外研版]2013届高考英语一轮复习语法专题11正反解读名词性从句.ppt

高考英语一轮复习 语法专题,专题11 正反解读名词性从句,专题11 正反解读名词性从句,专题11 高考链接,12011山东卷 Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is he never finishes anything. Athat Bwhen Cwhere Dwhy,解析 D 考查表语从句的连接词。句意：恐怕与其说他是个实干家，不如说他是个空谈者，这就是为什么他从来都做不成什么事的原因。根据前后的逻辑应该选择表示原因的why。本句结构较为复杂，which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，why引导的从句又在这个定语从句中作表语。,专题11 高考链接,22011山东卷 Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it. Awhere Bwhat Cwhether Dwhich 解析 C 考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：我们已经为她提供了一份工作，但是不知道她是否接受。故选whether意为“是否”。,专题11 高考链接,32011四川卷 Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. Awhy Bhow Cwhat Dwhich 解析 C 考查名词性从句。介词in之后所接的宾语从句中缺少及物动词do的宾语，指事物，故填what。why为什么；how怎么样；which哪一个。,专题11 高考链接,42011江西卷 The villagers have already known _well do is to rebuild the bridge. Athis Bthat Cwhat Dwhich 解析 C 考查名词性从句的连接词。句意：村民们已经知道我们将要做的是要重修这座桥。在known后面的宾语从句中含有一个主语从句“_well do”，这个主语从句本身又缺少主语，what在这个主语从句中作主语，意为“所的事情”。故选C。,专题11 高考链接,52011江苏卷 It was never clear the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. Athat Bhow Cwhen Dwhy 解析 D 考查主语从句。it 为形式主语，真正主语为空格处以及后面的从句。,专题11 高考链接,专题11 考点归纳,名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四大类。它们遵守的共同规则如下： 规则1：连接词基本相同，它们是：从属连词that, whether, as if；连接代词what, who, whom, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 连接副词where, when, why, how, wherever, whenever。 规则2：从属连词that本身无意义，在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。,规则3：名词性从句中，除了连接词要提到句首之外，一律要用陈述句语序。 规则4：在动词“坚持(insist)、命令(order，command)、建议(suggest，advise，recommend)、要求(demand，require，request，ask)”后的宾语从句和这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句，以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分常用(should)do形式。如：,专题11 考点归纳,His advice is that everyone(should)do his best to help the poor girl. (表语从句) He advised that everyone(should)do his best to help the poor girl. (宾语从句) He made some advice that everyone(should)do his best to help the poor girl. (同位语从句) It was advised that everyone(should)do his best to help the poor girl. (主语从句),专题11 考点归纳, 考点一 主语从句 主语从句就是指在复合句中充当主语的句子。它由连词及连接代词，连接副词连接。 规则1：that连接从句时，从句为一个句意完整、语气确定的陈述句，而that没有具体意思，不充当任何句子成分，只是起标志性的作用，但that 不能省略。如： That he will come here to see us is certain. 规则2：whether连接从句时，从句的句意完整，但是语气不肯定，表示怀疑。whether不能省略，意为“是否”，在句首时不能用if替换。如： Whether he is free now is uncertain.,专题11 考点归纳,规则3：主语从句要用陈述句语序，即主谓语序。 规则4：由which, when, where, whether等引导的主语从句，可用it作形式主语。但如果是疑问句，就只能用it作形式主语。如： Whether hell come or not makes no difference.It doesnt make any difference whether hell come or not. Hasnt it been decided yet when and where well hold the sports meet?,专题11 考点归纳,但是，由what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句，必须置于谓语动词之前，不能用it作形式主语。如： Whatever was said here must be kept secret. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 规则5：几类it作形式主语的句型： (1)Its said/reported/written that据说(报道、记载) Its wellknown that众所周知 Its(so)happened that碰巧 (2)It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that事实是,专题11 考点归纳,(3)It is necessary that有必要 It is important that重要的是 It is obvious that很明显 (4)It occurred to me that我突然想起,专题11 考点归纳, 考点二 宾语从句 在复合句中充当宾语的句子称为宾语从句。 规则1：及物动词后跟两个(或两个以上)宾语从句时只有第一个连词that可以省略。如： He said(that)the text was important and that we should recite it.(第二个that不能省略) 规则2：某些表语形容词(如sure, certain, glad, surprised)之后也可带宾语从句。如： He was afraid that someone might find him.,专题11 考点归纳,规则3：whether与if都可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可以互换。但以下几种情况只能用whether： (1)作介词宾语时，连接词一般用whether。如： It all depends on whether they will come back. (2)后面直接跟or not 时，用whether。如： I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.,专题11 考点归纳,(3)主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，只能用whether。如： Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. (4)whether可与动词不定式连用，但if不能。如： I have not decided whether to go or not. (5)whether可引导一个让步状语从句，表示“不管，无论”，而if不能。如： Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.,专题11 考点归纳,规则4：若主句的主语为第一人称单数，谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语前，从句谓语用肯定式。如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这裙子不是很合你的身。,专题11 考点归纳,规则5：几类it作形式宾语的句型： (1)主语think/consider/find/feel/makeitadj./n.that从句。如： I really find it a pity that you didnt come to the party. (2)主语hate/dislike/love/likeitwhen从句表示对某一情况的喜好或厌恶。如： I hate it when people speak with their mouths full. (3)主语appreciateitif从句。如： I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.,专题11 考点归纳,(4)主语see to itthat从句(确保)。如： You must see to it that the doors are locked before you leave the lab. (5)主语rely on/depend on itthat从句。如： You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.,专题11 考点归纳, 考点三 表语从句 在复合句中充当表语的句子被称为表语从句。 规则1：that引导表语从句无任何意义，也不充当任何句子成分，通常不省略。如： My dream is that I will have my own company. 规则2：whether 引导表语从句(此时通常不可用if代替whether)。如： The problem is whether we can get there on time.,专题11 考点归纳,规则3：where 可表示抽象意义，“的地方，点”。如： You are saying everyone should be equal and this is where I disagree. Thats where you are mistaken.,专题11 考点归纳,规则4：几类常见的表语从句句型： (1)It looks/seems as if好像；仿佛 (2)This is because这是因为 (3)The reason whyis that的原因是 (4)That is why那是因为 (5)The question/problem is whether/when/where 问题是是否/何时/在哪里 (6)His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that 他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是,专题11 考点归纳, 考点四 同位语从句 解释说明复合句中某一个抽象名词的句子叫同位语从句，常见的抽象名词有：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise, word(消息)等。引导同位语从句的词通常有that，whether，how，when，where等。如： The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。 Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那边得知一条消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。,专题11 考点归纳,规则1：同位语从句的语气 在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。如： Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。 The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks. 政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。,专题11 考点归纳,规则2：that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别 同位语从句的引导词that 不充当从句的任何成分，即同位语从句本身是意义完整的陈述句，that不可省略。定语从句的关系代词that 代替先行词，在定语从句中充当主语或宾语及表语。如： The news that Yao Ming joined the Rocket really excited the Chinese basketball fans.(that 引导同位语从句，不可省) The news that I got on the CCTV was about Yao Ming.(that 作定语从句中got的宾语，可省。) The sports news that is about Yao Ming often attracts more attention.(that 作定语从句的主语，不可省。),专题11 考点归纳,专题11 反面解读,1what与that (1) 【误】 All what he did was for you. 【正】 What he did was for you. 【正】 All that he did was for you. (2) 【误】 I was thinking that I could do for you. 【正】 I was thinking what I could do for you.,解析 what引导名词性从句，what相当于the thing that/thethat/all that等，具体的意义要根据上下文确定。在名词性从句中，what既有意义，又在从句中作一定的成分，而that无意义，且在从句中不作成分。,专题11 反面解读,2who与 whoever 【误】 Who is the first to come will get a gift. 【正】 Whoever is the first to come will get a gift. 【正】 Anyone who is the first to come will get a gift. 解析 whoever引导名词性从句，意为“无论谁”，相当于anyone who；而who意为“谁”。,专题11 反面解读,3whether与if (1) 【误】 They dont know if to go there. 【正】 They dont know whether to go there. (2) 【误】 It depends on if we have enough time. 【正】 It depends on whether we have enough time. 解析 与to do不定式连用或作介词宾语时，连接词一般用whether，不用if。,专题11 反面解读,4whoever 与whomever 【误】 Please give the book to whomever needs it most. 【正】 Please give the book to whoever needs it most. 解析 此处，whoever在从句中作主语，因此不能用whomever。名词性从句引导词的选择要注意其意义及它在从句中所作的成分。,专题11 反面解读,5【误】 He will win the match is certain. 【正】 That he will win the match is certain. 【正】 It is certain that he will win the match. 解析 that位于句首引导主语从句时，不能省略。 6【误】 What we bought was some bananas. 【正】 What we bought were some bananas.