翻译技巧词义的选择与引申.ppt

Selection and Extension,I. Review II. Introduction to the techniques of translation III. Selection of word meaning IV. Extension of word meaning V. Summary VI. Assignments VII. References for further reading,Teaching Procedures,Translation and equivalence Translation method Translation process and principles Translation factors and treason Translation theory and techniques,I. Review,Experience skills in translation: 1. selection of word meaning, 2.extension of word meaning, 3.conversion of parts of speeches and sentence structures, 4.long sentence translation, 5. paragraph and passage translation, 6.translation of articles of different kinds of styles, etc.,Introduction to the techniques of translation,a. Select word meanings according to parts of speeches.,1. Microprocessors monitor tyre wear and brake power on cars. (v.) 2. The patient was connected to a television wave monitor. (n.) 3. He likes making chemical experiments. (v.),微机检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。,病人情况通过波形监视器监视。,他喜欢做化学实验。,III. Selection of word meaning,4. Like charges repel each other, unlike charges attract. (adj.) 5. Like the human brain, a computer also has a memory where it can store vast quantities of information. (prep.) 6. I hope I can operate the machine like you do.( conj.) 7. All matters such as iron, water, air, and the like are made up of atoms. (conj.) 8. Like enough, the ship will arrive in port. (ad.),同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。,计算机像人脑一样， 也有一个能储存大量信息的存储器,我希望能像你一样操纵机器。,一切物质，例如铁、水、空气等，都是由原子构成的。,这艘船很可能明天进港。,III. Selection of word meaning,1. The countrys industry has developed quickly in the last decade. 2. To develop the instrument, many experts were invited. 3. In developing the design, the engineer must apply his knowledge of engineering and material science. 4. In order to develop our power industry, we must produce more and pore powerful generators.,b. Select word meanings according to the context.,过去10年我国工业发展迅猛。,为了研制这种仪器请了很多专家。,在进行设计时工程师必须运用工程学和材料学方面的知识。,为了发展我国的电力工业， 我们必须生产越来越多的大功率 发电机,III. Selection of word meaning,5. Instruments capable of measuring most kinds of error automatically and methods of feeding the information back to the machines controls have been developed. 6. He is the last man to come. 7. He is the last man to do it. 8. He is the last person for such a job. 9. He should be the last (man) to blame. 10. He is the last man to consult. 11. This is the last place where I expected to meet you.,能自动测量多种误差的仪器， 以及把信息反馈给机器控制 机构的方法已经研制出来了。,他是最后来的。,他决不会干这种事。,他最不配干这工作。,怎么也不该怪他。,根本不宜与他商量。,我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。,III. Selection of word meaning,1. Power can be transmitted over a long distance. 2. China will not be the first to use nuclear weapons although considered one of the nuclear powers. 3. 16 is the four power of 2. (27 is the third power of 3.) 4. What is the power of the engine?,c. Select word meanings according to speciality.,电力可以远距离输送。,尽管中国是核大国， 但中国决不会首先使用核武器。,16是2的4次方。 （27是3的3次幂。）,这台电机的功率是多少？,III. Selection of word meaning,1. high beam 2. high brass 3. high current 4. high explosive 5. high gear 6. high seas 7. high summer 8. high steel,d. Select word meanings according to collocation.,远距离光束,优质黄铜,强电流,烈性炸药,高速齿轮,公海,盛夏,硬钢,III. Selection of word meaning,9. To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her, but it had been an agony for years. 10. He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working, as though about to take off. 11. Every material takes up space. 12. The electronic computers are taking over some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains, but they are not replacing us.,脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦， 但这已是多年以来的痛苦了。,他工作时总是坐在椅子边上，好象随时都会跳起来的样子。,一切物质都占有空间。,计算机正在接替原来由人脑进行的某些工作，但是它们不 能代替人。,III. Selection of word meaning,1. Public opinion demands that something should be done to end the strike. 2. The car in front of me suddenly stopped and I missed the green.,一、抽象词语具体化,众舆论要求采取措施结束罢工。,我前面的那辆车突然停了，我错过了绿灯。,IV. Extension of word meaning,1. The character of these people is a mixture of the tiger and the ape. 2. Everyone has rain and sunshine (roses and thorns) in their life.,二、具体词语抽象化,帝国主义者的性格即残暴，又狡猾。,每个人的生活都有甜有苦。,IV. Extension of word meaning,1. During the first part of his life, Lincoln was a storekeeper and postmaster. 2. A network of highways was built from coast to coast. 3. He found that the mercury column measured the predicted height. 4. Jets are a new development in aviation. 5. The shortest distance between raw material and a finished part is casting.,三、改换说法,林肯早年当过店主和邮政局长。,横跨大陆建筑了一个公路网。,他发现水银柱达到了预期的高度。,喷气式飞机是航空事业上的一个新成就。,死译：原材料与成品之间最短的距离是铸造。 引伸译：铸造是原材料加工成成品的最简便方法。,IV. Extension of word meaning,6. The alternating current does not know such a disadvantage as the direct current does. 7. If iron is kept moist, rusting is rapid, which might lead us to think that water was the influence causing the corrosion.,死译：交流电不知道直流电的这种缺点。,引伸：交流电不存在直流电的这种缺点。,死译：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们以为水是引 起腐独的影响。,引伸：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们以为水是引 起腐独的原因。,IV. Extension of word meaning,8. A creative person will almost never follow a set pattern in developing an idea. To do so would tend to structure his thinking and might limit the creation of possible solutions.,死译：一个有创造性的人在形成一种想法时，决不会 按照一种固定不变的方式行事。这样就会构选于限制 创造出可能的解决方案。,引伸：一个有创造性的人在形成一种想法时，决不会 按照一种固定不变的方式行事。这样就会束缚他的思 想，妨碍他找出各种解决方案。,IV. Extension of word meaning,1. John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well. 2. Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized power. 3. Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen. 4. Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.,四、词义的褒贬,约翰是个积极肯干的推销员，他工作干得很出色。（褒义）,希特勒夺取了政权之后就推行侵略政策。（贬义）,汉斯说，这位先生是他所见过的最有胆识的人。这种阿谀 奉承未免过于露骨。（贬义）,布朗先生接到作演讲的邀请时感到非常荣幸。（褒义）,IV. Extension of word meaning,5. It must have been this obvious aimlessness that led to my downfall. 6. I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation, and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character. 7. I am a highly successful student with a brilliant academic record. 8. He was Kerry Rudman, 33, and no stranger to trouble.,现在看来，一定是这种明显的毫无目的的游逛使我倒了霉。 （贬义）,这样一来，在他们眼里，我就像是非常熟悉这一套了，也使 他们更加确信我是一个地地道道的坏蛋。（贬义）,我是一个学业出众的高材生。（褒义）,他叫克里.拉德曼，33岁，惹事生非已不是一次了。（贬义）,IV. Extension of word meaning,9. Paula didnt nee