法律英语教程齐筠课后答案.doc

Unit One Legal SystemListening I. c a d a bII. statutes, constitutions, cite, interpreted, civil, cases, liability, created, modified, repealedText A.Building up your vocabularyI. Match the items in the following two columnsA-civil law b-code c-validity d-jurisdiction e-cluster f-decree g-codification h-statute i-parliament j-legislatureII. Fill in the blanks:1. subdivision 2. maxim 3. federal 4. enforcement 5. statutes 6. precedent 7. Legislation 8.Stare decisis 9. legal ,legal 10. judicial , judicialClozeDocuments lawsuit trial attorneys advisors, Clients juries alternative practice representationTranslation 1. 根据美国宪法，联邦政府分为行政、立法和司法三大部门，每个部门都被认为是独立的，并且能够相互制衡。 2. 通常有三类案件可以到达最高法院，即：牵涉到诉讼当事人分属不同的州的案件，牵涉到解释联邦法案的案件和解释美国宪法的案件。3. 大律师事务所的律师平均收入最高；他们常常代理那些最有钱且最有社会地位的当事人；而且同高层次的法官和政府官员有着密切的联系。个人执业者和小律师事务所的律师收入最低，代理那些既没钱又没社会地位的当事人，而且主要同最低级别的法院和行政机构打交道。4. 州立大学的法学院倾向于集中在一些传统的法律课程上：契约、侵权行为、宪法、诉讼程序、财产、遗嘱、信托与遗产、公司、合伙、代理、国际法、海商法、劳动法、行政法；私立法学院由于规模略小且师生人数比例一般较大，故有条件开设品种更多的课程，在新的、开拓中的领域尤其如此。这些私立法学院的课程目录中都列有诸如精神病学与法学、法学与社会学、城市法、贫困法、环境法、城市财政、土地规划等方面的课程或研讨班。5. 英美法系的法官比起他们大陆法系的同行们来威信更高，其部分原因在于人们一般都觉得只有较优秀的律师才能当得上法官。尽管任命和遴选有其政治背景，这一结论恐怕还是大致符合实际情况的。Text BCheck Your Understanding. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.TBuilding up your vocabulary.I. Give the corresponding translation of each of the following terms.EnglishChinesejurisdiction司法权writ of certiorari诉讼文件案卷调取令session开庭Circuit court巡回法庭Claims Court求偿法院petition诉状arbiter仲裁者felony重罪Appellate Courts上诉法院conviction定罪 misdemeanors轻罪II. Put the following terms into Chinese.Probate or surrogates courts遗嘱检验法庭 juvenile courts少年法庭Tax Court税务法院 Court of International Trade国际贸易法院Bankrupcy Courts破产法院 appellate court巡回法院Attorney General司法部长 Court of Military Appeals军事上诉法院The Corut of Veterans Appeals退伍军人上诉法院 Trial court受理法院Translation 1. The National Peoples Congress (NPC) is the highest institution of state power and together with its permanent body - the Standing Committee of the NPC, exercises the legislative power of the state. 2. The NPC Standing Committees power of legislation is not without restraints. Compared with the legislative power of the NPC, the Standing Committee may not amend the Constitution. But it is authorized:(1) to interpret the Constitution and supervise its enforcement;(2) to enact and amend laws, with the exception of those which should be enacted by the NPC;(3) to partially supplement and amend, when the NPC is not in session, laws enacted by the NPC provided that the basic principles of these laws are not contravened;(4) to interpret laws.3. In accordance with the structure of the lawmaking powers, Chinese law can be divided into four levels, i.e., the Constitution, laws adopted by the NPC and its Standing Committee, administrative regulations adopted by the State Council and local regulations by the peoples congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and cities. 4. General laws include the Constitution, the General Principles of Civil Law, the Civil Procedure Law, and the Criminal Law etc. Special legislation include legislation dealing with foreign investments, such as the Joint Venture Law, the Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises Law, the Foreign Economic Contract Law, and legislation governing matters such as registration of business, labor and management, taxation, exchange control, financial matters, customs duties etc. Unit Two CONSTITUTIONAL LAWListening I.Spot dictation.Declaration, human, political, assume, nature, impel, self-evident, Creator, unalienable, institute, Prudence, abolishing , throw off , usurpations II. Compound dictation.a fundamental right the right to be left aloneno explicit guarantee of privacy in the Constitutionsource of privacy secured by the First Amendmentunreasonable searches and seizuresTEXT A Building up your vocabularyI. Match the items in the following two columns.1.k 2.g 3.b 4.f 5.j 6.l 7.h 8.a 9.e 10.d 11.c 12.i II.Fill in the blanks 1. ascertaining, 2. statutory interpretation.3. prolixity, a ready solution 4. power of the purse, commander-in-chief 5. checks and balances 6. unreasonable searches and seizures7. standing 8. elimination of racial discrimination, accommodation, badges of servitude Clozecommitment, majority, To that end, .a democratic society, Litigants, preferential treatment, strict neutrality, at taxpayer expense, violating, state legislatures, ruled Translation 任何人恶意或故意地以过高或异常的噪音，以喧闹或无理的行为，以威胁、诽谤、争吵、挑衅、斗殴行为扰乱周围地区或个人的宁静或平静；或在非自治乡镇的街道或公路上为赌博或娱乐进行赛马，在这样的乡镇开枪，在妇女儿童面前或可听到的范围内大声使用粗俗、亵渎、或不雅的语言，均构成轻罪。经由有资格管辖的法院判决，应处以不超过200元的罚金，或不超过90天的县监狱监禁，或者可并处罚金与监禁，或由法院自由裁量，二择其一。TEXT B Check your understanding1 T 2 F3 T4 T5 F6 F7 F8 T9 T10 F11 F12 TBuilding up your vocabularyI. Give the English Version to the following legal terms. English ChineseFreedom of speech, press, and assembly言论、出版、与集会自由Right of privacy隐私权Racial discrimination种族歧视The right to trial by jury接受陪审团审判的权利Judicial review司法审查Minority right 少数民族的权利Right to legal equality平等权racial diversity种族的多样性Freedom of religious exercise宗教信仰自由Right to counsel / an attorney聘请律师辩护的权利Unlawful detention, deprivation, or restriction非法拘禁、剥夺或者限制Civil rights公民权利personal dignity人格尊严constitutionality合宪性suffrage选举权；投票权privilege against self-incrimination反对自我归罪的权利association, procession and demonstration结社、游行、示威权The Bill of Rights权利法案unlawful search of the person of citizens非法搜查公民的身体amendment修正案2. Put the following terms into Chinese: direct democracy 直接民主checks and balances相互制衡voting qualifications投票资格 amending process of the Constitution宪法的修正程序due process正当程序 the right to bear arms持枪权the doctrine of constitutional supremacy 宪法至上原则 process of impeachment 弹劾程序 personal stake 个人利害关系two-chamber legislature 两院立法机构 judiciary司法制度；司法体系；司法机构 the separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers 立法、行政、司法权的分立Translation 1. Article 33 Anybody who holds the nationality of the Peoples Republic of China is a citizen of the Peoples Republic of China. All citizens of the Peoples Republic of China are equal before the law. Every citizen has the rights and at the same time shall perform the duties prescribed by the Constitution and the laws. 2. Article 34 Citizens of the Peoples Republic of China whoever have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of ethnic status, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property status or length of residence, except persons deprived of political rights according to law. 3. Article 35 Citizens of the Peoples Republic of China enjoy freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession and of demonstration. 4. Article 36 Citizens of the Peoples Republic of China enjoy freedom of religious belief. No state organ, public organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not believe in, any religion; nor may they discriminate against citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion. The state protects normal religious activities. No one may make use of religion to engage in activities that disrupt public order, impair the health of citizens or interfere with the educational system of the state. Religious bodies and religious affairs are not subject to any foreign domination. 5. Article 37 Freedom of the person of citizens of the Peoples Republic of China is inviolable. No citizens may be arrested except with the approval or by decision of a peoples procuratorate or by decision of a peoples court, and arrests must be made by a public security organ. Unlawful detention or deprivation or restriction of citizens freedom of the person by other means is prohibited, and unlawful search of the person of citizens is prohibited. 6. Article 38 The residences of citizens of the Peoples Republic of China are inviolable. Unlawful search of, or intrusion into, a citizens residence is prohibited. Unit Three Criminal LawWarming-up Exercises.I. F, T, T, F, T, F, FIIcriminal, damages, distinction, wrong, prosecution, victim, against, difference, as, civil Text ABuild up your vocabularyI.Match the items in the following two columns.1. e 2.g 3. d 4. f. 5.a 6. h 7. i 8. j 9. b 10. cII.Fill in the Blanks .1.unishable 2.statutes 3.imposition 4. violation 5. committed 6.prosecution 7.substantive 8.felonies 9.jurisdiction 10.liableClozestatut,accused, jurisdiction, property, fraud, constitute, offense, commit,criminal, enactment,prosecutionTranslation1 根据标准刑法典的规定，故意的意思是：当（1）若一个要件含有行为人行为的性质或结果，他的主观目的则是从事该性质的行为或造成该结果；以及（2）若一个要件含有若干伴随情形，他则意识到该等情形的存在并且相信或希望该等情形存在时，一个人的行为构成针对一重要要件的行为意图。2 布莱克斯通把重罪仅仅界定为一种由社会共同承担抓捕罪犯责任的制度，该制度是威廉一世为保护入侵敌对国家的诺曼第人而设立，在英国一直持续到17世纪。3 同一行为常常同时构成刑事犯罪和民事不法行为，最突出的表现是，在控告不成或作出不控告决定后，受害人或其家庭会对所指称的加害人提出民事诉讼要求损害赔偿；但我们仍然可以提出将一个行为作为刑事犯罪加以定义和对待和将其作为民事不法行为加以定义和对待的区别是什么。4 对犯罪定义的规定的一般目的是：(1) 禁止和阻止对个人或公共利益的不正当和没有理由的侵害或潜在的实质性的损害的行为；(2) 置行为显示其有可能犯罪的人于公众监控之下；(3) 保证无过错行为不被宣判刑事违法；(4) 对公布构成犯罪的行为的性质给予合理的提示；(5) 合理区分重罪和轻罪。Text BCheck Your Understanding1T 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8.T Build up Your VocabularyI Give the corresponding translation of each of the following terms: English Chinese legal consequence 法律后果 strict liability 严格责任 mistake of fact 事实错误 minor 未成年人 crime of negligence 过失犯罪 civil damages 民事损害赔偿 motive 动机 material matter 重要事项 Guilty minds 犯意 specific intent 特定故意 II. Put the following terms into Chinese:1. grading systems分级制2. first degree murder 一级谋杀3. retributive sentence 惩罚性刑法4. aggravated assault 严重伤害5. peremptory challenges 绝对回避6. presumption of innocence 无罪推定7. case at bar 正在审理中的案件8. case of first impression 未有先例的案件9. verdict of acquittal 无罪裁决10. verdict of guilty 有罪裁决Translation1. Under Article 231 of Criminal Law of the Peoples Republic of China, whoever uses on identical commodities the trademark which is identical to the registered trademark without the permit of the registrant shall be sentenced to up-to-three-year imprisonment or criminal detention, or may be concurrently or exclusively be sentenced to a fine if the circumstances are serious, and shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of more than three years but not more than seven years and a fine concurrently if the circumstances are particularly serious.2 If an act in fact results in harmful consequences due to unavoidable or unforeseeable causes rather than intent or negligence, it shall not be deemed a crime.3 Whoever takes public or private property by force, threat or other methods shall constitute the crime of property violation and whoever, by means of force or threat, obstructs a state functionary from carrying out his functions according to law shall constitute the crime of disturbing public order.4 A criminal who is liable for civil damages and is at the same time sentenced to a fine and whose property is not sufficient to pay the civil damages in full or sentenced to a confiscation of property shall first undertake his liability to the victim for civil compensationUnit Four Criminal Procedure Law Listening I.sentences, conduct, abuse and unfairness, maximum and minimum, penalty, inmate behavior, liberal and conservative, draft legislation, abandoned. II.(1)Substantive penal law and constitutional law.(2)There is no one single system.(3)Each of the 50 states, as well as the District of Columbia and the central federal government, has its own legislature, penal laws, and criminal justice system(4)The primary responsibility of controlling criminality and defining crime.Text ABuilding up you vocabulary.I.March the items in the following two columns1-o, 2-c, 3-p, 4-n , 5- e, 6-a , 7-f , 8- b, 9-m, 10-g , 11-j, 12-i , 13-l , 14-d , 15-h , 16-kII.Fill in the Blanks with the words or expressions given below. Changing the form if necessary:1. defendant 2. jurisprudence 3. grand jury, government tyranny.4. prosecution 5. the capital punishment6. conviction, proceeding 7. self-incrimination, 8. the nature of criminality9. governmental searches and seizures, 10. adversarialClozecivil liberty, searches and seizures, vague and broad, government conduct, unlawful, proof, provides, violation, inadmissible, prosecution, coupled, witness, appeared Translation重要证人的释放或羁押如果一方递交的正式书面陈述中显示某人的证词在刑事诉讼程序中很重要，而且如果情况表明发传票无法保证该人能出庭作证，审判人员可下令逮捕该人，并依照本章的3142款处置。如果能充分保证该证人能通过庭外作证提供证言，而且如果延时羁押并不一定能防止不公正，那么任何重要证人不得因未满足释放条件而被羁押。遵照联邦刑事诉讼规则，重要证人的释放可适当延期直到获得该证人的庭外作证。TEXT BCheck Your Understanding1. F2. T1. T2. F3. T4. T5. F6. T7. F8. FBuild Up Your VocabularyI.Give the corresponding translation of each of the following terms:EnglishChineseGuilty verdict有罪裁定 Criminal procedure刑事诉讼程序Double jeopardy双重危险 Beyond a reasonable doubt排除合理怀疑Arraignment提审，传讯 Right to remain silent沉默权Right to speedy trial快速审判权 Death sentence with a reprieve/ death sentence with a say of execution死刑缓期执行Voir dire选陪审员，预先审核陪审员 Termination of action诉讼终结Hearing听审，听证Presumption of innocence无罪推定Guilty plea认罪，有罪答辩II.Put the following terms into Chinese.dismissing an appeal驳回上诉appeal against conviction 不服定罪的上诉counter action 反诉effect of appeal上诉效力principal action/ action in chief主诉private prosecution/oneself action自诉appellant上诉人counter-charge/protest抗诉protestant抗诉人complaint/ caption起诉书/（起诉书上的）案件说明custody/ detention羁押/拘留inquisitorial system纠问制度appeal for mercy诉请宽刑instituting prosecution提起公诉bill of prosecution公诉书dossier案卷brief案情摘要major case主案件pending case待决案件adversary system抗辩制度defeat suit败诉案件hot criminal被警方通缉的罪犯commitment/commital/detention/custody关押监禁/拘留/羁押evidentiary presumption证据推定Translation 1 The aim of the Criminal Procedure Law of the Peoples Republic of China is: to ensure accurate and timely ascertainment of facts about crimes, correct application of law, punishment of criminals and protection of the innocent against being investigated for criminal responsibility; to enhance the citizens awareness of the need to abide by law and to fight vigorously against criminal acts in order to safeguard the socialist legal system, to protect the citizens personal rights; their property rights, democratic rights and other rights; and to guarantee smooth progress of the cause of socialist development. 2 The public security organs shall be responsible for investigation, detention, execution of arrests and preliminary inquiry in criminal cases. The Peoples Procuratorates shall be responsible for procuratorial work, authorizing approval of arrests, conducting investigation and initiating public prosecution of cases directly accepted by the procuratorial organs. The Peoples Courts shall be responsible for adjudication. Except as otherwise provided by law, no other organs, organizations or individuals shall have the authority to exercise such powers. 3 Defence lawyers may, with the consent of the witnesses or other units and individuals concerned, collect information pertaining to the current case from them and they may also apply to the Peoples Procuratorate or the Peoples Court for the collection and obtaining of evidence, or request the Peoples Court to inform the witnesses to appear in court and give testimony.4 During a trial, the defendant may refuse to have his defendant continue to defend him and may entrust his defence to another defender.Unit Five Civil procedural LawListeningI. 1.T, 2.F, 3.T, 4. F, 5.TII. the adversary, shaping, investigating, guiding, arise, manifold, contest, resolution, determination, battleText ABuild up your vocabularyI. Match the items in the following two columns.1-c 2-e 3-a 4-g 5-h 6-b 7-d 8-f 9-i 10-j II. Fill in the blanks 1. issue 2.dismissed 3.claim 4.represent 5.hearing 6.file 7.violation 8.substantive 9. entitled 10. remedy, remediesClozereflective, randomly, panel, criminal, plea, trial, Sitting, duty, contempt, justice Translation1. 民事案件是民事法院管理的因民事侵权行为而要求得到损害赔偿金的诉讼案件或法律诉讼。2. 如果被告声称彻底解决争议还必须有其他当事人，他可以将其他人作为第三人被告纳入该案。3. 民法调整的是涉及财产所有权、土地所有权、订立契约和履行契约、组织企事业、雇用劳力、买卖货物、结婚离婚、继承财产等人和人之间的主要社会关系。4. 当法院收到原告的起诉书以后，就会通知被告人已经有人对他提起法律诉讼，并指示被告人提交答辩书。5. 当辩论程序开始时，双方律师作首次发言，并通过安排自己一方的证人作证，展示物证和相互盘问对方证人等方式，分别为自己的一方提出证据，最后作结束性发言。Text BCheck your understanding1.T, 2. F, 3.T, 4.F, 5. T, 6.T, 7.T, 8.F, 9. F, 10.TBuilding up your vocabularyI. Give the corresponding translation of each of the following terms.EnglishChinesesummary judgment即决判决litigation process诉讼程序procedural device程序性手段jurisdictions管辖权testimony证词allegation指控deposition 作证affidavits宣誓书The court of Appeal上诉法院II. Put the following terms into Chinese. Some of them are not present in the text.affidavit宣誓书 injunction禁令affirmative defense积极抗辩 compensatory damages补偿性损害赔偿cross cllaim相互提出诉讼请求 declaratory judgment宣告式判决jurisdiction管辖权， 审判权 negligence过失punitive damages惩罚性的损害赔偿费 sanction制裁voir dire预先审核 directed