形容词副词-李冬梅.ppt

形容词，副词 Adjective & Adverb,形容词,考察重点： 形容词的考查涉及形容词原级，比较级和最高级的各种句型、形容词作定语的位置、易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。其中，形容词比较等级句型、形容词修饰不定代词something，anything，everything，nothing时的位置，易混淆的形容词用法辨析等是考查的热点。 一形容词的一般用法 1作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。 例如：（1） Its a cold and windy day. （2）She is a beautiful girl. 2作表语，放在系动词的后面。 例如： （1）He looks happy today. （2）The little boy is very lovely. 注意：中考中常考的十个系动词 smell, look, taste, sound, feel, be, become, seem, turn, get,3不定代词+形容词，做后置定语。 例如：（1）Would you like something hot to drink？ （2）Is there anything important in todays newspaper? 4表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。 例如：（1）-How long is the river？ -Its about two hundred meters long 5the+adj. 表示某一类人 例如：（1）the living and the dead 生者和死者 （2）The young should speak to the old politely. 年轻人对老人说话要有礼貌 . 6貌似副词的形容词：lonely（独自的）；friendly（友好的）；lively（生动 的）；lovely（可爱的）,二多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为 ： 限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色，质地，国籍，用途）名词,opshacom,opinion主观的观点,shape 形状，大小,age 年龄，新旧,color 颜色,origin 起源，产地,material 材料，质地,例如：(1）a small round table一张小圆桌 （2) a famous American medical school 一个非常著名的美国医学院,三形容词常用句型 1“Its +adj. +of + sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。 例如：(1)Its very kind of you to help me. =You are very kind to help me. 你能帮助我，真好。 (2)Its very rude of her to say such words. =She is very rude to say such words. 她说这样的话，真粗鲁。 (3)Its foolish of him to go alone. =He is foolish to go alone. 他单独出去太傻了。,2“Its +adj. +for + sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 。 注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。 例如：(1)Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language. =To learn a foreign language is not easy for them. 对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。 (2)Its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully. =To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students. 对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。 3表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad(高兴的)，pleased(高兴的)， sad(忧伤的)，thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。 例如：（1）Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。 （2）Im very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。 4 表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能 力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。 例如：（1）Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。 （2）He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。,副词,考察重点： 中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。其中，频度副词always，often，usually，sometimes，never，时间副词already，yet，still，just，疑问副词how，why，when，where，程度副词enough，quite以及too，also，either等的用法区别，副词比较等级句型是考查的热点。 一副词的分类 副词按词汇意义可分为： 方式副词：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly 程度副词：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite 地点副词：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home 时间副词：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still 频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never 否定副词：no，not，neither，nor 疑问副词：where，how，why 其他：also，too，only,二副词的基本用法： 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 例如：（1）We should listen to our teachers carefully. 我们应该认真听老师讲课。 （2）He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。 （3）“What happened？”I asked，rather angrily. “发生什么事情了？”我相当生气地问。 （4）In spring，I can see flowers everywhere. 在春天，我到处都能看到花。 三常见副词用法辨析 1already与yet的区别 already用于肯定句句中，表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末，表示“还”，用于疑问句句末，表示“已经,例如：（1）He had already left when I called. 当我给他打电话时，他已经离开了。 （2）Have you found your ruler yet？ 你已经找到你的尺子了吗？ （3）I havent finished my homework yet. 我还没有完成作业。 注意：already还可以表示惊奇，惊讶等语气，常用于疑问句句末 例如：（1）Has your son gone to school already？ 你的儿子已经上学了吗？(表示很惊讶) 2 very，much和very much的区别 very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用very much. 例如：（1）John is very honest.约翰非常诚实。 （2）This garden is much bigger than that one. 这个花园比那个大的多。 （3）Thank you very much.非常感谢你,3 so与such的区别 so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词， 例如：（1）My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him. 我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。 （2）He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。 so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是“so+形容词 +a/an+可数名词单数”. such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是“such +a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”，“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”， . 例如：（1）He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy. 他是一个如此聪明的孩子。 （2）It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正) It is so cold weather.(误) （3）They are such good students. 他们是那么好的学生。(正) They are so good students. (误) 如果可数名词复数前有many，few或不可数名词前有much，little修饰，用so不用such. 例如：so many(如此多的)；so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数 so much(如此多的)；so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词,Grammar,4also，too，as well与either 的区别 also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be动词，情态动词，助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。 例如：（1）My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher. =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well. =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，too. 我爸爸是一名老师，我妈妈也是。 （2）I cant speak French Jenny cant speak French，either. 我不会说法语，詹妮也不会。 5sometime，sometimes，some time与some times的区别 sometime：某一时间，某一时刻，可指将来时，也可指过去时 sometimes：有时，不时的 some time：一段时间 some times：几次，几倍 . 例如：（1）Well have a test sometime next month. 下个月的某一时间，我们要进行一次测试。 （2）Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not. 有时我们很忙，有时不忙。 （3）He stayed in Beijing for some time last year. 他去年在北京呆了一段时间。 （4）I have been to Beijing some times. 我去过北京好几次。,Grammar,6ago与before的区别 ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。 before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。 例如：（1）I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到他。 （2）He told me that he had seen the film before. 他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。 7now，just与just now的区别 now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在” just：与现在完成时、过去完成时连用，表示“刚” just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才” 例如：（1）Where does he live now？他现在住哪里？ （2）We have just seen the film. 我们刚看过这场电影。 （3）He was here just now. 他刚才在这里。,一规则变化,taller harder larger wider,bigger thinner fatter,happier drier earlier,more difficult more popular more slowly,tallest hardest largest widest,biggest thinnest fattest,happiest driest earliest,most difficult most popular most slowly,形容词和副词的三级,二、不规则变化,better,best,worse,worst,less,more,most,farther/ further,older/elder,least,farthest/ furthest,oldest/eldest,巧记： 共有三对二合一 坏病两多和两好 little意思不是小 一分为二有两个 一是老来二是远,good/well,bad/badly,many/much,little,far,old,1.as+形容词/副词原形+as 和一样,Tom is as tall as Mike.,Jim runs twice as fast as Kate.,2.否定not as/so+形容词/副词原形+as “和 不一样”或 “不及不如,This shirt is not as /so cheap as that one.,汤姆和迈克一样高.,吉姆跑得速度是凯特的二倍。,这件衬衫不如那件便宜.,He doesnt walk as/so slowly as you.,我他走路不像你那样慢。,形容词/副词原级的常用句型,3.形容词/副词原形+ enough +to do 足够去做某事,He is strong enough to carry the big box.,吉姆年龄够大了可以上学.,Jim is old enough to go to school.,他很强壮能搬动这个大盒子.,如果你学习足够的努力，你可以赶上其他人.,If you study hard enough, you can catch up with others.,4.只能修饰形容词/副词原级的词very，quite，so，too,My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.,他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。,He is too tired to walk on.,我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。,形容词/副词比较级的常用句型,1. 比较级+than,Our school is larger than theirs.,This bridge is longer than that one.,我们的学校比他们的大.,这座桥比那座桥长.,这辆火车比那辆跑地快 .,This train runs faster than that one .,2. Who / Which + be +比较级 , A or B ?,Who is taller, Tom or John?,3. the+比较级 + of the two. 两个之中比较的那一个,Tom is the taller of the two. = Tom is taller than the other boy.,汤姆和约翰谁比较高？,汤姆是两个当中比较高的那一个。,4.“The+比较级，the+比较级” 表示“越，越”,The more exercise we do, the healthier we will be.,5.“比较级+and+比较级” 表示“越来越”,In spring, the days are getting longer and longer.,我们做越多的运动，我们就会变得越健康。,春天，日子变得越来越长了。,6.在形容词/副词比较级前可much, even ,still ,a little,来修饰，表示程度；even(甚至）。,计算机比自行车贵多了。,7.可用“比较级形式+than any other +单数名词来表达最高级的意思 。,He is taller than any other student in the school.,I did badly in the exam, he did even worse.,A computer is much more expensive than a bicycle.,我现在甚至感觉更难受了。,他比学校里任何学生都高.,形容词/副词最高级的常用句型,1.Who / Which + 动词+the+ 最高级, A, B, or C ?,Which is the most expensive, a bicycle, a car, or a plane?,汤姆 杰克和戴维谁跑的最快?,Who runs the fastest, Tom, Jack, or David?,自行车汽车和飞机哪一个最贵?,2.one of the+最高级+名词复数,Miss Ma is one of the most popular teachers in our class.,3.the+最高级+of /in,I think Kate sings the best of all the singers.,马老师是我们班最受欢迎的老师之一.,我认为尚雯婕是所有歌手唱得最好的.,Tom is the most hard-working student in our class.,汤姆是我班学习最努力的.,4. the +序数词+最高级,The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.,黄河是中国第二大河.,吉姆在我班是第三高.,Jim is the third tallest in our class.,1 . Making real cards is _ than making e-cards. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting,2. Please speak_ .I cant follow you. A. quick B. quickly C. slow D. slowly,3. The yellow river is _than any other river in northern china. A. long B. longer C. the longest D. longest,4.The harder we work , _ progress we will make. the greatest B. the greater C. great D. greater,B,D,B,B,5. The Shanghai World Financial Centre is now the third _building in the world. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 6. There is _ in todays newspaper. something interesting B. interesting something C. something interested D. interested something 7. As we all know, Shanghai is one of the _ in the world. larger cities B. largest cities C. larger city D. largest city,C,A,B,8. I dont think its _ to have a birthday party. enough special B. special enough C. specially enough D. special much 9. Lily did _ in the exam, but Lucy did even _. badly; worse B. worse; badly C. bad; worse . D. worse; bad 10. We all know that the World Financial Center is _ building in Shanghai at present. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 11. Every student likes Miss Green because she always talks to them _.,B,A,D,C,special enough,A. politely B. lovely C. friendly D. luckily 12. The old lady looked _ at the naughty（调皮的）boy and didnt know what to say. happily B. happy C. angrily D. angry 13. Lily is sure that eating _ vegetables and less meat will help her keep fit. more B. less C. fewer D. least 14. If there is no atmosphere , the earth would be _ the moon. as lifeless as B. as lifeless than C. lifeless than D. as lifeless 15. It smells so _. Look, the room is on fire. well B. terrible C. badly D. nice,C,A,A,B,Air pollution is one of the _ problems in our life. ( big ). Snow is a/an sight in this warm place. (usual) . 3. The manager tried to deal with angry workers. (polite) . 4. If you drink too much, your health will get even _(bad). 5. The weather in Hainan is _ than that in Shanghai. (hot) 6. China will produce the worlds train for the Beijing- Shanghai high-speed railway. (fast) 7. You cant drive your car_ in traffic jams. (easy ),biggest,unusual,politely,worse,hotter,fastest,easily,They run so _,It is raining _.,He cries _.,He plays basketball so _.,fast,heavily,well/wonderfully,loudly,He hung on the stick _.,successfully,Adverbs(副词),He hung on the stick successfully. She is working busily. He flies so high. He is lying on the chair quietly. They run so fast. It is raining heavily. He plays basketball so well. They look at the picture carefully. He cries loudly.,Underline the words which describe(修饰) the verbs:,副词的形式,1. Regular(规则) carefully easily badly slowly quickly really 2. Irregular(不规则) hard well almost very quite just already 3. Used as both adverbs and adjectives (可兼做副词形容词) fast hard far well high early ,注意: 有些名词后加ly 的是形容词 而不是副词！如：friendly lovely monthly,副词的用法,修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句等,eg. 1. Dont talk loudly in the public. 2. He is seriously ill, so he cant go to school. 3. He drives