高考英语复习增分篇专题巧突破专题三阅读理解专题限时检测二十二阅读理解词义猜测类之短语猜测题或句意理解题.docx

专题限时检测(二十二)阅读理解词义猜测类之短语猜测题或句意理解题(加的为短语猜测题或句意理解题，本卷限时23分钟)A(2017南京市、盐城市高三模拟考试)Youve probably heard such reports. The number of college students majoring in the humanities (人文学科) is decreasing quickly. The news has caused a flood of highminded essays criticizing the development as a symbol of American decline.The bright side is this: The destruction of the humanities by the humanities is, finally, coming to an end. No more will literature, as part of an academic curriculum, put out the light of literature. No longer will the reading of, say, “King Lear” orDH. Lawrences “Women in Love” result in the annoying stuff of multiplechoice quizzes, exam essays and homework assignments.The discouraging fact is that for every college professor who made Shakespeare or Lawrence come alive for the lucky few, there were countless others who made the reading of literary masterpieces seem like two_hours_in_the_dentists_chair.The remarkably insignificant fact that, a halfcentury ago, 14% of the undergraduate population majored in the humanities (mostly in literature, but also in art, philosophy, history, classics and religion) as opposed to 7% today has given rise to serious reflections on the nature and purpose of an education in the liberal arts.Such reflections always come to the same conclusion: We are told that the lack of a formal education, mostly in literature, leads to numerous harmful personal conditions, such as the inability to think critically, to write clearly, to be curious about other people and places, to engage with great literature after graduation, to recognize truth, beauty and goodness.These serious anxieties are grand, admirably virtuous and virtuously admirable. They are also a mere fantasy.The college teaching of literature is a relatively recent phenomenon. Literature did not even become part of the university curriculum until the end of the 19th century. Before that, what came to be called the humanities consisted of learning Greek and Latin, while the Bible was studied in church as the necessary other half of a full education. No one ever thought of teaching novels, stories, poems or plays in a formal course of study. They were part of the leisure of everyday life.It was only after World War that the study of literature as a type of wisdom, relevant to actual, contemporary life, put down widespread institutional roots. Soldiers returning home in 1945 longed to make sense of their lives after what they had witnessed and survived. The abundant economy afforded them the opportunity and the time to do so. Majoring in English hit its peak, yet it was this very popularity of literature in the university that spelled its doom, as the academicization of literary art was accelerated.Literature changed my life long before I began to study it in college. Books took me far from myself into experiences that had nothing to do with my life, yet spoke to my life. But once in the college classroom, this precious, alternate life inside me got thrown back into that dimension of my existence that bored me. Homer, Chekhov and Yeats were reduced to right and wrong answers, clearcut themes and clever interpretations. If there is anything to worry about, it should be the disappearance of what used to be an important part of every highschool education: the literature survey course, where books were not academically taught but thoroughly introduced an experience unaffected by stupid commentary and useless testing.The literary classics are places of quiet, useless stillness in a world that despises (鄙视) any activity that is not profitable or productive. Literature is too sacred to be taught. It needs only to be read.Soon, if all goes well and literature at last disappears from the undergraduate curriculum my fingers are crossed increasing numbers of people will be able to say that reading the literary masterworks of the past outside the college classroom, simply in the course of living, is, in fact, their college classroom.1.The author mentions “two hours in the dentists chair” in Paragraph 3 to indicate that _.Athe average literature class in college is two hours longBreading literary works is made unbearable by professorsCit actually does not take long to read the classics of literatureDcollege students dont spend much time on literary masterworks解析：选B句意理解题。根据该部分所在的语境可知，部分幸运的学生能遇到把莎士比亚或劳伦斯讲得有声有色的教授，而不计其数的其他教授却让文学巨著的阅读变成一种煎熬。所以对某些学生来说教授们把文学阅读变成了一种令人难以忍受的经历。2The sharp drop in the number of majors in the humanities _.Ahas given rise to quite a shock in the intellectual worldBpromises the remarkable destruction of the humanitiesCshows more people read literature outside the classroomDhas caused the author to reflect on the nature of literary creation解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段中的“. as opposed to 7% today has given rise to serious reflections on the nature and purpose of an education in the liberal arts”可知，学习人文学科的学生人数急剧下降让知识界感到吃惊，并引起他们的反思。3Which of the following opinions may the author hold?AThe disappearance of literature should be strongly applauded.BLiterature teaching can improve our critical thinking ability.CReading literature doesnt require specialized knowledge and skills.DLiterature should be taught through analyzing different writing styles.解析：选C推理判断题。结合作者的阅读经历，尤其是倒数第二段中的“Literature is too sacred to be taught. It needs only to be read.”可知，作者认为文学是不需要教的，只需要读。因此作者认为文学阅读不需要什么特别的知识和技能。4According to the author, the problem of literature teaching lies in the fact that _.Ait is a relatively recent phenomenon in educationBliterature teaching is not profitable or productiveCpeople are interested in something more practicalDit is turned into a soulless competition for grades解析：选D推理判断题。根据倒数第三段，尤其是其中的“. an experience unaffected by stupid commentary and useless testing”可知，当今文学教学存在的问题是它把文学变成了学生分数上的一种竞争。5What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?ATo urge college students to read more literary classics.BTo introduce the present situation of literature teaching.CTo voice his opinion on the shrinkage of literature teaching.DTo show his serious concern for college literature teaching.解析：选C作者意图题。纵观全文，作者就文学教学的衰落发表了自己的观点，所以选择C。6The overall tone of the passage is _.AskepticalBsympatheticCaggressive Dstraightforward解析：选D作者态度题。结合全文，作者对目前文学教学所存在的问题坦率地表明了自己的观点，所以选择D。skeptical“怀疑的”；sympathetic“同情的”；aggressive“有攻击性的”；straightforward“率直的，坦率的”。B(2017江苏省高考名校联考)How does the media affect our lives? Does it influence our thinking and behavior? What are the negative influences of the media? Read on to find the negative influences of the media on society you never thought about.The media has negative effects on the physical and psychological wellbeing of society. People spending hours in front of a television or surfing the Internet experience eye problems. Lack of physical activity leads to obesity problems. The media influences public opinion and impacts the choices that people make. The media has led to a general opinion that thin is in and fat is out. This makes the overweight feel out of place. They are ready to starve themselves to lose weight, which has led to increasing cases of eating disorders. In a survey done on fifth graders, it was found that kids had become dissatisfied with their bodies after watching a video of a certain very popular model.The media has, in its own way, changed peoples outlook on life. It is the interface (界面) through which millions look at the world outside. The media claims to describe the “today”， but not all types of media show the truth. With the intention of stressing their point or grabbing greater attention from the masses, the media exaggerates (夸大) things to a certain degree. Not everyone is able to filter_out that element. Most believe everything to be real, especially kids and teenagers.Vampires, werewolves, witches, ghosts where did they come from? Fairies, superheroes, angels where did they come from? Its not only the media to be blamed, as these characters belong to folklore, but the media did play a role in spreading these characters and making them seem real. These characters enter our world through books and movies. There is no denying that they have amusement value. But isnt it too much to blindly believe that they exist?The media is so overwhelming that the masses end up believing everything it says or shows. Media sources are so many in number and all of them so convincingly make their point that it is hard to distinguish between right and wrong. The media is constantly offering us too much information. How far do we go to check its authenticity? How deep do we dig to get to the root of something thats making news? How critically do we judge the reality of reality shows and the truth behind true stories? We dont think, we believe. We dont judge, we get influenced. And thats how impactive the media is.While a certain amount of exposure to the media is essential for introducing ourselves to the world outside, excessive exposure, uncontrolled access and belief without thought wont lead us anywhere. They will only make the negative effect of the media more obvious. To keep yourself from being harmed by the media, youre advised to limit media exposure and choose what to watch properly. News sources often provide you with the same negative stories over and over again, in order to increase the impact. Sometimes, small incidents or events in the lives of celebrities and politicians are advertised a lot, in order to make them draw more attention. Avoid watching such programs or news. Instead, watch good programs that carry healthy content, engage in positive activities, and encourage others to do the same. As a responsible adult, exercise control on the media exposure that kids and teenagers get.Media descriptions give rise to stereotypes, affecting your mindset. Advertisements carry subliminal (潜意识的) messages influencing buyers psychology, or carry direct messages that bear a negative influence. Its not possible to protect yourself completely from the effects of the media, even if you limit the exposure. And there are so many things you see around you, without choosing to watch them. The only way to protect yourself from them is to not allow them to influence you. Dont take media portrayals at their word. Dont believe in them without thinking. Think twice before following or falling for anything. Put things into perspective, and dont let the media influence you to do the wrong things.语篇解读：媒体为了达到某一目的，往往会对人们造成误导，其负面影响很大。因此人们对媒体所传达的信息要进行理智的思考和判断，决不能盲目相信。7What impact does the media have on peoples health?AIt misshapes peoples concept of beauty.BIt disturbs peoples sleeping routines.CIt makes people addicted to unhealthy junk food.DIt raises peoples awareness of exercise.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The media influences public opinion and impacts the choices that people make.The media has led to a general opinion that thin is in and fat is out .”可知，媒体影响公众的观点以及人们所作出的选择，媒体导致公众认为“瘦是时尚，胖是落伍”，这使得人们饿着减肥，从而导致饮食紊乱。由此可知，媒体会使人们形成有关美的错误观念。故选A。8.Which word can replace the underlined part “filter out” in Paragraph 3?AAccept.BConvey.CRemove. DInterpret.解析：选C短语猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“With the intention of stressing their point or grabbing greater attention from the masses, the media exaggerates (夸大) things to a certain degree.”和“Most believe everything to be real, especially kids and teenagers.”可知，为了吸引大众更多的关注，媒体会在一定程度上夸大事物，而不是每个人都能够去除夸大这种因素的影响。大部分人认为一切都是真的，尤其是孩子和青少年。由此可推知画线部分的意思是“过滤掉，去除”，与remove的意思相近。故选C。9What may make it difficult to tell the reliability of media information?AThe information overload.BBlind faith in the media.CLack of relative background knowledge.DThe ambiguity of information itself.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The media is so overwhelming .The media is constantly offering us too much information.”可知，媒体以压倒性的数量优势使人们相信它所说的和所展示的东西。媒体信息来源的数量之多、其阐述观点的说服力之强使得人们很难辨别信息的真假。且媒体仍在不断地给我们提供大量的信息。由此可推知，媒体提供信息的数量之多可能是导致人们很难辨别信息的可信度的原因。故选A。10What message does the author want to convey in Paragraph 6?AMore haste, less speed.BEvery coin has two sides.CA watched pot never boils.DLearn to walk before you run.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第六段的内容可知，适度接触媒体对我们接触外面的世界完全是必要的，但过多的、毫无节制的接触对我们则无益处，会对我们产生消极的影响。由此可知，B项“事物都有两面性”符合题意。A项意为“欲速则不达”；C项意为“心急水不开；心急吃不了热豆腐”；D项意为“先学走再学跑；循序渐进”。11What is the last but one paragraph mainly about?AFeatures of information in the news media.BTips on choosing proper programs to watch.CImportance of restricting ones media exposure.DWays to avoid the negative influence of the media.解析：选D段落大意题。根据倒数第二段中的“youre advised to limit media exposure and choose what to watch properly”和“Avoid watching such programs or news. Instead, watch good programs that carry healthy content, engage in positive activities .”及“exercise control on the media exposure that kids and teenagers get”可知，本段主要讲述的是规避媒体的消极影响的方法。故选D。12What does the author advise people to do in the last paragraph?ANever trust what the media says.BDont be too curious about things around.CDevelop their selfdiscipline and selfcontrol.DUse their own judgment correctly in face of the media.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The only way to protect yourself .Think twice before following or falling for anything .”可知，作者建议人们不要被媒体的描述所欺骗，不要盲目相信媒体所报道的，要有自己的判断，也就是说人们在媒体(信息)面前，要正确运用自己的判断。故选D。C(2017江苏省高考名校联考)Many artists lived in the Greenwich Village area of New York. Two young women named Sue and Johnsy shared a studio apartment at the top of a threestory building. In November, a cold, unseen stranger came. It was a disease, pneumonia, which killed many people.Johnsy lay on her bed, hardly moving. One morning, a doctor examined Johnsy and took her temperature. Then he spoke with Sue in another room. “She has one chance in ten，” he said. “She can hardly make it.” After the doctor had gone, Sue went into the workroom and cried. Then she went to Johnsys room with her drawing board. She began making a penandink drawing for a story in a magazine. After a while, Sue heard a low sound, several times repeated. She went quickly to the bedside.Johnsys eyes were open wide. She was looking out the window and counting counting backward.“Ten，” she said, and a little later “nine”； and then “eight” and “seven”， almost together. Sue looked out the window. What was there to count? There was only an empty yard with an old ivy vine (常春藤), which went bad at the roots and climbed halfway up the wall. The cold breath of autumn had struck leaves from the plant until its branches, almost bare, hung on the bricks.“Six leaves are still there，” said Johnsy, quietly. “When the last one falls, I must go, too. Ive known that for three days. Didnt the doctor tell you？”“Dont be silly，” said Sue. “Try to eat some soup now. And, let me go back to my painting, so I can sell it to the magazine and buy food and wine for us. I must call Mister Behrman up to be my model.”Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor of the apartment building. Behrman was a failure in art. For years, he had always been planning to paint a work of art, but had never yet begun it. He earned a little money by serving as a model for artists who could not pay for a professional model.Sue found Behrman in his room, where in one area was a blank canvas (画布) that had been waiting twentyfive years for the first line of paint. Sue told him about Johnsy and how she feared that her friend would float away like a leaf. Old Behrman yelled, “Miss Johnsy should not be so sick! Someday I will paint a masterpiece, and we shall all go away.” Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs. Sue pulled the shade down to cover the window. She and Behrman went into the other room. They looked out a window fearfully at the ivy vine. Then_they_looked_at_each_other_without_speaking. A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow. Behrman sat and posed as a miner.The next morning, Sue awoke after an hours sleep. She found Johnsy with wideopen eyes staring at the covered window. “Pull up the shade; I want to see，” she ordered, quietly. Sue obeyed. “Theres still one？” said Johnsy. “I thought it would fall during the night. I heard the wind.”The next morning, when it was light, the ivy leaf was still there. Johnsy lay for a long time. And then she called to Sue, who was preparing chicken soup. “Would you please bring me a little soup now？” asked Johnsy.Later in the day, the doctor came. “Even chances，” said the doctor. “With good care, youll win. And now I must see another case, Behrman, which is severe.”Later that day, Sue came up to Johnsy, and put one arm around her. “Mister Behrman died of pneumonia today，” she said. “He was sick for only two days. They found him on the morning of the first day very weak, and his shoes and clothing were completely wet and icy cold. Do you know why? Look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Didnt you wonder why it never moved when the wind blew? Behrman painted it there the night when the last leaf fell.”语篇解读：本文是记叙文。为了挽救患肺炎而奄奄一息的Johnsy的生命，Behrman先生在风雨交加的夜晚往墙上画了一片常春藤叶，给了Johnsy生的信念，而他自己却染上肺炎，不幸离开了人世。13What