江苏2018版高考英语二轮复习考前三个月专题一语法知识第5讲形容词与副词课件.pptx

专题一 语法知识,第5讲 形容词与副词,难点突破,高考回眸,栏目索引,模拟演练,1.Only five years after Steve Jobs death，smart-phones defeated _ PCs in sales.(2017江苏，29) A.controversial B.contradictory C.confidential D.conventional,解析 句意为：仅仅在史蒂夫乔布斯去世五年之后，智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。语境提到smart-phones(智能手机)，与之对应的PCs(personal computers)应该用形容词conventional修饰，表示“传统的”。controversial有争议的；contradictory自相矛盾的；confidential机密的。故选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,高考回眸,2.The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But _ explanations are hard to find.(2017江苏，34) A.alternative B.aggressive C.ambiguous D.apparent,解析 句意为：恐龙的灭绝不一定是因为天体的碰撞，但也难以找到别的解释。空格处与前面的“未必”(not necessarily)呼应，这里用alternative表示“另外的，可替代的”。aggressive好斗的，挑衅的；ambiguous模棱两可的，不明确的；apparent显而易见的，明白的。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,3.I want to see Mr White.We have an appointment. Im sorry，but he is not _ at the moment，for the meeting hasnt ended.(2017天津，3) A.busy B.active C.concerned D.available,解析 句意为：我想见怀特先生。我们已经约好了。很抱歉，但是此刻他没空(available)，因为会议还没有结束。D项available可表示“(人)有空的”，符合语境。busy忙碌的；active活跃的；concerned担忧的。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,4.His comprehensive surveys have provided the most _ statements of how，and on what basis，data are collected.(2016江苏，31) A.explicit B.ambiguous C.original D.arbitrary,解析 句意为：他全面的调查提供了关于如何收集信息及在什么基础上收集信息的最清楚明确的说明。explicit清楚的，明晰的，详述的；ambiguous模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original起初的，原来的；arbitrary任意的，随心所欲的。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,5.A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，_ if you are travelling at high speed.(2016浙江，13) A.eventually B.strangely C.merely D.especially,解析 句意为：突然停下来可能是一次非常可怕的经历，尤其是你正在高速行驶时。especially特别，尤其，符合语境。eventually最终；strangely奇怪地；merely仅仅，只。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,6.In this article，you need to back up general statements with _ examples.(2016浙江，16) A.specific B.permanent C.abstract D.universal,解析 句意为：在这篇文章里，你需要用具体的例子来支持你的总体陈述。specific具体的，特定的；permanent永久的；abstract抽象的；universal通用的，普遍的。根据句意可知选A。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,7.I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend _ in the coming years.(2016浙江，18) A.little more B.no more C.much more D.many more,解析 句意为：我一直喜欢你组织的所有活动，希望在未来几年里我能参加更多的活动。many more后省略了events。根据句意可知选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,8.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _ review of the case.(2015江苏，31) A.comprehensive B.complicated C.conscious D.crucial,解析 句意为：警官们决定对该案件进行一次彻底和全面的审查。comprehensive综合的，广泛的；complicated复杂的；conscious有意识的；crucial至关重要的。根据and判断，所填词和thorough(彻底的，细致的)意思相近，故选A项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,9.Most of us，if we know even a little about where our food comes from，understand that every bite put into our mouths was _ alive. (2015浙江，13) A.steadily B.instantly C.formerly D.permanently,解析 句意为：我们大多数人，如果对食物来源多少知道一点点的话，就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是有生命的。formerly以前，从前，符合语境。steadily稳固地，坚定地，不动摇地；instantly立刻，马上；permanently永久地，长期不变地。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,10.Listening is thus an active，not a _，behavior consisting of hearing，understanding and remembering.(2015浙江，14) A.considerate B.sensitive C.reliable D.passivel,解析 句意为：聆听是一种积极的行为，而不是被动的接受，它涉及听、理解和记忆。passive被动的，消极的，与前面的active对应。considerate体贴的，体谅的；sensitive易受伤害的，易受影响的，敏感的；reliable可靠的，可信赖的。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,11.Im so_ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.(2015安徽，26) A.special B.superior C.grateful D.attractive,解析 句意为：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我愉快地结束了糟糕的一天。special特殊的；superior优越的，超过；grateful感激的；attractive有吸引力的。根据句意可知，这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情，故选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,12.They gave money to the old peoples home either_ or through their companies.(2015安徽，31) A.legally B.sincerely C.personally D.deliberately,解析 句意为：他们或者亲自或者通过他们的公司向敬老院捐钱。legally合法地，法律上；sincerely真诚地，由衷地，诚恳地；personally亲自地，当面地，个别地，就自己而言；deliberately故意地，谨慎地，慎重地。根据through their companies可知personally为正确答案。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,13.It was _ of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(2015福建，23) A.careless B.considerate C.patient D.generous,解析 句意为：Michael通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，想得真周到。本句使用了It is/was considerate of sb.to do sth.这一结构。careless粗心的；considerate考虑周到的；patient有耐心的；generous慷慨的，大方的。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,14.Even though the conference hall is near his apartment，he has to hurry a little if he wants to be _.(2015湖北，27) A.accurate B.punctual C.efficient D.reasonable,解析 句意为：尽管会议大厅靠近他的公寓，如果他想要守时，他还是要快一点。accurate精确的；punctual准时的，守时的；efficient高效的，生效的；reasonable合理的。故选B。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,15.I dont think what he said is _ to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.(2015湖北，28) A.faithful B.parallel C.relevant D.similar,解析 句意为：我认为，他说的话与我们讨论的主题无关，他偏离了重点。be faithful to忠诚于；be parallel to与平行，与类似；be relevant to与相近，与相关；be similar to与相似。故选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,16.The girl used to be shy，but is _ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(2015湖北，29) A.gradually B.usually C.previously D.merely,解析 句意为：这个女孩以前很害羞，但是正逐渐地在小组活动中变得积极起来，而且更愿意表达自己了。根据题干中的is和getting可知，这里表示循序渐进的过程，故选gradually(逐渐地)。usually通常；previously先前地；merely仅仅。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,17.Andy is content with the toy.It is_ he has ever got. (2015四川，7) A.a better B.the better C.a best D.the best,解析 句意为：Andy对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。根据上一句话可知，下一句应用最高级，故选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,18.The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others _.(2014浙江，13) A.blindly B.unwillingly C.closely D.carefully,解析 句意为：教育的宗旨是教会年轻人自己思考，而不是盲从别人。blindly盲目地，符合句意。unwillingly不情愿地；closely密切地；carefully仔细地。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,19.My good performance in the job interview left me _ about my future and about what I can do here.(2014安徽，27) A.puzzled B.sensitive C.optimistic D.embarrassed,解析 句意为：我在求职面试中的良好表现让我对未来以及在这里我所能做的事持乐观的态度。puzzled困惑的；sensitive敏感的；optimistic乐观的；embarrassed尴尬的。根据句意选C项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,20.With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as a(n) _ way of reaching target customers.(2014福建，24) A.temporary B.complex C.accurate D.efficient,解析 句意为：随着网购变得越来越流行，网络被看作是一种吸引目标顾客的有效方法。efficient有效的，符合句意。temporary临时的；complex复杂的；accurate精确的。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,一、比较级应注意的几个问题 1.排斥问题：要避免主语和本身相比，即在同一范围内进行比较时，必须用other或else，将比较的一方排除在外；反之，则不用。 China is larger than any other country in Asia. (同一范围)中国比亚洲的其他任何国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Africa. (不同范围)中国比非洲的任何国家都大。,难点突破,2.替代问题：在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)或one(ones)来代替前面已出现的名词。若代替不可数名词用that，可数名词复数用those代替。 The weather of this year is better than that of last year. 今年的天气比去年的好。 Necklaces made of glass are far cheaper than those made of diamond. 玻璃项链要比钻石项链便宜很多。,3.倍数问题：倍数词要放在比较级前。 Our room is twice larger than yours. 我们的房间比你们的房间大两倍。 4.最高级比较的范围前面用in还是用of，主要是看是否为同类相比，同类相比用of，不同类相比用in。 Jiang Tao is the tallest of the boys. 江涛在男同学中最高。 Jiang Tao is the tallest in his class. 江涛是全班同学中最高的。,二、多个形容词作定语的顺序 如果有两个或两个以上的形容词来修饰名词，要根据它们与名词的关系的密切程度来确定它们的先后位置，与名词关系越密切的越靠近名词，越疏远的越远离名词。其顺序为： 限定词数词描绘词(好、坏、美、丑等)大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色出处材料性质作用、类别名词。如：a tall white building一座高大的白色建筑；a beautiful large green Chinese carpet一条漂亮的大的绿色的中国地毯。,三、易错点梳理 1.副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 (错)I very like English. (对)I like English very much. 2.形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。 It is a most important problem. It is a very important problem.,3.有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以-ly结尾。但它们的含义是不同的。 close接近地；closely仔细地，密切地 free 免费地；freely自由地，无拘束地 hard努力地；hardly几乎不 late晚，迟；lately近来 most极，非常；mostly主要地 wide广阔地，充分地；widely广泛地 high高；highly高度地，非常地 deep深；deeply(抽象意义)深深地 loud大声地；loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思) near临近；nearly几乎,11,8,1.In contrast with the liberal social climate of the present，traditions in the past were relatively _. (2017苏北六市联考，26) A.competitive B.comprehensive C.creative D.conservative,解析 句意为：与现在的自由的社会风气相比，过去的传统是相对保守的。competitive竞争的，有竞争力的；comprehensive全面的，详尽的，彻底的；creative创造性的；conservative保守的。由题干中的liberal“自由的，开明的”及in contrast with可知，所选答案应与之意义相反，故选D项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,模拟演练,2.The zoo has over the years provided valuable support for the conservation of the giant panda，which is _ appreciated by the Chinese government and people.(2017溧水高级中学二模，29) A.heavily B.nearly C.highly D.hardly,解析 句意为：这个动物园多年来为保护大熊猫提供了宝贵的支持，这得到了中国政府和人民的高度赞赏。highly非常地，高度地，符合句意。heavily沉重地，猛烈地；nearly几乎，差不多；hardly几乎不。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,3.It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music，but it is _ another to play it well yourself.(2017启东中学月考，24) A.quite B.very C.rather D.much,解析 句意为：喜欢听好的音乐是一回事，能自己演奏好是另一回事。one thing.quite another.是固定搭配。quite完全地，实际地；very非常；rather相当，宁可；much非常，很。故选A项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,4.Each ticket，unless stated _，admits only one person. (2017启东中学月考，30) A.otherwise B.else C.others D.rather,解析 句意为：每一张票除非另外注明，否则只允许一个人进入。此处用otherwise表示“另外地”来修饰state一词； B项的else也可以表示“另外地”，但通常只用来修饰不定代词或疑问代词且放在它们的后面。故选A项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,5.I dont agree with canceling all large celebrations or events just because of one accident.“Once bitten，twice shy” is not a (n) _ response.What we need to do is learn the lessons. (2017南京九中学情调研，28) A.spiritual B.considerate C.efficient D.appropriate,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析 句意为：我不赞成仅仅因为一次事故就取消所有大型庆祝活动。“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳”是不恰当的反应，我们要做的是吸取教训。appropriate适当的，合适的，符合句意。spiritual精神的，心灵的；considerate体贴的，体谅的，考虑周到的；efficient效率高的，有能力的。故选D。,6.You are to meet with frustration in the pursuit of success and through greater effort and hard work your dream will definitely come true.Put it _，“No pains，no gains.”(2017南京九中学情调研，34) A.frequently B.simply C.openly D.firmly,解析 句意为：在追求成功的过程中，你会遇到挫折，通过更大的努力和劳动，你的梦想一定会实现。简单地说，“不劳则无获”。put it simply简单地说，符合句意，故答案为B。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,7.Sometimes，we say，“I love you” to our parents or _ others when we hang up the phone，not because we mean it，but out of habit. (2017南京学情调研，33) A.significant B.intelligent C.remarkable D.distinguished,解析 句意为：有时，我们挂断电话前对我们的父母或者其他重要的人说“我爱你”不是因为我们的本意而是出于习惯。significant重要的，有意义的；intelligent聪明的，有才智的；remarkable非凡的，引人注目的；distinguished卓越的，杰出的，尊贵的，高尚的。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,8.What made them miss the deadline was not their lack of funding，but _ their lack of planning.(2017南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，30) A.even B.still C.rather D.ever,解析 句意为：使他们错过最后期限的不是他们缺少资金，而是他们缺少规划。not.but rather.不是而是，为固定结构，故选C项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,9.Theres little chance that we will succeed in changing our fate._，it is important that we try.(2017泰州中学摸底考试，29) A.Meanwhile B.Nevertheless C.Otherwise D.Therefore,解析 句意为：我们能成功改变命运的机会不大，虽然如此，试一试还是很重要的。nevertheless然而，不过，虽然如此，符合句意。meanwhile同时，其间；otherwise否则，另外；therefore因此，所以。故选B项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,10.If they throw stones at you，dont throw back.Use them to build your own foundation _.(2017南京三模，27) A.somehow B.anyway C.instead D.nevertheless,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,解析 句意为：如果他们向你扔石块，别扔回去。相反，用这些石块建造你自己的地基。somehow以某种方式，不知怎么地；anyhow无论如何；nevertheless然而，均不符合句意。instead相反，反而，此处相当于instead of throwing back，故选C项。,11.There are no _ proposals to reduce the road accidents.We are still seeking inspiration.(2017南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，21) A.contradictory B.concrete C.confidential D.controversial,解析 句意为：对于减少交通事故，还没有具体的建议。我们仍在寻找灵感。concrete具体的，有形的，实在的，符合句意。contradictory相互矛盾的，相互对立的；confidential机密的，秘密的；controversial有争议的，引起争论的。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,12.The man was in a _ condition with severe injuries to his legs after being attacked by a shark in far north Queensland. (2017苏锡常镇四市二模，25) A.skeptical B.critical C.practical D.physical,解析 句意为：在昆士兰最北边被鲨鱼袭击之后，这位男子腿部伤势严重，病情危急。skeptical怀疑的；practical实际的，实用的；physical物理的，身体的，物质的，以上三个形容词与condition搭配，都与语境不符。critical批评的，严重的，(病情)危急的，in a critical condition病情危急，符合语境。故选B项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,13.Men are anxious to improve their circumstances，but are unwilling to improve themselves；_，they remain trapped. (2017苏锡常镇四市一模，28) A.besides B.therefore C.however D.instead,解析 句意为：人们急于改善他们的境况，却不愿意提高自身，因此，他们一直处于困境中。besides而且，表递进；therefore因此，所以，表因果；however然而，表转折；instead而是，反而，表示一种替代。根据句意可知，此处为因果关系，故选B项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,14.Despite her recent surgery she has been carrying on _. (2016扬州一模，26) A.consequently B.otherwise C.likewise D.regardless,解析 consequently因此，因而；otherwise否则，要不然，另一方面；likewise同样的，也，而且；regardless不顾后果地，不管怎样，无论如何。句意为：尽管她最近做了手术，但她还是不顾后果地继续努力。根据句意可知选D。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,15.Learning from _ mistakes can help us keep conscious and avoid repeating them in the days to come.(2016苏锡常镇四市二模，34) A.previous B.curious C.obvious D.ridiculous,解析 句意为：吸取以前的错误可以帮助我们保持清醒，避免在未来的日子重复这些错误。 previous以前的；curious好奇的；obvious明显的；ridiculous荒谬的。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,16.The economy of the last quarter was much stronger than _ predicted，driven by a rare increase in government spending. (2016扬州中学质监，24) A.vaguely B.randomly C.consistently D.originally,解析 句意为：在政府支出增长罕见的推动下，上一季度的经济比原先预测的要强劲得多。vaguely模糊地，茫然地；