宾语从句讲解课件.ppt

Mainly Revision,Object Clauses,宾语从句,张丽华,一教学任务 复习宾语从句 二教学重点 1.宾语从句的概念 2.宾语从句的引导词 3.宾语从句中的语序 4.宾语从句的时态变化,教学难点 1. if与whether的区别 2. when与if 引导的宾语从句和状语从句 3.宾语从句与简单句的互换,问题一: 什么是宾语?,宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系 的对象,常由名词或相当与名词的词担任,置 于及物动词或介词（动词词组）后。,I like my teacher. （名词作宾语） I know him. （代词作宾语） How is he getting along with his English? I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语） I am interested in playing piano. He bought me a pen.(双宾语） We keep it a secret. I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）.,宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。 I like my teacher. I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语） I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语） I know him .（代词作宾语） I know Mr Li teaches English. (句子作宾语） She asked if the answer was right. (句子作宾语）,We know him,We know he likes English.,主s,主s,谓v,谓v,宾o,宾o,宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语,简单句,复合句,试比较,问题二: 什么是宾语从句?,He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says.,He talked of how he helped the old man.,I am sure (that) you looked nice that evening. He is afraid (that) he cant go tonight.,I think (that) your clothes fit well.,He couldnt tell me where his home was.,Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut(宇航员)? Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. Please tell me where she has gone. I dont know if he will come tonight. Lets find out whats on tonight .,Find out the Object Clauses,We are proud of that Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world .,二、宾语从句三要素,连 接 词,时态呼应,陈述语序,that if/whether 特殊疑问词,连接词+主语+谓语+其他,（that ）+ 陈述句 He thinks, “ Lucy likes school.” He thinks (that）Lucy likes school. 2. if/whether + 一般疑问句 He asked,“Was Lucy late again?” He asked if Lucy was late again. 3.特殊疑问词 + 特殊疑问句 He asks me, “When will Lucy come ?” He asks me when Lucy will come.,that,当陈述句充当宾语时，由 _ 连接,练一练,1. This is a book.- I know 2. You like singing.-She says 3. He worked last night.- I know 4. They will go home.-Tell Lucy,主句,(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?,Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?,(1) Is Jim a good student? I dont know,I dont know if /whether Jim is a good student.,当一般疑问句充当宾语，由_ 连接,if/whether,练一练,1. Is he reading ? 1）Was she late yesterday? 2. Does Tom work hard? 2) Did you watch TV ? 3. Will they read books ? 3) Can you sing ?,用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句: 1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks ,if/whether,注意：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种 情况只能用whether： 1. 与or not连用： He asked me whether or not I was coming. 2. 在介词之后： It depends on whether it is going to rain. 3. 在不定式之前： We havent decided whether to go there. 4.作主语只能用whether Whether he will come is not decided.,3.当特殊疑问句充当宾语时，由 _ 连接,Eg:,1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?,Can you tell me what she is doing?,2.Where does she live? Do you know?,Do you know where she lives?,特殊疑问词,练一练,What is this ? What are you doing ? Where do you live ? When does he get up ? How did you go to work? Who will you play with?,用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句: 1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3. Can you tell me ,Helen says that she will learn French next year. Do you know where he comes from? He asked me if I could get to the bus station on time.,三. 宾语从句的语序-陈述语序,无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。,练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序： 1.Is there a bank near here? 2.Is it on Fifth Avenue? 3.Are they doing homework?,There is a bank near here,It is on Fifth Avenue,They are doing homework,4.Does she work in a hospital? 5.Did you go to Center Park? 6.Do we have to wear a uniform?,she works in a hospital,you went to Center Park,we have to wear a uniform,we can wear hats in school,7.Can we wear hats in school?,8.Wheres your pen pal from? 9. Where does he live? 10.What language does she speak? 11.Why do you like pandas?,Where your pen pal is from,Where he lives,What language she speaks,Why you like pandas,将下列问句变成陈述句 1. Who tells you the news ? Can you tell me 2. Which is the way to the bank ? I want to know 3. Whats wrong with you ? I wonder 4. What happened to you ? He asked me 5. Which is the way to the station? Please tell me . ? 想一想 为什么这些句子的语序不变？,四.宾语从句的时态变化,填一填,was,is,will cook,is singing,has been,was playing,had learned,1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。 （需要性原则）,2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）,1) He will go to Hong Kong . 2) He is sick. 3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.,1) He to Hong Kong .,2) He sick. 3) He a book . 4) He his work.,辨一辨,would go,was,was reading,had finished,确定从句的时态(根据主句时态),主句时态,从 句 时 态,连 接 前,连 接 后,一般现在时,时态由从句决定,一般过去时,一般现在时work,一般过去时worked,一般过去时 worked,过去完成时had worked,一般将来时will work,过去将来时would work,现在进行时is working,过去进行时was working,现在完成时have worked,过去完成时had worked,3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）,He told me (that),Summer is after Spring .,I was told (that),the sun is much bigger than the moon.,My parents told me (that),no news is good news.,比一比,比一比 I dont know where I should go. Tell me how I can do it. I dont know where to go. Tell me how to do it. 你有什么发现？ 结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 疑问词 + to do 的简单句。 条件：(1). 主主从主 (2). 主(间)宾从主,五.宾语从句与简单句的转换,练一练 1.I dont know what I shall do next .(变为简单句 I dont know _next . 2.John didnt decide which book he would buy .(变为简单句） John didnt decide_ . 3.Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop ?(变为复合句） Can you tell me _ the bus stop ? 4.Please tell Lucy how to use the MP5 .(变为复合句） Can you tell Lucy_ the MP5.,What to do,which book to buy,how I can get to,how she can use,1.Could you tell me we get to the place? Ahow Bwhether Cwhere Dwhat 2.The teacher says she will leave a message on the headmasters desk. Aif Bwho Cthat Dwhat 3.I am not sure _ he will come tomorrow. A. that B. if C. what D. who 4.-Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if,A,C,解题指导一：判断语义，选择连接词,Exercises:,B,A,5.Do you know how much hot water ? AMum is needed Bdoes Mum need CMum needs Ddid Mum need 6.Can you tell me ? Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is where Dwhat is he 7.I want to know how long . Ahas he been back Bhas he come back Che has been back Dhe has come back,C,A,C,解题指导二：陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语，,8.I thought he _to see his mother if he _time. Awill gohas Bwill go will have Cwould go would have Dwould go had 9.Do you know? A. what the news are B. what is the news C. what the news is D. what are the news,解题指导三: 时态呼应 若主句时态是现在时态，宾语从句的时态可根据实际 情况而定； 若主句是过去时态，宾语从句的时态要用过去的某个 时态，客观真理除外。,8. I didnt know how to London? Awould they go Bare they going Cthey would go Dthey are going,C,( ) 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( ) 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( ) 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are,（ ）4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may ( ) 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled,( ) 1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that ( ) 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where ( ) 3 I hardly understand _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who ( ) 4 She didnt know _ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be,( ) 5 I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when ( ) 6 Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how ( ) 7 He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose,( ) 2.Please tell me _ last year. A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked ( ) 3.She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it ( ) 4. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said,( ) 5 Did you know _? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after ( ) 6 Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing,.Find out the mistakes and correct them. 1 Could you tell me where do they live? 2 She knew that Danny is a student. 3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn. 4 Do you know who car it is?,was,is,whose,六.课堂检测,4Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find _? what Lily was B. what was Lily C. where Lily was D. where was Lily,C,3.We dont know _. - It is said that he was born in Canada. what he is B. when he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here,C,5 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.,A. took B. take C. takes D. will take,6 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.,A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled,A,C,7. Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow? A. if B. weather C. what D. which,A,8. Could you tell me _?,A. when will they leave Beijing,B. when would they leave Beijing,C. when they will leave Beijing,D. when did they leave Beijing,C,.完成句子。,1.