构词法在英语阅读理解词义猜测中的运用.ppt

,weightlifting,Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. ,Word Formation 构词法,巧用构词法原则帮助解答 阅读理解中的猜测词义题,派生法（Derivation）,合成法(Compounding),转化法（Conversion）,缩略法（Abbreviation）,一、派生法（Derivation）,由词根(root)加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词。,un-,dis- in- im- mis- non-,understand polite smoker agree fair visible,Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep?,1. over- : too much,overwork , overeat,above sth; across,overcoat, overhead,Some important prefixes:,The trains are _ on Friday evenings. (crowded),overcrowded,He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.,2.en- 动词前缀,enable, endanger,Reading can _ your life.(rich),enrich,Some important suffixes:,-ment, -ion, -ness, -tion, -ful, -able, -less, -en等,sharpen a pencil,strengthen,brighten,With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET),unconditional: nonjudgmental:,无条件的，绝对的,没有判断力的,二、合成法（Compounding）,highway waiting-room kind-hearted,把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。,For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.,生死攸关的,Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.,honest or practical,实事求是，脚踏实地,Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade and high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tied in her presence. At any rate, my love for Rachel remained without result. We graduated from high school, she went on to college, and I joined the Army. I was sent overseas during the war. For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.,tongue-tied,overseas,highlight,三、转化法（ Conversion ）,由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。,n.,v. take/bear,So when someone has hurt you, calm yourself first. Take a couple of breaths, and think of something that gives you pleasureKeep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean accepting the action of the person who upsets you.(2004NMET),calm,upsets,hurt,Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.,四、缩略法（ Abbreviation ）,DV MVP SOS WWW,Digital Video,Most Valuable Player,Save Our Ship,World Wide Web,1It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you cant see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.,mis- sth. is done wrong or badly,present vt. describe,2.The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.,recycle v. 使再循环，回收利用,recyclable adj. 可回收利用的,nonrecyclable n. 不能回收利用的东西,3. Another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain,trans- change,transplant 移植,transport 运输，交通,4.My teenage son Karl became withdrawn after his father died. As a single parent, I tried to do my best to talk to him, but the more I tried, the more he pulled away.(2004 NMET),By saying “Karl became withdrawn” , the author means that the boy changed entirely and _.,preferred to stay alone at home lost interest in his studies refused to talk to others began to dislike his mother,with- draw back withdrawn 退