2019高考英语二轮复习专题1阅读理解考点4词义猜测题素能强化.docx

词义猜测题真题题组A(2017全国，B)I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City. When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me. I dont know how many people would have done that； they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers. The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors： humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心)of our relationship off the screen. We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success，you should put something backhe with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. I last saw him a few months ago. Hed been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didnt talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words. 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了与Paul的相识及与其建立友谊的原因，虽不常见面但是却因共同的信念而保持着友谊。Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first？ _C_APaul Newman wanted it. BThe studio powers didnt like his agent. CHe wasnt famous enough. DThe director recommended someone else. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me”可知，摄影棚起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。该题选C项。Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship？ _D_AThey were of the same age. BThey worked in the same theater. CThey were both good actors. DThey have similar characteristics. 解析：考查推理判断。根据文章第二段中的“We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors”可知，作者与Paul之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。故D项符合题意。What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to？ _A_ATheir belief. BTheir care for children. CTheir success. DTheir support for each other. 解析：考查代词指代。根据第三段中的“We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back”可知，下文的内容是对the belief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A项。What is the authors purpose in writing the text？ _B_ATo show his love of films. BTo remember a friend. CTo introduce a new movie. DTo share his acting experience. 解析：考查写作目的。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”以及最后一段中的“I last saw him a few months ago”可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友，所以选B项。B(2016全国，B)Five years ago，when I taught art at a school in Seattle，I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student，and said： “Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45minutes todayand 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week. ”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations. Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare，“But Im just not creative. ”“Do you dream at night when youre asleep？”“Oh，sure. ”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams. ” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “Thats pretty creative. Who does that for you？”“Nobody. I do it. ”“Reallyat night，when youre asleep？”“Sure. ” “Try doing it in the daytime，in class，okay？”文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者五年前在西雅图教学生们美术时所发生的事情，以及培养学生们的想象力的方法。The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to _A_Aknow more about the studentsBmake the lessons more excitingCraise the students interest in artDteach the students about toy design解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第一段第一句话的“to find out something about my students”可知，作者使用Tinkertoys是为了弄清楚有关学生们的一些事情。故选A项。What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3？ _D_AHe liked to help his teacher. BHe preferred to study alone. CHe was active in class. DHe was imaginative. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段第四句话“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work”可知，这个男孩儿非常具有创造性，故选D项。What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ _B_AMistake. BDrawback. CDifficulty. DBurden. 解析：考查词义猜测。根据下文的“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking”可知，作者冒着推动那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险。故可知该词的意思为“不足，缺点”，所以选B项。Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams？ _A_ATo help them to see their creativity. BTo find out about their sleeping habits. CTo help them to improve their memory. DTo find out about their ways of thinking. 解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Without fail one would declare，But Im just not creative. ”，及下文内容可推知，作者问学生们他们是否做梦了是为了让他们看到自己的创造力。故选A项。C(2017江苏，B)Before birth，babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning (胎教)，birds could rule_the_roost. As recently reported in The Auk： Ornithological Advances，some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch (孵化). Newborn chicks can then imitate their moms call within a few days of entering the world. This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer，a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia，and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched，the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothersa sound that served as their regular “feed me！” call. To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds，the researchers sought the redbacked fairy wren，another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity. It turns out that baby redbacked fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs，the more similar were the babies begging calls. In addition，the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their moms voice were rewarded with the most food. This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological (神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn. “As a parent，do you invest in quality children，or do you invest in children that are in need？” Kleindorfer asks. “Our results suggest that they might be going for quality. ”文章大意：研究发现胎教并非人类独有，一些鸟儿在这方面做得甚至更出色。The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“ _B_”. Abe the worst Bbe the bestCbe the as badDbe just as good解析：考查词义猜测。根据句中的转折词But与下文提到的鸟类在胎教方面做得很出色可知选择B。What are Kleindorfers findings based on？ _A_ASimilarities between the calls of moms and chicks. BThe observation of fairy wrens across Australia. CThe data collected from Queenslands locals. DControlled experiments on wrens and other birds. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二、三、四段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers”，第三段的最后一句及第四段的第二句可知，Kleindorfer的发现是基于母鸟与幼鸟发出的叫声的相似性的，因此本题答案为A。Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which _C_. Acan receive quality signalsBare in need of trainingCfit the environment better Dmake the loudest call解析：考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段的最后一句和最后一段中的“An evolutionary inference can then be drawn”可知，与母鸟的叫声最相似的幼鸟可以得到最多的食物，这也能说明它符合进化论的理论：适者生存，故本题答案为C。D(2016全国，B)On one of her trips to New York several years ago，Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side caf and within minutes，another customer was approaching their table. “Hey，arent you from Mississippi？” the elegant，whitehaired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “Im from Mississippi too. ”Without a second thought，the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair. “They began telling me all the news of Mississippi，” Welty said. “I didnt know what my New York friends were thinking. ”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave，it was pouring outside. Weltys new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel，her bigcity friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi. “My friend said：Now we believe your stories，” Welty added. “And I said： Now you know. These are the people that make me write them. ”Sitting on a sofa in her room，Welty，a slim figure in a simple gray dress，looked pleased with this explanation. “I dont make them up，” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I dont have to. ”Beauticians，bartenders，piano players and people with purple hats，Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends，from walks through the streets of her native Jackson，Miss，from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that，at 78，her left ear has now given out. Sometimes，sitting on a bus or a train，she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story. 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了美国著名女作家Eudora Welty在纽约的一次经历，并以此作为背景说明她的创作源于生活。hat happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe？ _A_ATwo strangers joined her. BHer childhood friends came in. CA heavy rain ruined the dinner. DSome people held a party there. 解析：考查细节理解。第三段中的“the woman”指的是第二段中的那个陌生人，根据第三段中的“When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair”可知，陌生女子的晚餐伙伴也加入了她们的行列中，故有两个陌生人加入到了Welty和朋友的晚餐中。The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Weltys _D_. Areaders BpartiesCfriends D stories解析：考查代词指代。画线词所在句“These are the people that make me write them”的主语These指的就是像那两位陌生人那样的人，换言之，这些新朋友就成了Welty笔下的写作素材，这些人就是让她写小说的人，故them指的是“小说”。What can we learn about the characters in Weltys fiction？ _C_AThey live in big cities. BThey are mostly women. CThey come from real life. DThey are pleasure seekers. 解析：考查推理判断。根据最后两段的内容可知，Welty小说中的人物源于真实生活。E(2017年11月浙江高考)When I was in fourth grade，I worked parttime as a paperboy. Mrs. Stanley was one of my customers. Shed watch me coming down her street，and by the time Id biked up to her doorstep，thered be a cold drink waiting. Id sit and drink while she talked. Mrs. Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband，“Mr. Stanley and I went shopping this morning，” shed say. The first time she said that，soda(汽水) went up my nose. I told my father how Mrs. Stanley talked as if Mr. Stanley were still alive. Dad said she was probably lonely，and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile，and maybe shed work_it_out_of_her_system. So thats what I did，and it turned out Dad was right. After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery(墓地). I finally quit delivering newspapers and didnt see Mrs. Stanley for several years. Then we crossed paths at a church fundraiser (募捐活动). She was spooning mashed potatoes and looking happy. Four years before，shed had to offer her paperboy a drink to have someone to talk with. Now she had friends. Her husband was gone，but life went on. I live in the city now，and my paperboy is a lady named Edna with three kids. She asks me how Im doing. When I dont say “fine，” she sticks around to hear my problems. Shes lived in the city most of her life，but she knows about community. Community isnt so much a place as it is a state of mind. You find it whenever people ask how youre doing because they care，and not because theyre getting paid to do so. Sometimes its good to just smile，nod your head and listen. 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者小时候作为报童倾听别人的诉说，而现在作者也会向送报纸的人诉说自己的困难的经历，并感慨在我们的社会中，人与人之间需要互相关爱。Why did soda go up the authors nose one time？ _B_AHe was talking fast. BHe was shocked. CHe was in a hurry. DHe was absentminded. 解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“her dead husband”可知，Stanley先生已经去世了，可是Stanley太太却说：“Stanley先生和我今天早上去购物了。”由此可推断出，Stanley太太的话使“我”很震惊。结合第三段父亲向“我”解释原因的内容也可以推知当时“我”是很震惊并迷惑不解的，所以选B项。Why did the author sit and listen to Mrs. Stanley according to Paragraph 3？ _B_AHe enjoyed the drink. BHe wanted to be helpful. CHe took the chance to rest. DHe tried to please his dad. 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段内容可知，“我”不理解为什么Stanley太太谈论Stanley先生时仿佛他还在世。“我”向父亲说了这件事并听从父亲的建议，静静地坐着倾听Stanley太太的诉说，“我”希望这是有帮助的。Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “work it out of her system”？ _A_Arecover from her sadnessBmove out of the neighborhoodCturn to her old friendsDspeak out about her past解析：考查词义猜测。根据第二至三段内容可知，Stanley太大刚开始无法接受丈夫去世的事实，常常向“我”倾诉她去世的丈夫的事，后来“我”接受了父亲的建议，静静地倾听她的诉说。结合第三段最后一句“After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery(墓地)”可知，不久之后，她慢慢地接受了丈夫去世的事实，从悲伤中恢复过来。What does the author think people in a community should do？AOpen up to others. BDepend on each other. CPay for others help. DCare about one another. 解析：考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容尤其是“You find it whenever people ask how youre doing because they care，and not because theyre getting paid to do so. Sometimes its good to just smile，nod your head and listen”可推知，在我们的社会中，人与人之间需要互相关爱，哪怕有时候仅仅是微笑、点头和倾听，这些都能够给别人以关心，由此选D项。模拟题组A(2018河北省五个一名校联盟二模)Imagine this scene： its blowing outside，and you snuggle(蜷伏) up on the sofa under a warm quilt，chatting and recalling with your closest friends. That content，cosy feeling，has a name in Danishhygge. And，as Denmark recently won the title of “the happiest country in the world”，the concept of hygge is known to more and more people interested in finding ways to understand this concept. Hyggeoriginally from a Norwegian word meaning wellbeingdoesnt have an exact equivalent(对应物) in English. Its often translated as coziness，or as blogger Anna West told the BBC，“coziness of the soul”. But，professor Maren Spark explains，“Hygge_was_never_meant_to_be_translated. It_was_meant_to_be_felt. ”Basically，hygge involves creating a warm，cosy atmosphere and enjoying it with your loved ones. Danish winters are long and dark，so achieving hygge is particularly relevant during this season. A typical hygge activity during winter could be enjoying delicious homemade food and lighthearted conversation with friendspreferably in the warm glow of candlelight，or maybe sipping a glass of wine in the hot tub after a day spent skiing. However，hygge isnt only limited to the cold winter monthsit can also describe that warm，fuzzy feeling you get after a walk through a forest with friends on a summers day or a family barbecue in the park. Hygge is meant to be shared. 文章大意：每年，丹麦人都会经历漫长而阴沉的冬日，可是丹麦却被认为是世界上最幸福的国家。文章向我们介绍了丹麦人是如何通过创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的。The author asks the readers to imagine the scene in the first paragraph to _B_. Ahelp the readers to calm downBintroduce the topic of the passageCpresent the main idea of the passageDremind the readers of their past memories解析：考查推理判断。由文章第一段和第二段可知，作者让读者想象这个情景是为了引出文章所要介绍的话题“hygge”。What do the underlined sentences by Maren Spark mean？ _D_AThe translation of the word “hygge” is not good enough. BOnly Danish speakers know what “hygge” means. C“Hygge” is easy to translate but hard to feel. DWe can get the true meaning of “hygge” by feeling it. 解析：考查句意理解。根据第三段可知，“hygge”这个词常被解释为“coziness”，下文由“But”引出“professor Maren Spark”的观点“hygge不应该被翻译，而应用来感受”。由此可知，我们只有通过感受才能理解“hygge”的真正内涵。Which of the following can be best described as a “hygge” activity？ _C_ASkiing in the cold winter months. BLiving through long dark winters. CTaking afternoon tea with friends. DWalking alone in the forest. 解析：考查推理判断。由倒数第二段的第一句可知，“hygge”与创造一个温暖舒适的氛围并与你爱的人一起分享有关。C项中的“Taking afternoon tea”符合“creating a warm，cosy atmosphere”，“friends”对应“your loved ones”。故选C项。The author writes this passage to _A_. Aexplain BpersuadeCcomment Dadvertise解析：考查写作目的。纵观全文可以看出，文章采用情景介绍、概念介绍、举例说明的方式向我们介绍了一种创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的生活方式：hygge。故选A项。B(2018石家庄市一模)Irelands Achill Island has always been a popular European tourist destination. However，since April in 2017，the small island of just 2,700 residents(居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago. The chain of events began in 1984 when residents of Dooagh，one of the settlements on the island，awoke to a surprising sight： their beautiful sandy beach had been washed away by strong Atlantic storms. There were only rocks and rock pools left. For about