江苏2018版高考英语二轮复习考前三个月专题一语法知识第11讲介词与介词短语课件.pptx

第11讲 介词与介词短语,专题一 语法知识,难点突破,高考回眸,栏目索引,模拟演练,1.Determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017江苏，32) A.in contrast to B.in defense of C.in face of D.in relation to,解析 句意为：通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置仍然是我们生存的重要技能。结合句意可知，这里用in relation to“相对某事物而言”in contrast to与相比；in defense of保卫，为辩护；in face of面对 。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,高考回眸,2.Many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry.(2017北京，35) A.at B.in C.on D.by,解析 句意为：很多住在海边的人们靠渔业为生。“在行业”用介词in。此题容易忽视fishing后的名词industry，以为是靠捕鱼这种方式而错选D项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,3.When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California，you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.(2017天津，12) A.among B.against C.behind D.below,解析 句意为：当你驾车穿过加利福尼亚的红杉林时，你会置身在那些树龄超过1 000年的树木之间。among在当中，为所围绕，符合语境。against以为背景，衬托；behind在后面；below在下面。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,4.We offer an excellent education to our students._，we expect students to work hard.(2017天津，13) A.On average B.At best C.In return D.After all,解析 句意为：我们向学生提供优质的教育，作为回报，我们希望学生努力学习。in return作为报酬，作为回报，符合语境。on average平均来看；at best充其量，至多；after all毕竟，终究。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,5.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.(2016浙江，7) A.on B.in C.at D.about,解析 句意为：该项研究表明，我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。in the cultures在的文化中，为固定搭配，故选B。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,6.The dictionary is _：many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016天津，2) A.out of control B.out of date C.out of sight D.out of reach,解析 句意为：这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。out of date过时的，符合语境。out of control失控；out of sight看不见；out of reach够不着。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,7.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.(2015江苏，34) A.thanks to B.regardless of C.aside from D.but for,解析 句意为：如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to幸亏，由于；regardless of不管，不顾；aside from除了，除以外；but for要不是，如果没有的话。故选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,8.Most people work because its unavoidable._，there are some people who actually enjoy work.(2015浙江，10) A.As a result B.In addition C.By contrast D.In conclusion,解析 句意为：大多数人工作是因为无法避免，_也有一些人确实喜欢工作。根据语境可知，此处表示前后对比。by contrast相比之下，符合语境。as a result结果；in addition另外，此外；in conclusion总之。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,9.These comments came _ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.(2015浙江，17) A.in memory of B.in response to C.in touch with D.in possession of,解析 句意为：这些评论是对当地记者经常询问的具体问题的回应。in response to作为对的回答，作为对的反应，符合语境。in memory of为了纪念；in touch with与有联系；in possession of拥有，持有。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,10.Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68 _ the average.(2015重庆，10) A.below B.on C.at D.above,解析 句意为：去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球气温比平均温度高0.68 。above 高于，在之上，符合语境。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,11.A common memory they all have _ their school days is the school uniform.(2015福建，22) A.of B.on C.to D.with,解析 句意为：他们对校园岁月的共同记忆就是校服。本句使用了have a memory of这一搭配，意为“对的记忆”。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,12.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea？(2015浙江，3) A.about B.to C.with D.over,解析 句意为：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be home to为固定搭配，意为“是的栖息地，是的家园”。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,13.This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015湖北，30) A.in advance B.in detail C.in total D.in general,解析 句意为：这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想_提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你就会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知，说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实，所以选择in advance。in detail详细地；in total总共；in general一般来说。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,14.Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live _ nature.(2015福建，32) A.in view of B.in need of C.in touch with D.in harmony with,解析 句意为：人类被认为是自然的一部分，同样，我们要生存下去的唯一方式，就是要与大自然和谐相处。in view of鉴于；in need of需要；in touch with和保持联系；in harmony with与和谐相处。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,15.The little pupil took his grandma_ the arm and walked her across the street.(2015陕西，12) A.on B.by C.in D.at,解析 句意为：这个小学生挎着奶奶的胳膊，扶着她穿过了马路。“动词sb.介词the人体部位”是习惯用法，根据身体的不同的部位变化介词，如：pat sb.on the head，hit sb.in the face等。“take sb.bythe人体部位”意为“抓住/触及某人的”。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,16.It is unbelievable that Mr Lucas leads a simple life _ his great wealth.(2014江西，33) A.without B.despite C.in D.to,解析 句意为：真是令人难以置信，尽管卢卡斯先生很富有他还是过着简朴的生活。despite尽管(in spite of)，符合题意，故选B项。 without没有，不合题意。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,17.Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay _.(2014江苏，24) A.in place B.in order C.in shape D.in fashion,解析 in place就位，到位；in order井然有序；in shape保持体形；in fashion流行。根据句意“Tom坚持早上慢跑并且还常常做俯卧撑来保持体形。”可知C项正确。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,18.Facing up to your problems _ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.(2014浙江，12) A.more than B.rather than C.along with D.or rather,解析 句意为：勇于面对你的问题_逃避它们是解决事情最好的办法。more than多于，不仅仅是，非常；rather than而不是；along with跟一起；or rather更确切地说。由语境可知，此处表示“面对问题而不是(rather than)逃避问题”。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,19.People wont pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying _ expression.(2014浙江，17) A.from B.over C.with D.for,解析 句意为：当人们有很多想法渴望表达的时候，他们是不会理会你的。cry for sth.渴望。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,20.Theres no reason to be disappointed._，this could be rather amusing.(2014浙江，18) A.Above all B.As a result C.In addition D.As a matter of fact,解析 前一句中的disappointed与后一句的“rather amusing”在感情色彩上是相反的，因此用as a matter of fact (in fact)“事实上，实际上”。above all最重要的是；as a result结果；in addition表递进，意为“除此之外”。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,1.to与表示情感的名词连用，指某种行动后产生的感觉，如：to ones delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regretto the delight/surprise/horror/ sorrow/joy/regret of sb.，意为“令某人的是”。这种表达法表示结果，在句中作状语，位于句前、句中或句尾皆可。为了强调，可在前面加much，也可在里面加great。 Much to my surprise/To my great surprise，they offered me the job. 令我非常吃惊的是，他们把那份工作给了我。,难点突破,2.介词后跟宾语的特点： (1)介词后一般接动名词作宾语，但如果介词是but，except时，后可接不定式(如果but，except前出现实义动词do，则可省去不定式符号to)。 What he said amounts to denying us. 他的话就等于拒绝我们。 I have nothing to do but wait. 除了等我无事可做。,(2)there be的非谓语形式作介词宾语时，如果介词是for，要用there to be结构；如果是其他介词，则要用there being结构。 The secretary arranged for there to be another interview. 秘书安排了另一轮面试。 We were annoyed at there being so much time wasted. 浪费了这么多时间，我们很烦恼。,3.不可遗漏的后置介词： (1)在被动语态中，谓语部分的介词和主语构成介宾关系时。 The child has been taken good care of in the nursery. 这个孩子在幼儿园里一直受到很好的照顾。 (2)在非谓语动词表示被动意义时。 The problem is well worth paying attention to. 这个问题很值得关注。 (3)在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语动词为不及物动词时。 I dont know the girl you referred to at the meeting. 我不认识你在会上提到的那个女孩。,(4)作定语的非谓语动词和它修饰的名词构成动宾或介宾关系且相关介词后置时。 We have many new models to choose from. 我们有许多模型可以选择。 (5)在too.to.，enough.to.，so.as to.等结构中，不及物动词的不定式作结果状语时。 The ice is too thin to skate on. 冰太薄了，不能在上面滑。,(6)不定式在形容词easy，hard，difficult，comfortable等后作状语，且与句子主语存在动宾关系时。 The river is dangerous to swim in. 在这条河里游泳很危险。 (7)在特殊疑问句中，当介词和特殊疑问词构成介宾关系时。 What are these people standing in queue for? 这些人站在这里排队干什么？,11,8,1.With the prices of houses rising，they became extremely anxious _ they wouldnt have enough money to afford one. (2017无锡期末，23) A.in doubt B.in case C.for fear D.for example,解析 句意为：随着房价的上涨，他们变得非常忧虑，唯恐他们没有足够的钱买得起房。for fear唯恐，生怕，符合句意。in doubt怀疑地，有疑问地；in case以防万一；for example例如。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,模拟演练,2.Has his third book been published yet? No，it is currently _.(2017镇江期中，28) A.in store B.in preparation C.in use D.in place,解析 句意为：他的第三本书已经出版了吗？没有，目前还在准备中。in preparation在准备中，符合句意。in store即将发生；in use在使用中；in place在适当的位置。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,3.The magician picked several persons _ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.(2017扬州一模，25) A.by accident B.at random C.at risk D.on average,解析 句意为：魔术师随机从观众中挑了几个人，让他们帮助他进行表演。by accident偶然，无意间；at risk冒险；on average平均。at random随机，符合语境。故选B。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,4.A social insurance service agency in Zhengzhou has changed its office design _ a public complaint about inconvenient service windows. (2017盐城亭湖中学段考，31) A.in proportion to B.in answer to C.in addition to D.in regard to,解析 句意为：郑州一家社会保险服务机构改变了其办公室设计，以回应公众对服务窗口不方便的不满。in answer to回应，响应，符合句意。in proportion to与成比例；in addition to此外，而且；in regard to关于。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,5._ the fierce competition in finding a good job in big cities，many fresh graduates are trying their fortune in medium-sized ones. (2016无锡宜兴一模，33) A.Regardless of B.Apart from C.Thanks to D.Due to,解析 句意为：由于在大城市找工作的竞争非常激烈，很多应届大学毕业生准备去中等城市试试运气。regardless of不管，不顾；apart from除了以外；thanks to幸亏，多亏，由于，有表达感激之意；due to由于，侧重“起因于”。符合语境。故选D。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,6.All of us are puzzled about the sudden changes and obviously，we have to reconsider our schedule _ all of them.(2017泰州中学质检，32) A.in preference to B.in consequence of C.in light of D.in advance of,解析 句意为：我们对于突然的变故都非常迷惑，显然我们不得不根据所有这些变化重新考虑我们的日程安排。in preference to优先于，而不是；in consequence of由于；in advance of在之前。in light of根据，符合语境，故选C项。 此处的them指代的是the sudden changes。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,7.The province is home to eight ethnic groups，most of _ battling to survive in the harsh natural conditions，and struggling _ social and economic development.(2017华罗庚中学调研，21) A.who；in defense of B.whom；in search of C.them；in terms of D.whom；in light of,解析 句意为：该省是八个民族的家园，他们大多数人在恶劣的自然条件下挣扎求生，在社会和经济发展方面苦苦挣扎。由于第一个空所在的部分没有谓语动词，故不是一个从句，所以不能填连词，此处是一个独立主格结构。in terms of就而言，在方面，符合句意。in defense of保卫，为辩护；in search of寻找；in light of根据。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,8.The central government attached great importance to scientific innovations，made a series of major policies and adopted a number of plans _.(2017溧水高级中学二模，22) A.in this honor B.on the behalf C.in this regard D.on the event,解析 句意为：中央高度重视科学创新，制定了一系列重大政策，并在这方面采取了一些计划。in this regard在这方面，符合句意。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,9.We can become a smart shopper by choosing for value，not for looks；_，choose good quality goods with plain packages. (2017南京九中学情调研，29) A.in particular B.in other words C.in addition D.in any case,解析 句意为：以价值而不是外表来选择商品，这样我们就能成为一个精明的购物者；换句话说，选择普通包装的优质商品。choosing for value，not for looks和choose good quality goods with plain packages是同义关系，故选择in other words“换句话说”。in particular特别，尤其；in addition此外；in any case在任何情况下，无论如何。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,10.There is something amazing in the Chinese that has stayed unchanged，something from Confucianism，_ the family and ancestors. (2017南京学情调研，31) A.in demand of B.in respect of C.in line with D.in common with,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,解析 句意为：关于家庭和祖先，中国人身上有一种神奇的东西一直未变一种来自儒家思想的东西。in respect of关于，就某方面而言，符合句意。in demand of需要；in line with符合，与一致；in common with和一样，与有共同之处。,11.The life you live will expand or shrink _ the measure of courage you display.(2017镇江一模，31) A.in proportion to B.in place of C.in competition with D.in return for,解析 句意为：你的生活会扩展还是收缩与你展示的勇气的程度成比例。in proportion to与成比例；in place of代替；in competition with与竞争；in return for作为的回报。根据句意选A项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,12.Some traditional exercises like jogging，swimming and climbing may help people stay _.(2017苏锡常镇四市一模，26) A.in place B.in order C.in fashion D.in shape,解析 句意为：一些传统的锻炼如慢跑、游泳和登山有助于人们保持健康。in place在适当的位置；in order井然有序；in fashion流行；in shape身体健康的。根据句意选D项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,13.Hopefully，the new method will be effective，helping students to get their career plans _.(2017南京、盐城二模，28) A.at hand B.at will C.on trial D.on track,解析 句意为：这个新的方法有望很有效地帮助学生们的职业规划走上正轨。at hand在手边，即将来临的；at will任意，随意；on trial在审判中，在实验中；on track步入正轨。根据句意选D项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,14.Dad，I am not playing the piano as well as before. Take it easy.You are just _.(2016南通、扬州、泰州调研，34) A.out of sight B.out of control C.out of practice D.out of place,解析 句意为：爸爸，我弹钢琴没有从前好了。别紧张，你只是疏于练习了。out of sight看不见；out of control失去控制；out of practice没有练习；out of place不适合，不相称，故C正确。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,15._ good books，the point is not to see how many of them you can get through，but rather how many can get through to you. (2016南京、盐城一模，31) A.In the event of B.In the case of C.On account of D.On top of,解析 句意为：关于好书，关键不是你读完多少，而是你能理解多少。in the event of如果，倘若；in the case of至于；on account of由于，因为；on top of 除了之外。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,16.Britain is a “second-rate power” which has been _ for a centuryyet London remai