科技英语词义的选择.ppt

词义的选择,英语和汉语两种语言中都有一词多义的现象，总体来说，汉语中，同一个词的词义在不同的上下文中的差别比较小，一词多义的现象不如英语中那么普遍。如：story It is quite another story now. A young man came to police with a story. The white-haired girls story is one of the saddest.,wet,Wet Paint! He was wet to the skin. At that time he was still wet behind the ears. 那时候他仍然有些乳臭未干。 If you think I am for him, you are all wet. 如果你认为我支持他，那你就大错特错了。,1. 根据学科、专业选择词义,在英语和汉语中，同一个词在不同的学科领域或不同专业中往往有着不同的词义。在选择词义时应考虑到所涉及的概念所属的学科和专业。如：eye inspection eye (检查孔) hoisting eye (吊环) observers eye (观测镜) television eye (工业电视摄像机),body,Recent space travels have shown that the body needs special exercise in a spaceship to suit the weightless conditions. 最近的宇宙飞行表明，人体需要在宇宙飞船中进行专门训练才能适应失重情况。 Just as the sun is the central body of the solar system, so the nucleus is the core of the atom. 正像太阳是太阳系的中心天体一样，原子核是原子的核心。,The speed of an aeroplane is, to some degree, associated with the shape of its body and wings. 在某种程度上，飞机的速度与机身及机翼的形状有关。 He is trying to work out its body force. 他正在计算其体积力。,2. 根据上下文选择词义,The machine works properly. 这台机器运转良好。 The yeast hasnt worked now. 酵母现在还没有发酵。 The life is not working. 电梯失灵了。 The mine has long been worked. 这个矿已经开采很久了。,house,Uranium（铀）should be housed in safe. 铀必须封存在安全装置中。 As we all know, alloys（合金） belong to a half-way house between mixtures（混合物） and compounds（化合物）. 众所周知，合金是一种介于混合物和化合物之间的中间结构。,It is impossible to predict in detail the shape and mechanism of the robot slave. It might carry its computer and response mechanism around with it and also its source of power. 现在详细地预言这种机器人的形状和机理是不可能的。它可能自身带有电子计算机和反应装置及能源。,Metallic iron contents were determined by electrochemical solution of the iron with copper nitrate（硝酸铜） solution. 金属铁的含量是通过用硝酸铜溶液对铁进行电化学溶解的方法加以测定的。,3. 根据搭配习惯选择词义,business survey index 企业概况索引 business assessment 经营评估 business game 商业对策,hot,Hot bath Hot patriot Hot news Hot temper Hot dispute