英汉翻译中词义的引申.ppt

unit7 词义的引申翻译法,课前练笔,Not all mergers, however,are the result of global economic trends,political change or technological innovation.BMWs takeover of the Rover Group injected much needed investment into the strugging UKcar manufacturer whilst exteding BMWsproduct range. 然而并非所有的合并都是经济全球化趋势、政治变化或者技术革新所带来的结果。德国宝马汽车公司接管了罗福汽车集团，这给在挣扎中求生存的英国汽车制造公司注入了急需的资金，同时也拓展了宝马公司本身的产品范围,1.Then this girl gets killed,because she is always speeding.,译文：今后这女孩会送命的，因为她老是违反交通规则,2.Every life has its rose and thorns.荆棘,译文：生活有苦有甜,3.He is the champion of the colonial regiem (殖民统治)and of the racial segregation(种族歧视),译文：他是殖民统治和种族歧视的罪魁祸首,4.the car in front of me stalled adn I missed the green.,译文：我前头的那辆车停住了，因此，我错过了绿灯,何谓引申,定义：引申法，就是根据上下文的内在联系，通过句中词或词组乃至整句的字面意义由表及里，运用一些符合汉语习惯的表达法，选用确切的汉语词句，将原文内容的实质准确地表达出来。（P63）,从词义角度看，引申可分为抽象化引申和具体化引申 从句法层面来看，引申可分为逻辑引申、语用引申、修辞引申、概念范围的调整,翻译方法讲解,具体抽象,将词义做抽象化引申是指对原文中某些字面意义明确具体的词，采用汉语中的含义抽象、概括的词语来表达,I was practically on my knees but he still refused. 我几乎是苦苦哀求，但他依然拒绝 Please dont wake a sleeping dog. 请不要惹是生非,抽象具体,将词义具体化引申是指，勇代表抽象概念或属性的词来表达一种具体事物时，用具体化的事物来表达，还其具体的本来面目。使读者一目了然,He is the admiration of the whole school。 他是全校所敬佩的人。 The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green. 我前头的那辆车停住了，我错过了绿灯,逻辑引申,逻辑引申：是指在翻译的过程中，由于直译某个词、短语乃至整个句子会使译文不通顺以及不符合目的语的表达习惯，因而就要根据上下文的逻辑关系，对该词、短语或整个句子从其本义出发，由表及里，运用符合目的语习惯的表现法，选用确切的词句，将原文内容的实质准确地表达出来。,Example（P64),1. Our unique concept was a response to buyer needs, bringing greater reliability, higher-quality output, exceptional user-friendliness and operational ease. 我们唯一的信念就是要适应购买者的需要，生产更可靠的、质量更高的产品，让使用者感到格外好用和操作方便。,2.All services in business such as gift wrapping, delivery, and credit have some amount of costs associated with them, and these costs must be covered by higher prices. 商业中所有的服务如礼品包装、送货以及赊帐都有相应的成本，而这些成本要靠较高的价格来弥补。,1.You remind me very much of Lenin, whom I met in this building fifty-two years ago. 我觉得你很像列宁，52年前，我就是在这座大厦里同他见面的。 2.In fact, one mould can produce many thousands of articles before it wears out. 事实上，一个模子生产成千上万件产品之后才会破坏。,Exercise,语用引申,定义：把原文里的弦外之音（implication）补译出来，就属于语用学引申的手法。语用学是非语义学的语义研究。这种非语义学的语用意义，一般都不通过词汇、语法手段表示，它是非规约性的、潜在的；受话人凭借交际能力来理解这种语用意义，换句话说，它是结合交际对方、交际目的和交际情景，从说话人词语中引申出来的意义。,Example(P65),1.The EECs Common Agriltural policy is a dinosaur which s adding 13.50 a week to thefood bill of he average British family. 欧洲经济共同体的农业共同政策早已不合时宜了，它要使英国家庭平均每周在食品开销上多支出13.0英镑,2.These days,the U.S.economy isntgraduating enough scientiststo fill the need ofthe coming decades,“fret Charles C. Leighton,“thats a really concern.“ 近来，美国经未培养出足够的科学家来满足几十年发展的需要，查尔斯C 莱顿抱怨说，“这才是真正需要关注的问题。”,1.The new father wore a proud smile. 刚做了父亲的那个人面带着得意的笑容。 2.Cleverer heads than mine might have seen his drift 比我聪明的人，才弄得懂他葫芦里卖的是什么药。 3.Words once reserved for restroom walls are now common stuff in films, plays, books and even on television. 曾经是不登大雅之堂的言语，如今充斥于电影、戏剧、书籍之中，甚至充斥在电视上。 4.He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be a matter of life and death. 他一直在沙漠上生活，这地方每一杯水都得精打细算地用；一杯水可能是生死攸关的事。,Exercise,修辞引申（P66）,原文作者在文章中使用修辞手法，是为了使语言更加形象生动，鲜明突出；或者使语言更加整齐匀称，音调铿锵，以便更深入地阐明事件的意义或刻画人物的性格。因此，译文中若不能正确表现原文的修辞格，就不能准确地表达作者的思想和文风，就不符合“忠实、通顺”的翻译标准。,Example (P66),1.It is very much like communicating with an accorate robot who has avery small vocabulary and who takes everything literally. 那很像同一丝不苟的机器人讲话一样，机器人只有很少的词汇，而且事事刻板,2.The most successful manufacturers make it their business to understand consumr psychology-how to use design,both in marketing and productio,to make their products“speak“to consumer. 最成功的制造商总是把了解消费者心理，即在营销和生产力中如何运用设计来让产品向消费者“表达情感“，作为职责。,1.Advice and correction roll off him like water off a ducks back. 劝导对他好象水过鸭背似的(不起作用)。 2.He said: “ If one has anything to say, it drops from him simply and directly as a stone falls to the ground.” 他说：“如果一个人要说什么，就应像竹筒倒豆子那样直截了当地说出来。” 3.Mr. Smith may serve as a good secretary, for he is as close as an oyster.（as dumb as an oyster. ） 史密斯先生可以当个好秘书，因为他守口如瓶。,Exercise,4.A large segment of mankind turns to untrammeled (自由自在)nature as a last refugeefrom encroaching (侵占，蚕食)technology. 许多人都想向往回归自然，作为他们躲避现代技术侵害的世外桃源。,概念范围的调整（P67）,词的概念范围常常应在具体的语境中加以调整，或扩大外延而缩小内涵，或缩小外延而丰富内涵.此外，根据词义变化和调整的程度不同，也就是根据引申义和本义的差异之大小，词义引申可简单分为三个层次：近似、深化、升华。 近似引申：指接近本义，但又不为本义所限的引申； 深化引申：指赋予新义，但与本义在字面上尚有蛛丝马迹的联系； 升华引申：出自本义但在字面上远离本义,Example(P67),1.In their rush, these companies have negelectd the harest part of doing business in China;thepeople part.The result is that many hav jeopardized their performance in the long run. 这些公司在一拥而入之中忽略了再中国经营最艰巨的问题，即认得问题，结果许多公司严重损害了他们的远期经营业绩。,2.The computer makes possible a marvelous leap in human proficiency;it pulls down the fences around the practical and eventhe theoretialintelligence. 计算机使人类的能力有可能产生巨大的飞跃；它拓展了人类从事实践工作甚至理论工作的智慧。,And now for the good news: Stockholm residents enjoy sunbathing in November. Antarctic tourism is booming. Siberia has become the worlds breakfast. 这是令人庆幸的消息：斯德哥尔摩居民在十一月尚能享受日光浴，南极的旅游业日趋兴旺，西伯利亚成了世界粮仓。（近似） A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypotheses, his theories, and his conclusion. 科学家经常设法否定自己的假设，推翻自己的理论，并放弃自己的结论。（深化） In older canes that have already paired off, dancing reinforces the union its a sort of annual renewal of “vows”. 对已有配偶的成年鹤来说，舞蹈会加强相互之间的结合 这成了每年都要举行的一种重温 “山盟海誓”的仪式。（升华）,1.In the third quarter,all of our geographic markets experienced growth,except for Europe,which has been faced with weak economic conditions. 在第三季度，除了欧洲一直面临着低迷的经济状况之外，我们所有的地域市场都呈现出增长的态势 2.Interactive data broadcasting,for example,can provide services capable of allowing viewers to purchase local specialties featured in a program by using the remote control. 交互式数据传输，比如说，可以提供能让观众用遥控器就能买买到在节目中大肆宣传的土特产的服务,翻译练习,3.Since the initiation of economic reforms in the late 1970s China has achieved impressive economic growth coupled with significant structural transformation. 自20世纪70年代着手经济改革以来，中国已取得令人瞩目的经济增长态势，发生了重大的结构转变 4.Additional money easing was intended to prevent the injection of public funds into HSBC Holdings PLC form causing uncertainties over the financial system before it was too late. 附加的货币宽松政策旨在及时防止公共资金注入汇丰控股有限公司，以免造成金融体系动荡不安的局面,5.Over the period from 1978 to 1996,many of the distortions and rigidities of the former central planning system were eliminated and market forces came to play an increasingly important role in economic decision making. 自1978年到1996年这段时间里，在中央计划经济体制下以往那些扭曲的行事方式和死板的作法很多都被摒弃了，市场力量在经济决策中扮演着越来越重要的作用,6. The global reorganization of industries has not extended home appliance manufacturers ,as electrical products have different specification is different countries. 对不同产业进行全球范围的重组尚未波及家用电器制造商因为电器产品在不同国家有不同规格 7.The amount of carbon dioxide emitted by thermal power plants comprises about 30 present of the total mission of carbon dioxide in the nation. 火力发电厂排放出的二氧化碳总量约占整个国家二氧化碳总排放量的30%,8.As the demand for domestic stell has been increasing in China and among domestic appliance manufacturers,the nations steel manufacturers are producing at full capacity. 由于中国以及家用电器制造商对钢铁的需求在不短增加，整个国家的钢铁生产商正在开足马力生产钢铁 9.Under a new system schedule to be introduced in April 2011,all new doctors will be required to undergo on-the job training at designed hospital for two years after graduation. 根据预定在2011年4月出台的新制度，要求所有新上岗的医生在毕业之后要在指定医院接受两年的在职培训,10.A corporate group saddled with money-losing companies could take advantage of the consolidated tax payment system to reduce its tax burden. 肩负起拯救亏损公司的企业集团，可以使用合并的纳税制度来减免其税务负担 11.Throughout the past two decades,GATT(The General Agreement on Tariff and Trade) has been increasingly preoccupied with the trading problems and needs of the developing countries,with account for more than two-third of its membershi