2017年高考英语大冲刺备考“最后30天”专题五非谓语动词.docx

专题五 非谓语动词试题1 不定式、现在分词与过去分词的基本区别例 题I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed【解析】动词不定式表示未来的动作。例 题试题2 非谓语动词的主动式与被动式【答案】CWhen _help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “Its kind of you.”A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered【解析】当一个人说“谢谢”，应当是他被提供了帮助，所以要用过去分词，When offered help =When he is offered help例 题试题3 非谓语动词完成式【答案】DThe storm left, _a lot of damage to this area.A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused【解析】因The storm与cause是主动关系，排除选项A;不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除B和C;因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在结束之前，所以用完成式。例 题试题4 非谓语动词用作伴随状语【答案】D“You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran【解析】现在分词作伴随状语。试题5 非谓语动词用作目的状语例 题【答案】B_ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out【解析】作目的状语要用动词不定式。例 题试题6 非谓语动词用作结果状语【答案】AOil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching【解析】伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作结果状语。例 题试题7 非谓语动词用作宾语补足语【答案】BYou should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _often enough.A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained【解析】宾语it与explain是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，have sth done意为“请人做某事”。例 题试题8 非谓语动词的逻辑主语【答案】DWhile watching television, _.A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings【解析】因为watching的逻辑主语是we，排除选项A和B;又因在hear后作宾语补足语的是省略了to的不定式，所以选项D中的rings是错误的。例 题试题9 非谓语动词用作主语【答案】CIts necessary to be prepared for a job interview; _the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having【解析】动名词短语用作主语。试题10 “(be +) 过去分词+介词”结构例 题【答案】D_ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed【解析】由dress的宾语一定是人或oneself可知，dress与he是动宾关系，即he与dress是被动关系，要用过去分词作状语，Dressed in =As he is dressed in 【答案】A 基础回归一、非谓语动词的三种基本形式的含义to do：表示要做或去做，表个别行为，表目的。doing：表示做了，经常做，用来做，或一般行为（动名词）。表示主动含义“正在做”，形容词化翻译成“令人的”（现在分词）。done：表示被动含义“被做”或“已做”“已被做”，形容词化后翻译成“(某人)感到的”或“被的”或“已的”（表语、定语、状语）。二、非谓语动词的各种变形语态一般式完成式进行式to do主动语态to doto have doneto be doing被动语态to be doneto have been donedoing主动语态doinghaving done被动语态being donehaving been donedone被动语态done三、非谓语动词在句中功能（一）非谓语动词作状语1不定式作状语不定式作状语通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(2)目的(可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(3)结果(常表出乎意料的结果，常为only to do)。We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)To get there on time I got up very early.(目的)He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.(结果)2现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.由于不知怎么办才好，他去找他父母帮忙。(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didnt hear the sound.3独立主格结构作状语如果分词作状语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，须在分词前面加上它自己的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构，其作用相当于状语从句；有时也用with复合结构(with宾语宾语补足语)作状语。(1)名词/主格代词现在分词名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。The girl staring at him(As the girl stared at him)，he didnt know what to say. 女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。(2)名词/主格代词过去分词名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。The problems solved(As the problems were solved)，the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。(3)名词/主格代词不定式名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。He is going to make a model plane，some old parts to help.借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。(4)with复合结构(with宾语宾语补足语)作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系。With time passing by (time和pass之间为主动关系)，he almost forgot everything in the past.随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。He sat on the chair，with his hands tied(hands和tie之间为被动关系)behind his back.他坐在椅子上，双手在背后捆着。（二）非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语1非谓语动词作主语(1)Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.(动名词作主语)(2)To see is to believe. (不定式作主语)(3)It is important to respect people. (不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)(4)It is no use crying over spilt milk. (动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)2非谓语动词作表语(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答what引导的问句。(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。3非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语的主要是不定式和动名词(1)afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。(2)appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。（三）非谓语动词作宾语补足语1advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等动词后面常用不定式作补语。如：Tell the children not to play on the street.The police warned us not to go out at night.2make/let/have等使役动词后面用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动句中则使用带to的不定式。如：They make the students do too much homework every day.The students are made to do too much homework every day.3感官动词后面可用不带to的不定式或分词作补语。从时间上看，不定式表示发生或完成；现在分词强调正在进行；过去分词表示完成。从逻辑关系上看，不定式和现在分词与宾语之间存在着主谓关系；过去分词与宾语之间存在着动宾关系。如：I saw him cross the street.我看到他穿过了大街。I saw him crossing the street.我看到他正在穿过大街。I saw him surrounded by a group of students.我看到一群学生围着他。（四）非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式1非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。He pretended not to see me.I regret not following his advice.Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.2不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式。The boy pretended to be working hard.当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时，不定式要用完成式。I happened to have seen the film.当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。The patient asked to be operated on at once.3动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。We remembered having seen the film.He came to the party without being invited.He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.His not knowing English troubled him a lot.4现在分词的完成式和被动式。当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时，现在分词要用完成式。Having done his homework，he played basketball.当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。The problem being discussed is very important. 规范训练Having been told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake.一、选择题（20分/20min）1. The great hall was crowded with many people, _many children _on their parents laps.A .including; seatedB. including; seatingC. included; satD. included; sitting【解析】including为介词;由seat的用法可知,此处应用其过去分词形式。【答案】A2. Tigers _ meat-eating animals _ meat.A. belonged to; fed onB. belonging to; feed on C. were belonged to; feed onD. belonging to; feeding on【解析】belong to没有被动形式,故此处只能用其-ing形式作定语。【答案】B3._for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain【解析】There being no rain为 there be句型的独立主格形式。【答案】D4. A street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _him a millionaire overnight.A. making B. makes C.to make D. made【解析】不定式作结果状语表示主语未曾预料到的结果。【答案】C5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _.A. to escape burning B .to escape being burned C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning【解析】不定式作目的状语。escape 意为“逃脱”,不接不定式,而常接-ing形式作宾语。只能接-ing形式作宾语的动词还有:mind, admit, avoid, appreciate, consider(考虑), delay, imagine, miss, practice等。【答案】B6. Taking this medicine, if _, will of course do good to his health.A. continued B.to continue C. continues D. continuing【解析】if continued 是“if taking this medicine is continued”的省略形式。【答案】A7. The little boy still needs the _20 dollars to do with some things _.A .remaining; remained to be settled B .remaining; remaining to be settledC. remained; remained to settle D .remained; remaining to settle【解析】第一个remaining用作形容词,作“剩下的”解;第二个remaining to be settled 是-ing形式短语作定语。【答案】B8._ his age, the little boy read quite well.A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D .Having considered【解析】considering为介词,作“就而论;考虑到”解。【答案】A9._from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon.A. Judged B. Judging C. Having judged D. To judge【解析】judging from意为“从来判断”,为固定结构。【答案】B10. Tom enjoys _ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesnt he? Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys _.A.to play; dancing B. playing; to dance C.to play; to dance D. playing; is to dance【解析】enjoy后常接-ing形式作宾语; what his sister enjoys做主语,is to dance构成句子的谓语。【答案】D11. His letter, _ to the wrong number, reached me late.A. having been addressed B.to have addressed C.to have been addressed D. being addressed【解析】address所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,且与letter之间逻辑上存在着被动关系,having been addressed.在句中作非限制性定语。【答案】A12. You _ part in the party on time. Sorry, I was delayed by the accident.A. are to take B. have supposed to take C. were to have taken D. supposed to take【解析】You were to have taken part in the party.意为“你本来应该参加那次聚会的”【答案】C13. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city.A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired【解析】needing to be repaired相当于needing repairing,在句中作定语。另外,require和want也有类似的用法。【答案】D14. What caused the party to be put off? _ the invitations.A. Tom delayed sending B. Toms delaying sendingC. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send【解析】Toms delaying sending是-ing形式的复合结构可代替what在句中做主语。【答案】B15. I was afraid _ to my customers because I was afraid _ them.A. of talking back; to lose B. of talking back; of losingC.to talk back; to lose D.to talk back; of losing【解析】be afraid to do作“不敢”解(侧重指不敢做出的一种行为); be afraid of doing 作“担心”解(侧重强调害怕产生某种后果)。【答案】D16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _ the flowing of the smog around me. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D.to enjoy【解析】but用作“除了”解,当其前含有实义动词do时, 则but后的不定式短语要省去to。【答案】A17. Is Tom a good talker? No, he never speaks to me other than _ something?A. ask for B. to ask for C. asked for D. asking for【解析】other than asked for something相当于unless he is asked for something。【答案】C18. I cant get my car _ on cold mornings, so I have to try _ the radiator with some hot water.A. run; to fill B. running; filling C. running; to fill D. ran; filling【解析】get my car running意为“使我的车发动起来”;try doing表示“试一试做某事的办法”;try to do意为“努力去做某事”。【答案】B19. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before he was sent _ by his wife.A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleeping C. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep【解析】send sb./sth. doing意为“使快速移动”;send sb. to sleep意为“使某人入睡”,其中to 为介词,sleep为名词。【答案】A20. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _but the door _.A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. burning; shut D. on; shutting【解析】句中的burning, shut均作found的宾语补足语,表状态。 满分规范 1.时间：你是否在限定时间内完成？ 是 否 2.教材：教材知识是否全面掌握？ 是 否【答案】C二、单句填空（40分/10min）1 _(catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.【解析】To catch在此作目的状语。句意：为了赶上早航班，我们提前订了出租车并且起得很早。【答案】To catch2The park was full of people，_(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.【解析】enjoying为现在分词做伴随状语，与people形成逻辑上的主谓关系。句意：公园里人山人海，他们在沐浴着阳光愉快地玩耍。【答案】enjoying 3 _(absorb) in painting，John didnt notice evening approaching.【解析】动词absorb有“使专心”之意，常见短语be absorbed in，所以用过去分词作原因状语。【答案】Absorbed4 _(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.【解析】该题逻辑主语是Steve，与动词work是主谓关系，已知谓语动词为managed to finish，“成功完成”，比较动作work和已知谓语可知，先工作两天，才成功完成，因此用可表示发生在已知谓语动词之前的having worked。【答案】Having worked5After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on _(thank) all the people who had helped in her career.【解析】go on后接to do或doing作宾语均可以，但是go on doing表示“继续干同一件事”，而go on to do则表示“继续干另一件事”。由语境可知，Anne Benedict在接受奖项后又继续干另一件事，即：感谢帮助过她的人，故要用动词不定式作宾语。句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖项之后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有曾经在她的职业生涯中帮助过她的人。【答案】to thank6Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother _(take) good care of at home.【解析】分析结构可知，此处是“see宾语 宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语可以是do，doing或者done。若宾语与补语之间为主谓关系，且强调动作的全过程，用省略to的动词不定式，即do；若宾语与补语之间为主谓关系，且强调动作正在进行，用doing；若宾语与补语之间为动宾关系，用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间为动宾关系，要用taken作宾补。句意：在非洲医疗服务两年后回来，李博士看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好，他很高兴。【答案】taken7Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it _(perform) live is quite another.【解析】由live(现场直播)可知 “听到音乐正在被演奏”，故填being performed。【答案】being performed8When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，_(wonder) whether to stay or leave.【解析】句意：当店员看到一张慈祥的脸上挤出一副抱歉的笑容时，她愣愣地站在了那里，不知是去还是留。此句的谓语动词是stood，所以wonder在此用ing形式 作伴随状语。【答案】wondering9Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students _(talk) over what is bothering them【解析】talk over讨论。分析句子结构可知act as a listening ear for fellow students to do sth.中的to do sth.是作students的宾语补足语。句意：有时我充当一个倾听者来倾听我的同学们讨论他们的烦心事。【答案】to talk10Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way _(use) the sun and the stars.【解析】using the sun and the stars在句中作状语，与逻辑主语birds构成主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：像古代水手那样，鸟可以利用太阳和恒星来找到路。 满分规范 1.时间：你是否在限定时间内完成？ 是 否 2.书写：字迹是否工整？卷面是否整洁？是 否 3.教材：教材知识是否全面掌握？ 是 否【答案】using三、单句改错（40分/10min）1Even when it comes to shake hands, ladies come first.【解析】在when it comes to.句型中，to为介词，所以要用动名词作to的宾语。【答案】shake改为shaking2The express company will get all these goods received deliver