2020版高考英语总复习Unit1Greatscientists课时作业必修5.docx

Unit1 Great scientists.阅读理解MarieTharpwasborninYpsilanti,MichiganonJuly30,1920,intoamappingfamily.HerfatherWilliamEdgarTharp,wasasoilsurveyorfortheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture,andtheTharpswenttowhereverhisworktookhim.MsTharponcesaidthatbythetimeshegraduatedfromhighschool,shehadattendedtwodozenpublicschoolsacrossthecountry.ShereceivedabachelorsdegreeinEnglishandmusicfromOhioUniversityin1943,followedthenextyearbyamastersdegreeingeologyfromtheUniversityofMichigan.WhileworkingasageologistforanoilcompanyinOklahoma,MsTharpearnedadegreeinmathematicsfromtheUniversityofTulsain1948.Thatyear,shejoinedColumbiaUniversitysgeologydepartmentasaresearchassistanttothewell-knownscientistMauriceEwing.BruceC.Heezen,whowentontobecomealeadinggeologistandoceanographer,wasagraduatestudentthere,andheandMsTharpwouldsharetheirprofessionalandpersonallivesforthenextthreedecades.Beforethemid-20thcentury,littlewasknownabouttheoceanbottom.In1949,MrEwingandhisteamstartedaquesttomaptheseafloorusingsonarsoundings(声呐探测).Becausearesearchshipwasconsiderednofitplaceforawoman,MsTharp,workingwithpenandruler,plottedthedatabackinPalisades.WithMrHeezen,MsTharpcompiledthefirstcomprehensivemapoftheentireoceanbottom,sheddinglightonahiddenworldofhugecracksandvalleys,andvolcanicrangesstretchingforthousandsofmiles.Itwaspublishedin1977.InhisbookTheMapmakers,JohnNobleWilford,asciencereporter,describedtheirachievementthisway: “Likeotherpioneeringmaps,theonebyHeezenandTharpisnotcompleteandnotalwayscompletelyaccurate.Itis,however,oneofthemostremarkableachievementsinmoderncartography(制图学).Itisthesummaryofmorethanacenturyofoceanographiceffort.”MsTharpsworkinplottingtheoceansbottomwouldalsohelpgainacceptanceforthetheoryofcontinentaldrift(大陆漂移),whichwasstillanunpopulartheorywhensheandMrHeezenbegantheircooperationinthelate1940s.1.WhatdowelearnabouttheTharpfamily?A.Theylovedtravelling.B.Theymovedtoooften.C.Theywerequitewealthy.D.Theyfarmedforaliving.2.WhendidTharpstarttoworkwithHeezen?A.In1943.B.In1944.C.In1948.D.In1949.3.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthemapinParagraph3?A.Itwascompletedonaresearchship.B.Itwentagainstthetheoryofcontinentaldrift.C.Itwasaimedatprotectingnaturalhabitatsontheseafloor.D.ItwasbasedonEwingandhisteamsstudies.4.HowdidWilfordlookatthemap?A.Headmiredit.B.Hetoleratedit.C.Hewascautiousaboutit.D.Hewasdoubtfulaboutit.阅读七选五根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Technologicalinnovation(创新)maynotgiveyouawarmfeeling.1Messagingappsareexamplesoftechnologythatarehelpingbringpeopletogether.Itsreadytocontinueimprovingourlivesasinnovationallowstechnologytoreallyunderstandhowwelive.2Someofthemostpopularandwidelyadoptedinnovationsmakethingswerealreadydoingeasier.Awell-designedpieceoftechnologycantransformsomethingthatconsumestimeintoaworry-freeswipeofyourfinger,givingyoumoretimetospendwithfriendsandfamily.ProvingthatyoureallyareyouDeveloperskeepfindingnewandbrilliantwaystoproveouridentitiesonline.Withfingerprintsandvoicerecognition,technologykeepsgettingbetteratprovingwearewhowesayweare.3.Themoretrustwehave,theeasieritwillbetofullyembracetheempoweringaspectsoffintech(金融科技)andhavingcontrolofourfinancialdata.HelpingmakegoodideasarealityCrowdfunding(众筹)technologykeepsbreakingdownbarriersthatmayhavepreviouslykeptgoodideasfrombeingrealized.Hereshowitworks:youpitch(拋)yourprojecttopeoplethroughanonlineplatform.4.Byconnectingdreamersandinventorstoanewtypeofcapital,technologyisgivingmorecreativeideastheiropportunitytobecomeareality.AddingevenmorequalitytoqualitytimeAstechnologycontinuesimproving,itbecomeseasiertobuildandmaintainaconnectionwithsomeonewhoisntinthesamelocationasyou.5.Andthinkabouthowgreatitwillbewhenyoucaninteractwithyourfriendsandrelativesinvirtualreality.Itwillbethenextbestthingtobeingtogetherinperson.A.SparingsometimetomakeresearchesB.FreeingupmoretimeforfriendsandfamilyC.However,whenatitsbest,itopensoureyestomanythingsD.Actually,itcandowonderstodeepenourinterpersonalconnectionsE.ThattechnologycanmakeiteasiertotrusttheconnectionswemakeonlineF.Iftheyareinterestedinyourproject,theydonatemoneytofundyourprojectG.Thinkabouthowmucheasieritistoconnectviavideoconferencingthanbefore.完形填空AboutsixyearsagoIwasgoingthroughatoughtime,tryingtoworktwojobstoaffordmyrent.OnacoldSundaymorning,IwenttoGameStopavideogameretailer(零售商),to1thegameIdreserved.AwomaninacarparkedoutsidecalledmewhenI2thestore.Thoughitwasinbroaddaylight,Iwas3andkeptsomedistancewhenIwalkedover.Shesaidshecouldntwalkand4metopurchaseaKinect,apopulargame,forherasher5Christmasgift.Duetoherlegdiseaseitwas6forhertomovearound.Shecalledaheadbuttheemployeewasntwillingto7.Shegavemeabout$100incashandhercreditcard.IwalkedbackinandboughttheKinect.Thenitoccurredtomethatthiswoman,acompletestranger,8me.Whatwasitthatstoppedmefromlyingaboutthepaymentmethodandjust9hercash?ShecouldntknowIwasnta10;andhowcouldshepossiblyhavesomuch11someone?Ihandedherthecashback,12Ihadtopaywithhercarditwasabove$100atthetime,andhandedoverthe13andhercreditcard. “Thisiswhatmysonsbeenlongingfor.Thankyou!Bytheway,justfrom14atyou,Iknowyouaretheonewhollbeafriendtosomeone15.Youhaveafaceofanangel!”shesaid.Shegaveme$10and16totakeitback.Thenshe17,saying “MerryChristmas!”Shehadnoideahowmuchofa18even$10made.Iwasabletobuyafewcheapgroceriesfortheweekanditreallymadea19timeinmylifealittlebetter.ShemaythinkIhelpedher;20,Itrulyfeelliketheonewhowasbeinggiftedsomethingamazing.1.A.donateB.cancelC.winD.return2.A.keptB.approachedC.decoratedD.exited3.A.shyB.crazyC.disappointedD.positive4.A.forbadeB.encouragedC.requestedD.allowed5.A.ownB.employersC.husbandsD.sons6.A.painfulB.convenientC.funnyD.secure7.A.orderB.shareC.helpD.pay8.A.fooledB.trustedC.inspiredD.annoyed9.A.throwingB.tearingC.pocketingD.losing10.A.videomakerB.porterC.gamesellerD.cheat11.A.patiencewithB.faithinC.respectforD.mercyon12.A.arguingB.lyingC.promisingD.explaining13.A.gameB.chequeC.ticketD.change14.A.laughingB.glancingC.yellingD.pointing15.A.inneedB.inpublicC.inreturnD.indanger16.A.offeredB.managedC.refusedD.decided17.A.cameoverB.droveawayC.felldownD.pulledup18.A.differenceB.livingC.bargainD.profit19.A.happyB.carefreeC.confusingD.hard20.A.finallyB.thereforeC.howeverD.otherwise课时作业(二十一).【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了美国著名女科学家Marie Tharp的故事。1.B推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Her father William Edgar Tharp, was a soil surveyor for the United States Department of Agriculture, and the Tharps went to wherever his work took him. Ms Tharp once said that by the time she graduated from high school, she had attended two dozen public schools across the country.”可推知,由于父亲工作的关系,Tharp一家经常搬家,故选B。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“While working as a geologist for an oil company in Oklahoma, Ms Tharp earned a degree in mathematics from the University of Tulsa in 1948.”和对本段内容的整体理解可知,Tharp 和 Heezen是从1948年开始一起共事的,故选C。3.D推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“In 1949, Mr Ewing and his team started a quest to map the sea floor using sonar soundings (声呐探测).”和对本段的整体理解可推知,Tharp所绘制的海底地图是基于Ewing和他的团队的研究而形成的,故选D。4.A推理判断题。根据第四段Wilford 的描述“It is, however, one of the most remarkable achievements in modern cartography(制图学).”可推知,Wilford对这样的地图给予了高度评价,故选A。.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。技术创新可能不会给你一种温暖的感觉。事实上,它能创造奇迹。创新让科技真正了解我们的生活方式。创新让我们腾出更多的时间给朋友和家人,证明自己的身份,把好主意变成现实。创新让我们的生活更加方便。1.D根据下文“Messaging apps are examples of technology that are helping bring people together. Its ready to continue improving our lives as innovation allows technology to really understand how we live.” 可知,科技可以创造奇迹,加深我们的人际关系,故选D。2.B根据对本段的整体理解可知,本段主要讲述创新使我们做的事情变得更容易,让我们有更多的时间和朋友、家人在一起,这与B项内容吻合,故选B。3.E承接上句“With fingerprints and voice recognition, technology keeps getting better at proving we are who we say we are.”可知,随着指纹和语音识别技术的不断完善,科技让我们更善于证明自己的身份,由此可推知,这种技术可以使我们更容易信任我们在网上建立的联系,故选E项。4.F根据下文“By connecting dreamers and inventors to a new type of capital, technology is giving more creative ideas their opportunity to become a reality.”可知,如果人们感兴趣就可以给这些项目投资,从而使这些创造性的想法变为现实,故选F。5.G根据下文“And think about how great it will be when you can interact with your friends and relatives in virtual reality.”以及句子的结构可知选项G符合语境,故选G。.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者在穷困潦倒时帮助他人,事实上也帮助了自己的故事。1.B根据上文“About six years ago I was going through a tough time, trying to work two jobs to afford my rent.”可知,作者处境艰难,因此去零售商那里取消自己的订单,故选B。donate捐献;cancel取消;win赢得;return返回,归还。2.D根据下文“I walked back in and bought the Kinect.”可推知,当时作者要离开商店,故选D。keep保持,保留;approach靠近;decorate装饰;exit退出,离开。3.A根据语境“Though it was in broad daylight, I wasand kept some distance when I walked over.”可推知,尽管是大白天,作者走过去时,还是有点害羞,并保持一定距离,故选A。shy害羞的;crazy疯的,疯狂的;disappointed失望的;positive积极的,乐观的。4.C根据语境“She said she couldnt walk”可推知,那位女士因为无法行走而请求作者帮忙,故选C。forbid禁止;encourage鼓励;request请求,要求;allow允许。5.D根据下文“This is what my sons been longing for.”可知,那位女士要给自己的儿子买一款游戏作为圣诞礼物,故选D。own自己的;employs 老板的;husbands 丈夫的;sons儿子的。6.A根据语境“Due to her leg disease”可推知,由于腿疾,女士走路时会很痛苦,故选A。painful痛苦的,疼的;convenient便利的,方便的;funny搞笑的;secure安全的。7.C根据语境可知,女士由于腿疾,提前打了电话,但店员不愿意帮忙,所以她只好求助作者,与下文“She may think I helped her”呼应,故选C。order命令;share分享;help帮助;pay付钱。8.B根据语境a complete stranger可推知,作者对这个陌生人居然相信自己感到有些意外,与下文“What was it that stopped me from lying about the payment method and justher cash?”呼应,故选B。fool愚弄,欺骗;trust信任;inspire激励;annoy惹恼。9.C根据语境“stopped me from lying about the payment method”可推知,作者在纳闷自己为什么没有把女士的现金据为己有,故选C。throw扔;tear撕开;pocket将据为己有;lose丢失。10.D与上文“lying about the payment method”呼应可推知,那位女士并不了解作者,也不知道作者可能是个骗子,会骗走她的钱,故选D。video maker电子游戏制造者;porter杂务工,服务员;game seller游戏销售者;cheat骗子。11.B根据上文“What was it that stopped me from lying about the payment method and justher cash?”可推知,作者纳闷那位女士为什么如此信赖一个陌生人,故选B。have patience with对有耐心;have faith in对信任;have respect for对尊重;have mercy on对仁慈。12.D根据语境“I had to pay with her card it was above $100 at the time”可推知,作者归还现金,使用了信用卡支付,作者对此进行了解释和说明,故选D。argue争论;lie撒谎;promise承诺,允诺;explain解释。1