高考英语总复习 语法专题 十 特殊句式课件 北师大版

专题十 特殊句式,-2-,基础考法,能力考法,考法1 考查强调句型 高考主要考查强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他.”中的it和that/who。 【典型例题1】(2013重庆卷改编)It was with the help of the local guide the mountain climber was rescued. 解析:句意:正是在当地导游的帮助下,这个登山者才得以获救。去掉It was及设空处后,该句可还原为“The mountain climber was rescued with the help of the local guide.”,句子结构及句意依然完整,由此可知,本句为强调句,故填that。 考法总结设空处无提示词,去掉It was及设空处后句子结构及意义仍完整,即可确定题干为强调句,设空处为强调句的连接词,故可得出答案为that。,-3-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题2】(2016天津卷改编)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists. 解析:第二句句意:长途汽车是在宾馆那里接游客的。本句的被强调部分是at the hotel。故填that。 考法总结强调句的判断方法是将It/is/was与that/who去掉后,句子意思依然清楚,结构依然完整。经判断“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整,句意明确,故本句是强调句。,-4-,基础考法,能力考法,考法2 考查倒装 在语法填空及短文改错题型中,对倒装句的考查较少,但有可能会考查部分倒装中助动词以及系动词的使用。 【典型例题3】(2013江西卷改编)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness I speak to him again. 解析:句意:只有当他为自己的无礼道歉时,我才会再跟他说话。当“only+状语(从句)”位于句首时,主句要部分倒装,即将助动词提至主语之前。根据句意可以判断,此处应该是对将来事情的叙述。故使用将来时态,因此填will。 考法总结only when位于句子开头,该句可能是部分倒装句式;然后根据句意推测出主句应用一般将来时。,-5-,基础考法,能力考法,考法3 考查其他特殊句式 在语法填空题型中,除了可能考查强调句和倒装句之外,祈使句也可能会考查到,主要考查点有: (1)根据句式特点判断是祈使句还是状语成分。 (2)固定句型:“祈使句(或名词词组)+and/or+陈述句”。 【典型例题4】(2014大纲全国卷改编) (call) me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result. 解析:此处是“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,该句式相当于“if从句+主句”。句意:明天给我打电话,我会让你知道实验结果。故答案为Call。 考法总结and前面的分句没有主语,考虑此处为“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,设空处位于句首,因此用动词原形。,-6-,基础考法,能力考法,考法1 熟记句型结构,轻松确定答案 常考的特殊句式都有一定的规律和句式结构,只要平时记住这些规律和特征,便可轻松确定答案。比如强调句基本结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who.”,其判断方法为:若去掉It is/was和that/who之后,句子仍完整,则题干为强调句。 【典型例题1】(2014湖南卷改编)Its not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do makes life happy. 解析:句意:使生活变得快乐的不是做喜欢做的事情,而是乐于做我们不得不做的事情。将Its及设空处去掉,题干可还原成:Not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.句子结构及意义依然完整,可判断本句为强调句型。故填that。,基础考法,能力考法,考法2 巧用还原法,化难为易 对于一些特殊句型,一般情况下,考生可以把它还原为正常句型,如把倒装语序还原为正常语序,把省略句补全等,便能大大降低解题难度。 【典型例题2】At the top of the hill (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city. 解析:当介词短语置于句首时,句子应用完全倒装,去除修饰部分which has a wonderful view of the whole city后,还原成正常语序为:An old cottage (lie)at the top of the hill.句意:山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老小屋。结合定语从句的时态可以判断,此处应用一般现在时。故填lies。,-8-,1.(2016全国卷改编)It could be anything,but whatever it is, (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 2.In the terrorist attack,from the national stadium to the theater,there is a smell of blood in the air. is fear.,make 考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知,but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中,whatever引导让步状语从句,其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make。,So 考查倒装句。句意:在这场恐怖袭击中,从国家体育场到剧院空气中弥漫着血腥味,还有恐惧。根据句意可知,空处应填So,“so+be动词+主语”表示前面所叙述的情况也适用于后者。,-9-,3. seems to be an intense competition among students to enter a key university.,There 考查there be句型。句意:学生们进入重点大学的竞争似乎很激烈。此处考查there be句型。,4.I recently saw a picture of me before my operation,and I know a big job my chief doctor did. 5.It is only when you nearly lose someone you become fully aware of how much you value him.,what 考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知,此处为感叹句,what引起的感叹句的结构为:what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数。故填what。,that 考查强调句。句意:只有当你几乎失去某个人时,你才能充分认识到你是多么在乎他。分析句子结构可知,这是一个强调句,“It is+被强调部分+that”,此处强调时间状语,所以空格处填that。,-10-,6.Beer bottles can be recycled but they need cleaning thoroughly, they?,dont 考查反意疑问句。句意:啤酒瓶可以回收利用,但需要彻底清洗,是不是?根据句子结构判断,此处为反意疑问句,其陈述部分是并列句,附加问句与邻近分句一致,即动词取决于实义动词need。故填助动词dont。,7.The parents didnt tolerate their kids rudeness at the party,nor they allow themselves to be disobeyed.,did 考查倒装句。句意:父母们不允许他们的孩子在聚会上表现得没礼貌,也不允许自己的命令不被服从。根据句意可知,这里表示“既不也不”,当否定词nor被放在句首时,该句要用部分倒装;由didnt可知此处应用一般过去时。故填did。,-11-,8. Jason shared his ideas with us,we would have made more progress. 9.It is people wearing “uncomfortable looking” shoes tend to have “calm” personalities,according to the research.,Had 考查倒装句。句意:如果杰森和我们分享了他的想法,我们会取得更大的进步。分析句子结构和根据句意可知,此处考查虚拟语气中的倒装,if虚拟条件句中有had,should,were时,if可省略,从句中的主谓要倒装,这里表示与过去事实相反,所以用Had。,that/who 考查强调句。分析该句结构可知,该句为强调句型“It is.that/who.”,被强调部分为:people wearing “uncomfortable looking” shoes。故填that/who。,-12-,10.On top of the hill (stand) a temple,which dates back to the ages of the Song Dynasty.,stands 考查倒装句。句意:在山顶上有一座寺庙,它始建于宋朝。表示地点的介词短语位于句首,句子要完全倒装;句子主语是a temple,故stand要用第三人称单数形式。,-13-,1.It was Susans guidance which made me a better speaker and full of confidence. 2.As the proverb says,“Where there has a will,theres a way.” 3.Thank you,Tom.But could you tell me where it was you found my wallet?,whichthat 考查强调句。分析句子结构可知,本句是一个强调句,被强调部分是“Susans guidance”,指物,故将which改为that。,hasis 考查there be句型。句意:正如谚语所说,“有志者,事竟成”。本处应用there be句型,根据a will可知,应将has改为is。,was后加that 考查强调句。句意:谢谢你,汤姆。但是你能告诉我你是在哪里找到我的钱包的吗?分析句子结构可知,后一句中用了特殊疑问句的强调句。,-14-,4.What surprising it is that Bill shouldnt realize what has happened! 5.Only when I walked into the classroom and took out the books I realize that I had left the English book at home.,WhatHow 考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知surprising为形容词,故此处应用how引起感叹句,故将What改为How。,books后加did 考查倒装句及时态。句意:直到我走进教室拿出书我才意识到我把英语书落在家里了。“Only+状语从句”置于句首时,主句需用部分倒装形式;再根据题干中的“had left”可以推断出应该用一般过去时,故在books后加did。,-15-,6.Mum,let us,Lily and me,go to visit the new provincial museum tomorrow,shall you?,shallwill 考查反意疑问句。句意:妈妈,明天让我和莉莉去参观新建的省博物馆,好吗?反意疑问句的陈述句部分是以let us开头的祈使句,其附加问句用will you,以lets开头的祈使句,附加问句用shall we。,7.It was not until the boat started to sink when I worried about my safety.,whenthat 考查强调句。句意:直到船开始下沉我才担心我的安全。本处是对“not until.”结构的强调句,被强调部分是时间状语,故用that。,-16-,8.Never does it occur to Andrew that he could be admitted to the famous company. 9.There will be an exciting football match in our school tomorrow,wont it?,doesdid 考查倒装句及时态。句意:安德鲁从来没有想到他会被这家有名的公司录用。never放在句首,句子要用部分倒装;根据语境及从句时态可知,主句用一般过去时,再由主句中的实义动词occur可知需用助动词did。,itthere 考查there be句型。句意:明天我们学校将有一场激动人心的足球赛,是不是?本题考查there be句型的反意疑问句,附加问句中应用there,故将it改为there。,-17-,10.So delighted was my cousins that they didnt hear the doorbell ringing.,waswere 考查倒装句。句意:我的堂兄妹非常高兴,都没有听到门铃响了。“so.that.”中的so位于句首,主句用倒装。本题中主句是系表结构,由cousins可知,应将was改为were。,-18-,Switzerland is famous 1. its watches.However,this country didnt invent the watch.It was the British who did it.Here is a story of how the watch 2. (bring) to Switzerland. Many years ago,3. Englishman travelled to Italy and on his way he stopped in a small town 4. (call) Geneva in Switzerland.This Englishman travelled in a carriage inside which there was a carriage watch.This was the 5. (early) kind of watch.A blacksmith happened to see the watch.He wondered what it was 6. asked the Englishman about it.“It is a carriage watch,” said the Englishman.“This machine can tell the time but now 7. isnt working.”,-19-,At once the man offered to try repairing it.So the 8. (travel) handed him the watch.The man was very clever.It was easy for him 9. (repair) it.He even remembered how it was made.And he made a watch of 10. (exact) the same type.,-20-,【解题导语】瑞士以手表而闻名于世,但是瑞士人并没有发明手表,手表是由英国人带入瑞士的。 1.for 考查介词。be famous for是固定