实施动植物卫生检疫措施的协议SPS中英对照版.doc

SPS、TBT协定与WTO及CAC的关系 1995年1月WTO正式成立，是有关谈判贸易自由化协议及解决各国间贸易问题的重要国际组织。SPS、TBT协定是WTO规定食品贸易中必须遵守的两项协定，SPS、TBT协定都明确指出了CAC法典标准在国际食品贸易中的重要作用，将CAC法典标准作为解决国际贸易争端、协调各国食品卫生标准的依据。WTO的SPS、TBT协定已经实施，各成员国必须符合它们的要求，包括遵守CAC的食品标准。 SPS协定主要目标是在世贸组织所有会员国保护人类和动物健康以及植物卫生状况。TBT协定涉及SPS协定不包括的所有技术要求和标准，例如标签，与SPS协定互为补充，TBT、SPS协定被视为促进CAC目标即在世界范围内协调食品标准的一个强有利的工具。 发展中国家受益于SPS协定，遵守SPS协定提供了一个机会，可以在国际或双边合作组织提供的援助下，改善国家食品安全规划，这将促成对国内消费者健康的更充分保护并能提高出口产品在世界市场上的信誉，如果发展中的出口国家遵守TBT、SPS协定，它们受到出口国任意限制的情况就会减少。 Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures(SPS)Members,各成员：Reaffirming that no Member should be prevented from adopting or enforcing measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, subject to the requirement that these measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between Members where the same conditions prevail or a disguised restriction on international trade;重申不应阻止各成员采纳或实施为保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康所必须的措施。只要这些措施的实施方式，不在情形相同的成员之间构成任意或不合理的歧视，或对国际贸易构成变相的限制；Desiring to improve the human health, animal health and phytosanitary situation in all Members;期望改善各成员的人民健康、动物健康和植物卫生状况；Noting that sanitary and phytosanitary measures are often applied on the basis of bilateral agreements or protocols;注意到动植物卫生检疫措施通常以双边协议或议定书为基础实施；Desiring the establishment of a multilateral framework of rules and disciplines to guide the development, adoption and enforcement of sanitary and phytosanitary measures in order to minimize their negative effects on trade;期望建立规则和纪律的多边框架，以指导动植物卫生检疫措施的制定、采用和实施，从而使其对贸易的消极作用降到最小；Recognizing the important contribution that international standards, guidelines and recommendations can make in this regard;承认国际标准、准则和建议可以在该领域能作出重大贡献；Desiring to further the use of harmonized sanitary and phytosanitary measures between Members, on the basis of international standards, guidelines and recommendations developed by the relevant international organizations, including the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Office of Epizootics, and the relevant international and regional organizations operating within the framework of the International Plant Protection Convention, without requiring Members to change their appropriate level of protection of human, animal or plant life or health;期望进一步推动各成员使用以有关国际组织所制定的国际标准、准则和建议为基础的统一的动植物卫生检疫措施，这些国际组织包括国际营养标准委员会，国际兽疫局，以及在国际植物保护公约框架下运行的有关国际和区域组织；但不要求各成员改变其合理的保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康的水平；Recognizing that developing country Members may encounter special difficulties in complying with the sanitary or phytosanitary measures of importing Members, and as a consequence in access to markets, and also in the formulation and application of sanitary or phytosanitary measures in their own territories, and desiring to assist them in their endeavours in this regard;承认发展中国家成员在遵守进口成员的动植物卫生检疫措施方面可能遇到特殊的困难，进而在市场准入以及在其制定和实施国内动植物卫生检疫措施方面也会遇到困难，期望在这方面给予他们帮助；Desiring therefore to elaborate rules for the application of the provisions of GATT1994 which relate to the use of sanitary or phytosanitary measures, in particular the provisions of ArticleXX(b);(1)期望因此对如何实施1994年关贸总协定中与动植物卫生检疫措施有关的条款，特别是第二十条（b）款的实施制定具体规则；Hereby agree as follows: 协议如下： Article 1: General Provisions第一条 总则 1.This Agreement applies to all sanitary and phytosanitary measures which may, directly or indirectly, affect international trade. Such measures shall be developed and applied in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.1本协议适用于所有可能直接或间接影响国际贸易的动植物卫生检疫措施，这类措施应按照本协议的条款来制定和实施。2.For the purposes of this Agreement, the definitions provided in AnnexA shall apply.2为本协议之目的，附件1中规定的定义都适用。3.The annexes are an integral part of this Agreement.3各附件是本协议的不可分割的组成部分。4.Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the rights of Members under the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade with respect to measures not within the scope of this Agreement.4对不在本协议范围之内的措施，本协议不应影响各成员在技术性贸易壁垒协议项下所享有的权利。Article 2: Basic Rights and Obligations 第二条 基本权利和义务 1.Members have the right to take sanitary and phytosanitary measures necessary for the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, provided that such measures are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement.1各成员有权采取为保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康所必需的动植物卫生检疫措施，但这类措施不应违背本协议的规定。2.Members shall ensure that any sanitary or phytosanitary measure is applied only to the extent necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, is based on scientific principles and is not maintained without sufficient scientific evidence, except as provided for in paragraph 7 of Article5.2各成员应确保任何动植物卫生检疫措施的实施不超过为保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康所必需的程度，并以科学原理为依据，如无充分的科学依据则不再实施，但第五条第7款规定的除外。3.Members shall ensure that their sanitary and phytosanitary measures do not arbitrarily or unjustifiably discriminate between Members where identical or similar conditions prevail, including between their own territory and that of other Members. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures shall not be applied in a manner which would constitute a disguised restriction on international trade.3各成员应确保其动植物卫生检疫措施不在情形相同或情形相似的成员之间，包括在成员自己境内和其他成员领土之间构成任意或不合理的歧视。动植物卫生检疫措施的实施不应对国际贸易构成变相的限制。4.Sanitary or phytosanitary measures which conform to the relevant provisions of this Agreement shall be presumed to be in accordance with the obligations of the Members under the provisions of GATT1994 which relate to the use of sanitary or phytosanitary measures, in particular the provisions of ArticleXX(b).4符合本协议有关条款规定的动植物卫生检疫措施，应被认为符合各成员在1994年关贸总协定有关采用动植物卫生检疫措施的义务，特别是第二十条（b）款的规定。Article 3: Harmonization第三条 协调一致 1.To harmonize sanitary and phytosanitary measures on as wide a basis as possible, Members shall base their sanitary or phytosanitary measures on international standards, guidelines or recommendations, where they exist, except as otherwise provided for in this Agreement, and in particular in paragraph 3.1为尽可能广泛地协调动植物卫生检疫措施，各成员的动植物卫生检疫措施应以国际标准、准则或建议为依据，除非本协议，特别是第3款中另有规定。2.Sanitary or phytosanitary measures which conform to international standards, guidelines or recommendations shall be deemed to be necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, and presumed to be consistent with the relevant provisions of this Agreement and of GATT1994.2符合国际标准、准则或建议的动植物卫生检疫措施应视为是保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康所必需的，并被认为符合本协议和1994年关贸总协定有关条款的规定。3.Members may introduce or maintain sanitary or phytosanitary measures which result in a higher level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection than would be achieved by measures based on the relevant international standards, guidelines or recommendations, if there is a scientific justification, or as a consequence of the level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection a Member determines to be appropriate in accordance with the relevant provisions of paragraphs 1 through 8 of Article 5 (2)Notwithstanding the above, all measures which result in a level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection different from that which would be achieved by measures based on international standards, guidelines or recommendations shall not be inconsistent with any other provision of this Agreement.3各成员可以实施或维持比以有关国际标准、准则或建议为依据的措施所提供的保护水平更高的动植物卫生检疫措施，但要有科学依据，或者一成员根据第五条第1款至第8款中有关条款规定，认为该措施所提供的保护水平是合适的。除上述外，若某措施所产生的动植物卫生保护水平不同于以国际标准、准则或建议为依据制定的措施所提供的保护水平，则一概不可违背本协议中其他任何条款的规定。4.Members shall play a full part, within the limits of their resources, in the relevant international organizations and their subsidiary bodies, in particular the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Office of Epizootics, and the international and regional organizations operating within the framework of the International Plant Protection Convention, to promote within these organizations the development and periodic review of standards, guidelines and recommendations with respect to all aspects of sanitary and phytosanitary measures.4各成员应尽其所能全面参与有关国际组织及其附属机构，特别是国际营养标准委员会，国际兽疫局，以及在国际植物保护公约框架下运行的有关国际和区域组织，以便促进在这些组织中对有关动植物卫生检疫措施各个方面的标准、准则和建议的制订和定期审议。5.The Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures provided for in paragraphs 1 and 4 of Article 12 (referred to in this Agreement as the “Committee”) shall develop a procedure to monitor the process of international harmonization and coordinate efforts in this regard with the relevant international organizations.5在第十二条第1和第4款中提到的动植物卫生检疫措施委员会（本协议中简称委员会）应制定程序，以监督国际统一化进程，并在这方面和有关国际组织协同努力。Article 4: Equivalence 第四条 同等对待 1.Members shall accept the sanitary or phytosanitary measures of other Members as equivalent, even if these measures differ from their own or from those used by other Members trading in the same product, if the exporting Member objectively demonstrates to the importing Member that its measures achieve the importing Members appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection. For this purpose, reasonable access shall be given, upon request, to the importing Member for inspection, testing and other relevant procedures.1如果出口成员客观地向进口成员表明它所采用的动植物卫生检疫措施达到了进口成员适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平，即使这些措施不同于进口成员自己的措施，或不同于从事同一产品贸易的其他成员所采用的措施，各成员应同等地接受其他成员的动植物卫生检疫措施。为此，根据请求，应向进口成员提供进行检验、测试，以及执行其他有关程序的合理的机会。2.Members shall, upon request, enter into consultations with the aim of achieving bilateral and multilateral agreements on recognition of the equivalence of specified sanitary or phytosanitary measures.2各成员应根据要求进行磋商，以便就所规定的动植物卫生检疫措施同等性的承认达成双边和多边协议。Article 5: Assessment of Risk and Determination of the Appropriate Level of Sanitary or Phytosanitary Protection 第五条 风险评估以及适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平的确定 1.Members shall ensure that their sanitary or phytosanitary measures are based on an assessment, as appropriate to the circumstances, of the risks to human, animal or plant life or health, taking into account risk assessment techniques developed by the relevant international organizations.1各成员应确保其动植物卫生检疫措施是依据适应环境的对于人类、动物或植物的生命或健康的风险评估，并考虑到由有关国际组织制定的风险评估技术。2.In the assessment of risks, Members shall take into account available scientific evidence; relevant processes and production methods; relevant inspection, sampling and testing methods; prevalence of specific diseases or pests; existence of pest- or disease-free areas; relevant ecological and environmental conditions; and quarantine or other treatment.2在进行风险评估时，各成员应考虑现有的科学依据；有关的工序和生产方法；有关的检验、抽样和测试方法；某些病害或虫害的流行；病虫害非疫区的存在；有关的生态和环境条件；以及检疫或其他处理方法。3.In assessing the risk to animal or plant life or health and determining the measure to be applied for achieving the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection from such risk, Members shall take into account as relevant economic factors: the potential damage in terms of loss of production or sales in the event of the entry, establishment or spread of a pest or disease; the costs of control or eradication in the territory of the importing Member; and the relative cost-effectiveness of alternative approaches to limiting risks.3各成员在评估对动物或植物的生命或健康构成的风险，并决定采取措施达到适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平，以防止这种风险时，应考虑下列相关的经济因素：由于虫害或病害的传入、定居或传播，对生产或销售造成损失的潜在损害；在进口成员领土上控制或根除的病虫害的成本；以及采用其他方法来控制风险的有关实际开支。4.Members should, when determining the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection, take into account the objective of minimizing negative trade effects.4各成员在决定适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平时，应考虑将对贸易的不利影响减少到最低程度这一目标。5.With the objective of achieving consistency in the application of the concept of appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection against risks to human life or health, or to animal and plant life or health, each Member shall avoid arbitrary or unjustifiable distinctions in the levels it considers to be appropriate in different situations, if such distinctions result in discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade. Members shall cooperate in the Committee, in accordance with paragraphs1, 2 and 3 of Article 12, to develop guidelines to further the practical implementation of this provision. In developing the guidelines, the Committee shall take into account all relevant factors, including the exceptional character of human health risks to which people voluntarily expose themselves.5为了达到运用适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平的概念，在防止对人类生命或健康，动物和植物的生命或健康构成风险方面取得一致性的目的，每个成员应避免在不同的情况下任意或不合理地实施它所认为适当的不同的保护水平，如果这种差异在国际贸易中产生歧视或变相限制。各成员应根据本协议第十二条第1、2和3款中的规定，在委员会中相互合作来制定准则，以推动本条款的实际贯彻。委员会在制定准则时应考虑所有相关因素，包括人们自愿遭受的人身健康风险的例外情况。6.Without prejudice to paragraph 2 of Article 3, when establishing or maintaining sanitary or phytosanitary measures to achieve the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection, Members shall ensure that such measures are not more trade-restrictive than required to achieve their appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection, taking into account technical and economic feasibility.6在不违背第三条第2款规定的前提下，各成员在制定或维持动植物卫生检疫措施以达到适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平时，考虑到技术和经济可行性，应确保这类措施不比要获取适当的动植物卫生检疫保护水平所要求的更具贸易限制性。7.In cases where relevant scientific evidence is insufficient, a Member may provisionally adopt sanitary or phytosanitary measures on the basis of available pertinent information, including that from the relevant international organizations as well as from sanitary or phytosanitary measures applied by other Members. In such circumstances, Members shall seek to obtain the additional information necessary for a more objective assessment of risk and review the sanitary or phytosanitary measure accordingly within a reasonable period of time.7在有关科学依据不充分的情况下，一成员可根据现有的有关信息，包括来自有关国际组织以及其他成员方实施的动植物卫生检疫措施的信息，临时采取某种动植物卫生检疫措施。在这种情况下，各成员应寻求获取必要的补充信息，以便更 加客观地评估风险，并相应地在合理的期限内评价动植物卫生检疫措施。8.When a Member has reason to believe that a specific sanitary or phytosanitary measure introduced or maintained by another Member is constraining, or has the potential to constrain, its exports and the measure is not based on the relevant international standards, guidelines or recommendations, or such standards, guidelines or recommendations do not exist, an explanation of the reasons for such sanitary or phytosanitary measure may be requested and shall be provided by the Member maintaining the measure.8当一成员有理由认为另一成员制定或维持的某种动植物卫生检疫措施正在限制，或潜在限制其产品出口，而这种措施不是以有关国际标准、准则或建议为依据，或者这类标准、准则或建议并不存在，则可要求其解释采用这种动植物卫生检疫措施的理由，并应由维持该措施的成员提供解释。Article 6: Adaptation to Regional Conditions, Including Pest- or Disease-Free Areas and Areas of Low Pest or Disease Prevalence 第六条 病虫害非疫区和低度流行区适用地区的条件 1.Members shall ensure that their sanitary or phytosanitary measures are adapted to the sanitary or phytosanitary characteristics of the area whether all of a country, part of a country, or all or parts of several countries from which the product originated and to which the product is destined. In assessing the sanitary or phytosanitary characteristics of a region, Members shall take into account, inter alia, the level of prevalence of specific diseases or pests, the existence of eradication or control programmes, and appropriate criteria or guidelines which may be developed by the relevant international organizations.1各成员应确保其动植物卫生检疫措施要适应当地-即产品的产地及发运地的动植物卫生检疫特点-不论这个地区是一个国家的全部或其部分地区，或几个国家的全部或部分地区。在评估一个地区的动植物卫生特点时，各成员应特别考虑某些病害或虫害的流行程度、现有的根治或控制方案，以及由有关国际组织制定的适当标准或准则。2.Members shall, in particular, recognize the concepts of pest- or disease-free areas and areas of low pest or disease prevalence. Determination of such areas shall be based on factors such as geography, ecosystems, epidemiological surveillance, and the effectiveness of sanitary or phytosanitary controls.2特别是，各成员应承认病虫害非疫区和低度流行区的概念。对这些地区的确定，应依据诸如地理、生态系统、流行病监测，以及动植物卫生检疫效果等因素。3.Exporting Members claiming that areas within their territories are pest- or disease-free areas or areas of low pest or disease prevalence shall provide the necessary evidence thereof in order to objectively demonstrate to the importing Member that such areas are, and are likely to remain, pest- or disease-free areas or areas of low pest or disease prevalence, respectively. For this purpose, reasonable access shall be given, upon request, to the importing Member for inspection, testing and other relevant procedures.3出口成员声明其境内某些地区是病虫害非疫区或低度流行区时，应提供必要的证据，以便向进口成员客观地表明这些地区分别是，并很可能继续分别是病虫害非疫区或低度流行区。为此，根据要求应向进口成员提供合理的途径，以便进口成员检验、测试。以及执行其他有关程序。Article 7: Transparency 第七条 透明度 Members shall notify changes in their sanitary or phytosanitary measures and shall provide information on their sanitary or phytosanitary measures in accordance with the provisions of AnnexB.各成员应通知其动植物卫生检疫措施的改变，并根据附件2有关规定提供其动植物卫生检疫措施的信息。Article 8: Control, Inspection and Approval Procedures 第八条 控制、检验和批准程序 Members shall observe the provisions of AnnexC in the operation of control, inspection and approval procedures, including national systems for approving the use of additives or for establishing tolerances for contaminants in foods, beverages or feedstuffs, and otherwise ensure that their procedures are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement.各成员在实施控制、检验和批准程序，包括批准在食品、饮料或饲料中使用添加剂，或确定污染物允许量的国家制度时，应遵守附件3的规定，并应确保其程序不与本协议规定相抵触。Article 9: TechnicalAssistance 第九条 技术援助 1.Members agree to facilitate the provision of technical assistance to other Members, especially developing country Members, either bilaterally or through the appropriate international organizations. Such assistance may be, interalia, in the areas of processing technologies, research and infrastructure, including in the establishment of national regulatory bodies, and may take the form of advice, credits, donations and grants, including for the purpose of seeking technical expertise, training and equipment to allow such countries to adjust to, and comply with, sanitary or phytosanitary measures necessary to achieve the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection in their export markets.1各成员同意促成以双边形式或通过适当的国际组织向其他成员，特别是发展中国家成员提供技术援助。这些援助尤其可以在加工技术、研究和基础设施，包括成立国家管理机构等领域；也可