冯志通,彭文如,许思源,金勇.ppt

Rising China Bests a Shrinking Japan (abridged),中国崛起，日本衰落 崛起中国击沉衰退日本 崛起的中国超越衰退的日本,China passed Japan in 2010 to become the worlds second-largest economy after the U.S., a historic shift that has drawn mixed emotions in the two Asian powers: resignation tinged with soul-searching in long-stagnant Japan, pride but also caution in an ascendant China wary of shouldering new global responsibilities. 2010年，中国取代日本成为仅次于美国的世界第二大经济体，这是亚洲两个相互有复杂情感的大国之间的一个历史性的交替：一个是处于经济长期不景气寻求自我反省但又无可奈何地滑落的日本，一个是处于经济上升期感觉扬眉吐气但又对承担全球责任持谨慎态度的中国。 Resignation：无可奈何 （常用作“辞职、放弃、顺从） Tinge with：略带、色/气味,For the U.S., while Japan was in some ways an economic rival, it also has been a geopolitical and military ally. China, however, is a potential challenger on all fronts. 对美国来说,日本在某些方面既是美国经济上的对手，又是地缘政治和军事上的盟友。但是，中国不一样，它是美国潜在的全面的挑战者。,Chinas ascent has been the main source of popular legitimacy for the ruling Communist Party. But Beijing worries that the mantle of economic titan comes with unwanted obligations for a country still in many ways poor. “China Surpassing Japan to Become Worlds Second Biggest EconomyBut Not the Second Strongest,“ said the headline on a recent article on the website of the Peoples Daily, the partys flagship newspaper. 中国的崛起一直是中国共产党被认为具有执政合法性的主要缘由。但北京又担心成为经济巨人后所带来给这个在许多方面仍然发展不足的国家的不必要的义务。“中国仅仅是超越日本成为第二大经济体，而不是世界第二强的经济体”，正如中国共产党的旗舰报纸人民日报网站最近刊发的一片文章的标题所说的。 Mantle：地幔；斗篷；覆盖物 ，这里理解为“表面下、头衔下，或直接不译”,Both still remain considerably smaller than the American economy. Japan and China combined are still worth less than the U.S.s 2010 GDP of $14.66 trillion. But the news marks the end of era. For nearly two generations, since overtaking West Germany in 1967, Japan stood solidly as the worlds No. 2 economy. The new rankings symbolize Chinas rise and Japans decline as global growth engines. 但中日两国经济体的规模还是不及美国，日本和中国2010年的GDP加起来仍然小于美国当年的14.66万亿美元。但是中国取代日本成为世界第二大经济体标志着一个时代的终结。近两代人都清楚，日本自1967年取代西德以来稳坐世界经济第二把交椅。新的排名象征着中国的崛起和日本作为世界经济增长引擎的衰退。,At home, the rise to No. 2 complicates the Communist Partys national narrative, steeped in a sense of victimhood at the hands of foreign powersnot least 1930s Japan that China is now overtaking.,国内，中国成为全球第二大经济体，使得共产党的宣传说词变得复杂化，这些宣传充满着中国沦为外国势力（尤其是上世纪30年代的日本）牺牲品的意味，而现在中国正在赶超这些列强。,In Japan, the moment is seen as another marker of an extended weakening. “Its only natural that Japan would be overtaken considering Chinas ballooning GDP and larger population,“ Tokyo Gov. Shintaro Ishihara told reporters recently.,在日本，这一变化被视为经济衰弱延伸的另一标志。东京都知事石原慎太郎最近告诉记者“考虑到中国不断膨胀的GDP和较大的人口规模，日本被取代是自然的。”,Gov： 知事，官职，职务相当于中国的地级市县长，或是台湾的县长。,这一直言坦率的民族主义者曾经是这一狂妄国家所值得骄傲的声音，也是1989年泡沫时代中日本可以说不的合著者。此刻，他讨论到日本的排名时，略带伤感。他说，“日本衰退的其他迹象在大背景下那么显眼，这很不幸。”,The outspoken nationalist was once the proud voice of a cocky nation, co-authoring the bubble-era 1989 book, “The Japan That Can Say No.“ Now, he talks about his countrys standing with a tinge of sadness. “Its just unfortunate that various other signs of Japans decline stand out so much against that backdrop.“,A tinge of： 一丝 例：a tinge of regret 一丝悔恨,日本和中国两国之间的复杂反应只能反映出，中国在很多方面都是落后于日本的，而事实上，两国之间不断上升的相互依存感也使得它们之间既是合作伙伴，又是竞争对手。,The complex reactions in both countries reflect the fact that China still lags behind Japan in many respectsand the reality that their growing interdependence makes them partners as much as rivals.,对于北京来说，第二经济大国意味着中国在其他方面有新的影响力。中国已经表示出意愿，愿意使用2.85万亿美元的外汇储备来购买债券，帮助稳定像希腊这样陷入困境的国家。官员严厉谴责华盛顿的货币政策，他们说美国的货币政策有可能威胁中国持有的大量美国国债的价值。,For Beijing, being No. 2 means, among other things, new clout. China has trumpeted its willingness to use its $2.85 trillion hoard of foreign-exchange reserves to help stabilize struggling countries such as Greece by purchasing their bonds. Officials have chastised Washington for monetary policies they say could endanger the value of Chinas massive holdings of U.S. government debt.,Clout （尤指政治上的）影响， hoard （钱财，食物或其他珍贵物品的）储藏 bond 债券 chastise 严惩 holding 所有物（如土地，债券等）,但是，北京也怀疑发达国家要利用中国的崛起在一些领域将更多的责任强加到中国身上，像在减少碳排放和货币政策方面。去年夏天，当中国的季度GDP超越日本时，官方媒体发出评论，反驳在他们所说的西方的“中国责任论”夸大了中国的全球角色。,But Beijing also suspects that developed countries want to use its rise to foist on it greater responsibilities in areas like carbon-emissions reduction and currency policy. When Chinas GDP passed Japans on a quarterly basis last summer, official media outlets ran commentaries rebutting what they called “China responsibility theories“ in the West exaggerating the countrys global role.,Foist 把强加于 on a quarterly basis 在一个季度的基础上 rebut 反驳,一位中国专家告诉新华社“这些理论是捏造出来的，以减缓阻碍中国的发展。”,The theories, one Chinese expert told the Xinhua news agency, “are fabricated（捏造） to slow down and check Chinas development.“,he saidadding that China remains one of the worlds poorer countries on a per capita basis.,同时他又说，按人均计算，中国仍然是世界上比较贫穷的国家之一。,The official ambivalence is mirrored in Chinas public reaction.,官方的这种矛盾态度在中国公众反应中得到了体现。,Japan no longer faces the same pressure from Western peers to exercise checkbook diplomacy or open its marketseven though Japans trade surpluses with the U.S. remain high.,日本不再面临西方国家让它实施“支票簿外交”或开放市场的压力（尽管日本对美国仍维持着巨额贸易顺差）。,00000,Japan now is more focused on different, less-quantitative, ways of defining success. Its influence abroad remains extensive, and in some ways has grown. 日本现在更加注重不同的、非量化的成功定义方式。它在国外的影响力仍旧巨大，某些方面甚至超过以往。 quantitative: 定量的,But it is more low-key, less directed in contentious areas of strategic technology and more in the realm of cultural diplomacy. 但日本在具有争议的战略技术领域更加低调、更为间接，同时更加注重文化外交。 - in the realm of ： 在.领域里,The notion of Japan as a center of creativity and innovationin hybrid-engine-powered cars or 3-D videogamescontrasts with its image 20 years ago as a copycat that mimicked design and technology pioneered elsewhere, and then outpowered the original makers with superior manufacturing. That label is now attached more to China. 与日本作为一个创造力、创新性（混合动力汽车或3D电子游戏）中心形象形成鲜明对比的是，20年前，它还是一种模仿其他国家先进设计与技术、然后用强大的制造能力赶超原版生产者的山寨形象。如今这个标签更多地贴在了中国身上。 notion n. 概念；见解；打算,The Ministry of Econ