汉英句子翻译第二节.ppt

陈 汉英句子翻译,主要翻译词典和翻译百科全书: Baker, Mona. 2001.(ed.) Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London and New york: Routledes. Shuttleworth, M. & M. Cowie. 1997. Dictionary of Translation Studies. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing. 3) 林煌天主编,1997, 武汉: 湖北教育出版社 4) 方梦之主编, 2004, , 上海:上海外语教育出版社 5) 曹焰 张奎武主编, 1996, , 北京:人民日报出版社 6) 刘重德主编, 1999, , 长沙:湖南文艺出版社,2,主要翻译阅读书目: 1、英汉语比较与对比 【1】英汉语言对比与翻译.王武兴. 北京：北京大学出版社，2003. 【2】英汉语比较导论. 魏志成. 上海：上海外语教育出版社, 2003. 【3】英汉语言对比研究.何善芬. 上海：上海外语教育出版社, 2002. 【4】英汉比较研究与翻译. 萧立明. 上海：上海外语教育出版社, 2002. 【5】英汉语篇综合对比. 彭宣维. 上海：上海外语教育出版社, 2000. 【6】英汉对比研究. 连淑能. 北京：高等教育出版社, 1993. 2、翻译理论 【7】西方翻译理论精选. 申雨平. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社, 2002. 【8】翻译学. 谭载喜. 武汉：湖北教育出版社, 2000. 【9】当代翻译理论. 刘宓庆. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司, 1999. 【10】文体与翻译（增订版）. 刘宓庆. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司, 1998. 【11】翻译学：艺术论与科学论的统一. 黄振定. 长沙：湖南教育出版社, 1998. 【12】翻译文化史论. 王克非. 上海：上海外语教育出版社, 1997. 3、翻译实践 【13】英汉翻译手册. 倜 西、董乐山. 北京：商务印书馆国际有限公司, 2002. 【14】中国时尚热点新词速译. 朱诗向. 北京：对外经济贸易大学出版社, 2002. 【15】英文汉译技巧. 陈廷祐. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社, 2001. 【16】实用英语翻译技巧. 吴伟雄、方凡泉. 昆明：云南人民出版社, 1997. 【17】英美名著翻译比较. 喻云根. 武汉：湖北教育出版社, 1996. 【18】实用英汉翻译技巧. 张鸾铃. 广州：广东高等教育出版社, 1996.,3,提高方法：,翻译理论+翻译技巧+翻译实践 研究有关翻译的论述，弄懂翻译的基本问题。 （ 阅读理论著作；专题论文；翻译教材；译品的前言后语） 研究译作范本 从中摸索翻译的规律和技巧，对比不同译本的处理和效果。 研究典型译例，注意翻译技巧的说明和译句的得失，为翻译实践打好基础 不断进行翻译实践 （1） 依照词语-句子-段落-语篇的顺序； （2） 选择不同题材和体裁的练习材料； （3） 难易循序渐进； （4） 译文反复修改，不断提高译文质量； （5） 选择有参考译文的文本，进行对比学习； （6） 可请别人修改或校正。,Tips： read more; practice more; think more; discuss more,4,4、翻译教材 【19】英译汉教程.连淑能. 北京：高等教育出版社，2006. 【20】英汉翻译简明教程. 庄绎传. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社, 2002. 【21】英汉翻译教程. 吕 俊、侯向群. 上海：上海外语教育出版社, 2001. 【22】英汉互译实践与技巧. 许建平. 北京：清华大学出版社, 2000. 【23】英汉语篇翻译. 李运兴. 北京：清华大学出版社, 1998. 【24】英汉翻译教程. 张培基、喻云根、李宗杰、彭谟禹. 上海：上海外语教育出版社, 1983. 【25】英汉互译实用教程，郭著章，武汉大学出版社，1996修订版； 【26】最新简明英语翻译教程冯伟年,世界图书出版公司，2001 【27】新实用汉译英教程陈宏薇，武汉:湖北教育出版社,1996 【28】新实用英译汉教程 华先发 ,武汉:湖北教育出版社, 2002 【29】实用翻译教程冯庆华,上海外语教育出版社,2004 【30】大学英汉翻译教程，王治奎. 济南：山东大学出版社，2002，修订版 5、国外翻译理论与实践 【31】Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. Munday, J. London: Routledge. 2001. 【32】Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach. Revised ed. Snell-Hornby, Mary. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 1995.,5,【33】In Other Words: A Course book on Translation. Baker, Mona. London: Routledge. 1992. 【34】Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. Bell, Roger T. London: Longman. 1991. 【35】A Textbook of Translation. Newmark, Peter. Hertfordshire: Prentice-Hall. 1988. 【36】A Linguistic Theory of Translation. Catford, J. C. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1965. (Chinese translation published by Tourism Education Press in 1991) 翻译证书: 1. 翻译专业资格（水平）考试 2.上海翻译证书考试 3.国才考试，查看微信,6,中国翻译协会 /tran/index.htm 中国科技翻译 /2002/magazine/index.asp?MagID=1917 译路网 /html/e/2006-11/10/12_47_12_734.html 译商网 /Resourcehtml/Resource413.html 译龙翻译网/transtudy.asp 词汇术语网 /news/a1/1.htm 英语之声 /englishstudy/ch/jgmc/index2.html 舍生取译网 /,7,汉译英方法,1. 结构差异 2. 语篇意识 3. 信息焦点：找准主语 4. 句子平衡：分清主次,1. 结构差异,连接方式： 汉语隐形，即连接词很少出现或不出现，这体现为意合(parataxis); 英语显性，即连接词出现，体现为形合(hypotaxis),1. 结构差异,组句方式： 汉语：动词多，短句多，常按时间顺序或前因后果的逻辑关系排列，呈链状； 英语：常按句内主次从属关系排列，在句子主体上添加修饰语以及限定语，形成严谨的树状结构。,结构差异带来的启示,1. 正确判断句子之间的关系，补充连接手段，实现显性连接。 e.g. 在这一年半中，她抄写、背写英语单词的纸，累起来可达桌子高。 思路：SVO=纸+达到+桌子高。 问题：累起来怎么处理？,结构差异带来的启示,e.g. 在这一年半中，她抄写、背写英语单词的纸，累起来可达桌子高。 In that year and a half, the paper on which she had copied English words or written them down from memory, if stacked up, could reach the table from the floor.,2. 掌握内在联系正确断句 我们的班主任姓王，五十开外，方脸，一脸的胡子。 Mr. Wang, the head teacher responsible for our class, was over fifty. He had a square-shaped face with a full beard.,3. 正确安排句子基本框架，主次清楚，符合原意。 原文：大家都记得1979年秋天，当这个总共只念过八年书、连英文字母也认不全，而且已有三个孩子的女工，竟然报名上电大英语班时，招来了多少惊讶的目光。 难点分析：,大家都记得1979年秋天，当这个总共只念过八年书、连英文字母也认不全，而且已有三个孩子的女工，竟然报名上当地电大英语班时，招来了多少惊讶的目光。 They remember how many astonished looks were cast at her in the autumn of 1979, when this woman worker with only 8 years schooling, little acquaintance with the English alphabet and three children to look after, actually enrolled in the English class offered by the local TV university.,2. 语篇意识,语篇意识是指把整个语篇视为一个整体，注重其内在连贯性(coherence)，也就是注重文章思路和逻辑，注意上下文联系。连贯性是通过Cohesion来实现的，就是把上下文联系起来的那些词汇和语法手段，如连词、代词、指示词以及起连接作用的短语和句式等。 如果缺乏整体观，翻译中只会盯住一个个孤立的句子，译出来的句子语法正确，但上下文无法串联或明显累赘，头绪混乱，看不出来龙去脉。,举例1,外高桥保税区是中国大陆第一个自由贸易区，她是以出口加工和自由贸易相结合的一个综合型对外开放区域。位于浦东新区东北端，濒临长江口，距市中心20公里。 直译：Waigaoqiao Bonded Area, situated at the northeast end of Pudong New Area, bordering on the estuary of the Changjiang River, and from the Bonded Area, city proper being 20km., is the first free trade area in the Mainland of China, which is a comprehensive open area combining export processing with free trade.,举例1,外高桥保税区是中国大陆第一个自由贸易区，她是以出口加工和自由贸易相结合的一个综合型对外开放区域。位于浦东新区东北端，濒临长江口，距市中心20公里。 改译：Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone is the first of its kind on Chinas mainland, or rather a comprehensive free trade zone open to the outside world characterized by free trade along with export processing. Overlooking the Yangtze River estuary, the zone is located in the northeast end of the Pudong New Area of Shanghai, 20 kilometers from the downtown district of the city proper.,举例2,离开道路数十丈处有座大屋，屋檐下站着一个中年文士，一个十一二岁的小孩。那文士见到这等情景，不禁长叹一声，眼眶也红了，说道：“可怜，可怜！”,举例2,离开道路数十丈处有座大屋，屋檐下站着一个中年文士，一个十一二岁的小孩。那文士见到这等情景，不禁长叹一声，眼眶也红了，说道：“可怜，可怜！” Under the eaves of a large house, some hundred yards from the road, a middle-aged scholar was standing with a ten- or eleven-year-old boy at his side. He was evidently affected by this little scene, for a groan escaped his lips and he appeared to be very close to tears. Poor creatures! he murmured to himself.,举例3,我常常遗憾我家门前的那块丑石呢:它黑黝黝地卧在那里，牛似的模样;谁也不知道是什么时候留在这里的，谁也不去理会它。只是麦收时节，门前摊了麦子，奶奶总是要说:这块丑石，多碍地面哟，多时把它搬走吧。（五分钟时间理思路）,分析：,我常常遗憾我家门前的那块丑石呢:它黑黝黝地卧在那里，牛似的模样;谁也不知道是什么时候留在这里的，谁也不去理会它。只是麦收时节，门前摊了麦子，奶奶总是要说:这块丑石，多碍地面哟，多时把它搬走吧。,分析：,我常常遗憾我家门前的那块丑石呢:它黑黝黝地卧在那里，牛似的模样;谁也不知道是什么时候留在这里的，谁也不去理会它。只是麦收时节，门前摊了麦子，奶奶总是要说:这块丑石，多碍地面哟，多时把它搬走吧。 直译：I used to be sorry for the ugly stone in front of our door. It is black and looks like an ox. Nobody knew when it was left there and paid any attention to it. Only when the season for harvesting wheat arrived and the grains of the wheat were spread over the ground beyond the door, would my grandma always say: “look at this ugly stone! It takes so much space. And someday it will be moved away.”,参考译文,我常常遗憾我家门前的那块丑石呢:它黑黝黝地卧在那里，牛似的模样;谁也不知道是什么时候留在这里的，谁也不去理会它。只是麦收时节，门前摊了麦子，奶奶总是要说:这块丑石，多碍地面哟，多时把它搬走吧。 I used to feel sorry for that ugly black piece of stone lying like an ox in front of our door; none knew when it was left there and none paid any attention to it，except at the time when wheat was harvested and my grandma，seeing the grains of wheat spread all over the ground in the front yard of the house，would grumble: “This ugly stone takes so much space. Move it away someday.”,3. 信息焦点:找准主语,英语主谓宾的基本结构 英语主语的构成：名词；动名词；不定式；形式主语,主语选定,例一：看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌。 1. On seeing this miserable scene, people got panic-stricken very soon. 2. At the sight of this miserable scene, people was seized with panic/overwhelmed by panic/great terror, or people were thrown in panic. 3. The sight of this miserable scene threw people in panic.,看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌，有人甚至有了撤退的心思。 原文思路： 1. 改写为欧化中文：大家如此惊慌以致于 (sothat & such that) 2. 理清逻辑：整体与部分（大家-有人）,译文一,看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌，有人甚至有了打退堂鼓的心思。 The sight of the miserable scene threw people into such a panic that some of them even had the idea of making a retreat. The sight of the miserable scene made people so panic-stricken that some of them even conceived of/entertained the idea of making a retreat.,译文二,看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌，有人甚至有了打退堂鼓的心思。 The sight of the miserable scene terrified the people, some of whom even harbored the intention of making a retreat.,例2,1953年，英美两国计划对中国援朝部队使用原子弹，并准备用核武器进攻中国。当这个消息由第三国外交官转告北京时，新中国的领导人深感忧虑，立即作出了建立和发展原子弹和导弹事业的决定。 In 1953, America and England planned to use atomic bombs against Chinese aiding troops in Korea and to attack China with nuclear weapons. When the news was transferred to Beijing from diplomatic sources of a third country, the leaders of new China felt deeply worried and immediately decided to set up and develop atomic bomb and missile cause.,例2,1953年，英美两国计划对中国援朝部队使用原子弹，并准备用核武器进攻中国。当这个消息由第三国外交官转告北京时，新中国的领导人深感忧虑，立即作出了建立和发展原子弹和导弹事业的决定。 顺句推动法：In 1953, America and England planned to use atomic bombs against Chinese aiding troops in Korea and to attack China with nuclear weapons. When the news was transferred to Beijing from diplomatic sources of a third country, the leaders of new China felt deeply worried and immediately decided to set up and develop atomic bomb and missile cause.,1953年，英美两国计划对中国援朝部队使用原子弹，并准备用核武器进攻中国。当这个消息由第三国外交官转告北京时，新中国的领导人深感忧虑，立即作出了建立和发展原子弹和导弹事业的决定。 活译法：In 1953， when they learned from diplomatic sources of a third country that the United States and Britain were prepared to attack mainland China and the Chinese troops in Korea with nuclear weapons, the leaders of new China, deeply concerned, decided that China must develop its own atomic bombs and missiles.,4. 句子平衡：分清主次,一、独立主格结构 Nominative Absolute,1. n. + present participle phrase 到处都可以看见人们穿着节日服装，满脸笑容。 Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dresses, their faces shining with smiles. 天气要是合适的话，我们明天要到西山去玩。 Weather permitting, well go on an excursion to the Western Hill tomorrow.,2. n. + past participle phrase,他脸朝天，头枕着手躺着。 He lay on his back, his face up and his hands crossed under his head. 他做完作业后回家去了。 His work done, he went home. After his work had been done, he went home.,3. n. + adjective phrase,他鼻子冻得通红地走进房来。 He came into my room, his nose red with cold. 老头坐了下来，由于痛苦脸色发白，两颊上还带有泪痕。 The old man sat down, his face pale with pain and traces of tears on his cheeks.,4. n. + adverbial phrase,她伸出双手，掌心向上。 She put out her hands, palms up. 他袜子穿反了。 He put on his socks, wrong side out.,5. n. + n.,数以千计的船民被淹死，其中许多是小孩。 Thousands of boat people were drowned, many of them children. 他的第一个剧本成功后，又写了另一个剧本。 His first play a success, he wrote another.,6. n. + infinitive,来客也不少，有送行的，有拿东西的，有送行兼拿东西的。 We also had quite a host of visitors, some to see us off, some to fetch things, and some to do both. 他为这家杂志写了两篇稿子，一篇即将本期发表，另一篇将在下期刊载。 He has contributed two articles to the journal, one to be published in this issue, the other to come out in the next.,7. n. + prepositional phrase,他们欢快地一手拿着鞭子，一手扯着缰绳，催马向前。 In jolly spirits, they urged the horses on, whip in one hand and reins in the other. 他端着枪，走进那间黑屋子。 He entered the dark room, gun in hand.,二、过去分词短语 Past Participle Phrase,错误与挫折教训了我们，使我们变得聪明起来，我们的事情就办得好一些。 Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handle our problems better. 我一直坐到十一点多钟，全神贯注地看着一本小说。 I sat until eleven, absorbed/immersed in a fiction.,三、形容词短语 Adjective Phrase,周总理是那样谦逊、随和、易于接近，