阳光高考名师讲堂——《以文本为英语复习载体促进知识向能力的转换》课件.ppt

以文本为英语复习载体 促进知识向能力的转换,康美华,福建省厦门第一中学,复习过程中存在的现象,高考考什么？,以文本为英语复习载体 促进知识向能力的转换,一、复习过程中存在的现象,1、脱离文本复习词汇，简单易操作。,词汇的讲解, 语言知识的记忆, 无限拓展, 忽视语言能力的培养,- Alice was born on January 26th and her husband, 29th of the same month. -Oh, their birthdays are only three days _. （2012届高三3月质检） A. away B. apart C. later D. further apart: (1) If things are a particular time apart, they have that much time between them. (2) If things are apart, they have an amount of space between them.,脱离文本语篇的词汇记忆将使词汇失去其丰富的内涵。掌握了词汇拼写并不代表拥有运用技能。,受思维定势影响 缺乏语篇意识,一、复习过程中存在的困惑及问题,1、脱离文本复习词汇。 2、复习课=习题讲评课。,A or B or C or D? 忽视了文本的意义 校对-讲评-再做-再校对 偏爱单项选择 缺有效互动，无期待,一、复习过程中存在的现象,1、脱离文本复习词汇。 2、复习课=习题讲评课。 3、背诵模板作文，忽视真实语篇素材的积累。,标准书面表达范文 忽视了真实语篇素材的有效积累,一、复习过程中存在的现象,1、脱离文本复习词汇。 2、复习课=习题讲评课。 3、背诵模板作文。 4、一次性使用完形阅读语篇。,周考，省市质检、全国各地模拟试题 无暇顾及做过的题目 忽视了完形和阅读语篇材料,“语言知识”=“语言能力”?,二、高考考什么？考基础知识？考能力？,（1）听力部分的试题采用教育部考试中心统一命制的试题。 （2）单项填空：着重考查语法和词汇知识在特定语境中的应用，要特别注意语境的设置，并保证主干知识的覆盖面。 （3）完形填空:考查考生的阅读理解能力和词汇的综合运用能力，所选语言材料要有利于考生进行语篇分析，要保证本大题有较好的区分度。,（4）阅读理解主要考查考生获取、分析和处理信息的能力，所选语言材料应力求题材丰富、题材多样、语言地道，并且能够贴近时代、贴近社会、贴近生活；阅读题五篇总词汇量(含文章与设题)一般控制在22002400个词之间。,2014考试说明文本的修改： “读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。”,（5）短文填词：该题考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语语法、词汇及正确拼写单词的能力。重点考查语篇理解和语言表达能力。考查以实词为主，兼顾其他词类。所选材料应力贴近考生生活和学习实际，符合考生书面表达的实际水平。,短文填词修订： 第二卷第一节短文填词文本的长度由原来的130词左右增加到180个左右，同时，对应的答题区作适当调整，由文本的右边移到文本下面 。,（6）书面表达： 该题考查考生用书面形式表达思想、情感和传递信息的交际能力。命题题材应贴近考生的认知水平和生活经验，有利于考生水平的正常发挥。,特定语境 语境的设置 阅读理解能力 综合运用能力语篇分析 文本的长度,在语境中考查语法和词汇知识，考查学生的语篇分析能力，考查学生获取、分析和处理信息的能力。,能力立意,三、以文本为复习载体，促进知识向能力的转换,什么是文本？,文本，是指书面语言的表现形式，从文学的角度说，通常是具有完整、系统含义（Message）的一个句子或多个句子的组合。因此，一个文本可以是一个句子（Sentence）、一个段落（Paragraph）或者一个篇章（Discourse）。如基本由词汇组成的思维导图、广告材料等，也可以看做是文本。,语言脱离了语境，语言交际便失去了意义。而语境是通过文本来实现。语境能够影响文本意义生成的方向、广度和深度。文本有待于读者阅读。,文本的作用是什么？,文本,文本是语言的实际运用形态。英语的复习必须依托文本来进行。,文本的来源? 全国各地的高考试题、各地模拟试题、学校的周考卷、专项训练、课外作业等材料; 网络、报刊、杂志等,文本,以文本为复习载体， 促进知识向能力的转换,一、利用文本实现语言学习。,1. 创设有时效性、趣味性、地域性的语境，激发学生对词汇、语法学习的热情。,以文本为复习载体， 促进知识向能力的转换,(1) 以单选题型呈现： (以厦门、福州、泉州的期末质检为例),（厦门市上期末质检） 23. TV series Where Are We Going, Dad have made an _ on kids since it was broadcast on Hunan TV. A. explanation B. investigation C. operation D. impression 31. Xiamen-Shenzhen High Speed Railway opened to traffic on Dec. 28 last year, _ the two of Chinas economic zones. A. to link B. linking C. linked D. having linked,35. Not until Edward Snowdens letout _ that the NSA planted agents inside “World of Warcraft”, an online game. A. did the world know B. had the world known C. the world knew D. the world had known,（福州市期末质检） 29. With the word “PM2.5”_ in media reports, people pay greater attention to it and seek healthy tips for smoggy days. A. constantly B. instantly C. rarely D. directly 30. The No. 1 underground, hopefully _ in the near future, will greatly improve the traffic conditions in Fuzhou. A. opens B. to be opened C. open D. will be opened,34. _ more than 100 million references to the word “tuhao” on social media since early September. A. It has been B. There is C. There have been D. They are,（泉州质检） 23. It has been announced that the 2014 World Cup _ in Brazil from June 12-July 13, 2014, in 12 hosting cities. A. will stage B. has staged C. will be staged D. is staged 29. Nowadays, it is common to see people staring at their mobile phones instead of reading a real book, _ many experts are worried. A. when B. for which C. where D. about which,34. An underwater hotel has been opened in Africa, with its rooms _ on the bottom of a three-level floating building. A. to sit B. sit C. sitting D. sat,充足的语境，时代发展的特征，符合学生的认知规律，引起学生的共鸣，激发已有的图式。,以文本为复习载体， 促进知识向能力的转换,（2）以句子的形式呈现：,Dreams do come true, if we only wish hard enough. You can have anything in life if you will sacrifice everything else for it. （报刊）,Sometimes I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered. Every time I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind others. （课本Book 7）,The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve peoples well-being and a dream of harmony, peace and development. (2013高考单选21), The Forbidden City attracts a constant stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays. (2013高考单选25),句子的出处：字典、教材、报刊杂志、新闻媒体等。,以文本为复习载体， 促进知识向能力的转换,（3）以短文填词的方式呈现,选择一篇180词左右的文本根据你想要考查的词汇进行改编，学生完成任务后还可成为一篇很好的文本诵读材料。,以文本为复习载体， 促进知识向能力的转换,(4)精读文本，感悟词汇之美,在真实的语境中复习语法知识。,词语是语言中最基本的单位，一个精彩的句子往往就是由一些重点词语凸现出来的，这些词语在整个句子中具有画龙点睛的作用。建议研读精选已完成的完形或阅读语篇供学生精读。,以2013年的福建高考完形填空为例。,2013年的福建高考完形填空,2013年的福建高考完形填空是一篇记叙文，是由一篇1500多词的文章改编而来，作者在文中费了很多笔墨描写环境、心情等，题目的设置着重考查考生上下文理解的基础上运用词汇的能力，凸显了词汇语境化的特点。,2013年的福建高考完形填空,“We have been driving in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now. The little seaside villages are appearing, one by one.” I can still see the enthusiastic family pouring into and out of the house.,如语境：,3. the memories rushing back, swift as the tide (潮水). 4. To be rooted is “to have an origin“. We need that origin.,如语境：,2013年的福建高考完形填空,如词汇：,lift, seek roots, treasured memories, mobile children, long for, long to do, a sense of home, pull up 1) We have been driving in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now 2) the mobile children: not fixed in one position, and easy to move and use in different places,2013年的福建高考完形填空,1. We have been driving in fog all morning 2. “There is my grandmothers house,“ I say, pointing across the bay. 3. I am in ., seeking roots ., retracing memories 4. and I tell her what it was like here, the memories rushing back, swift as the tide (潮水).,如语法：,2013年的福建高考完形填空,5. I can still see the enthusiastic family pouring into and out of the house. 6. To be rooted is “to have an origin“. 7. Looking backward, we discover what is unique in us.,如语法：,精输入是语言学习的重要渠道，在总复习过程中不可忽视文本的精读。只有精泛读结合才能真正提高学生语言知识的运用能力和阅读水平。但是这部分还需要教师的悉心指导, 这种诵读才能实现真正的突破。,2. 通过文本学习词义辨析、熟词（生）新意、一词多义、长难句理解，激发学生动脑思考，提高词语猜测能力，培养思维能力。,以文本为复习载体， 促进知识向能力的转换,Four steps to succeed: Stand the loneliness, withstand the temptation, understand how to give up, learn to choose.,成功人生四步曲：耐住寂寞,抵住诱惑,懂得放弃,学会选择。,（1） 一词多义 - stand 的用法,2. Though the president has resigned, the rule still stands. 3. We went to a news stand and bought a newspaper. (a coat-stand, a taxi-stand, a music stand) 4. He felt the need to make a stand against the proposal.,We often find that even if we understand every word of a sentence, we still dont know what it adds up to.,（2）句子理解,例1（2011年浙江完形）As I needed to sleep in the afternoon, I was limited in my _42_. I decided that I would consider _43_ to singing in restaurants. 42. A. movement B. condition C. choices D. positions 43. A. reaching out B. living up C. getting on D. going back,52. I have 800 karaoke songs in here. You can take your _ and Ill record for you. A. pick B. turn C. role D. step You can have any one you like - take your pick. (朗文字典),If you run out of lives, earn them instead of rushing to buy more. Otherwise, you might go broke from mobile gaming.,(涉及个人的阅历、经历，玩游戏),例2 以2013年江苏高考卷为例： 阅读理解C篇,讲评过程中，老师要关注文本内容，关注学生的 思维过程，寻找激发学生思维的爆破点，培养学 生的思维能力和理解能力。,3、利用文本构建语篇意识，掌握文章的篇章结构。,以2013江苏卷完形填空为例,以文本为复习载体， 促进知识向能力的转换,这是一篇夹叙夹议的散文，主题是围绕作者对美国梦的认识变化而展开，开始以为美国梦就是追求个人的成功，后来在遭遇一系列不幸之后他对美国梦有了新的认识，即如何实现大家共同的成功。,the Americain Dream,chase separately,unhappy events,fall apart,a shared one,. The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one. It is not so much about what I can get for myself; its about how we can all get by together.,以报刊文章Smog in the sky 为例,以文本为复习载体， 促进知识向能力的转换,二、运用文本内容，提高学生提取有效信息和批判性思维能力的同时，感知文本亮点，积累写作素材，通过借鉴、模仿语言表达提高写作能力。,例1： Smog in the sky,要求在仔细研读文本的基础上: 1. 自主分析文本，查找并提取主要相关信息; 2. 划出好词、好句; 3. 写出outline或画出思维导图; 4. 根据以上信息，结合自己的已有图式，生成或再构完整语篇。,近年来，中国不少城市的空气质量引发社会各界高度关注。请根据漫画，结合内容要求写一篇英语短文向英文报社投稿。 内容要求： 1. 简要描述漫画内容； 2. 分析现象产生原因； 3. 发表个人看法（至少两点）.。 4. 参考词汇： 雾霾haze,最近的一项调査显示，我国每年餐桌上浪费的食物髙达2000亿元,相当于2亿多人一年 的口粮.近日,某英语报以Join in the “Clean Your Plate ” Campaign为题向中学生征文。请根据 提示,用英语写一篇短文应征。内容包括:浪费的原因;浪费的后果;你的看法和措施。,2013年福建省普通高中毕业班质量检查,注意： 1. 短文的标题和开头已给出;不计入总词数； 2. 可根据提示和内容要点适当发挥； 3. 词数120左右。 参考词汇：资源 resource; .剩菜 leftovers Join in the “Clean Your Plate ” Campaign We often see people waste food because _,作文的话题是提倡节约的“光盘行动”，要求学生看图写议论文，既是社会热点又契合生活实际，让学生有话可说。由于题目要求对食物浪费的原因和后果进行分析，对学生的思辨能力和语言驾驭能力提出了较高的要求，要想得高分并不容易。,huge public spending,Chinese cultural value of face,be unaware of the issue,raise consumers awareness of saving food,以 Left on the plate 为例,be fined and punished raise prices of food,运用思维导图，开展思维活动，构建文章的框架,学生在阅读的基础上，根据获得的信息，设计思维导图、流程图、树形图等表示事情的发展过程。,例2：设置问题-回答问题- 信息加工和处理 - 构建语篇。以报刊文章protecting puffins 为例,1. What happens to puffins? 2. What are the causes of their trouble? 3. What are your suggestions to the situation?,学生自主分析文本 查找并提取相关信息 整合文本中的好词好句与自己的思想，再构文本， 促进语言表达与思想层次的提高，真正提高英语写 作的能力。 积累写作素材 有效开展写作训练,三、利用文本解读内化语言技能的同时，丰富背景知识，进而感悟思想和文化。,以文学作品阅读为例。通过文本解读，掌握文本的主题，感悟作者的写作态度和思想，掌握阅读技巧和学习策略，并拓展外延，丰富学生的背景知识，渗透思想和文化。,以文本为复习载体， 促进知识向能力的转换,厦门市2013-2014学年高三上质量检测阅读D篇,Night Walks - Charles Dickens,Charles Dickens describes in “Night Walks“ his time as an insomniac when he decided to cure himself by walking through London in the small hours, and discovered homelessness, drunkenness, and vice on the streets. In the essay “Night Walks”, Charles Dickens relies on personification and a number of striking analogies to convey the experience of walking Londons streets after midnight.,1. 文字性的解读,以文本为复习载体， 促进知识向能力的转换,先从文字性的解读入手。,Para. 2 In the course of those nights，I finished my education in a fair amateur experience of houselessness. My major object being to get through the night，the pursuit of it brought me into sympathetic relations with people who have no other object every night in the year.,那几晚，我从做业余流浪汉的亲身经历中颇长了些见识。为了挨过长夜，我到处游荡，因而懂得了那些有着同样遭历的夜巡人，他们一年到头夜夜都这般度过。,At length these lights would die away, worn out - the last waking life walked home from some late pieman or hot-potato man - and London would sink to rest. And then the longing of the houseless mind would be for any sign of company，any lighted place， any movement, anything suggestive of any one being up - nay， even so much as awake，for the houseless eye looked out for lights in windows.,Night Walks - Charles Dickens,此时，流浪汉满心向往的就是有同伴存在的迹象：一个亮灯的地方、一点儿动静，以及表明还有人在活动不，哪怕只是还醒着的任何事物。流浪汉的眼睛在寻找窗户里的光亮。,And then the longing of the houseless mind would be for any sign of company，any lighted place， any movement, anything suggestive of any one being up - nay， even so much as awake，for the houseless eye looked out for lights in windows.,Night Walks - Charles Dickens,2. 在文字意义解读的基础上进一步对作者的写作意图、观点和技巧进行分析，实施对文本的文学性解读。,70. The last paragraph is intended to _. (express loneliness and longings of houseless men) Which of the following best describes the authors tone in this passage? (bitter),（ 2013年福建卷阅读D篇） 2013年高考英语试卷的一个突出亮点，文章巧妙套用世界名著傲慢与偏见章节，独辟蹊径夹叙夹议，深刻评述性别歧视依然存在的这一社会现实，从而鼓舞当代女性勇于和男性竞争以获得平等地位。文章将古典文学的欣赏性与现实批判性有机地结合起来，试题较好地考查考生的批判性思维能力，对引导中学英语教学回归语言学习的本真，抛弃死记硬背，扩大文学阅读，具有良好的反拨与导向作用。,26部文学经典开场白和结束语，不妨给学生读一读。其中有双城记，百年孤独， 茶花女，呼啸山庄，复活，变形记，了不起的盖茨比, 飘等。,26部文学经典,It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.,我今日所做的事远比我往日的所作所为更好， 更好；我今日将享受的安息远比我所知的一 切更好，更好。,No1 双城记 查尔斯狄更斯,In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that Ive been turning over in my mind ever since. “Whenever you feel like criticizing any one, “ he told me, “just remember that all the people in this world havent had the advantages that youve had.”,“我年纪还轻、阅历不深的时候，我父亲教导过我一句话，我至今还念念不忘。每逢你想要批评任何人的时候，他对我说，你就记住，这个世界上所有的人，并不是个个都有过你拥有的那些优越条件。”,No 11 了不起的盖茨比,Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but thats no matter to-morrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther And one fine morning - So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.,盖茨比信奉这盏绿灯，这个一年年在我们眼前渐渐远去的极乐的未来。它从前逃脱了我们的追求，不过那没关系明天我们跑得更快一点，把胳臂伸得更远一点总有一天 于是我们继续奋力前行，逆水行舟，被不断地向后推，被推入到过去。,文学作品是民族文化的精华，是内化语言技能的有效方式。通过对文本的研读与思考，让学生对西方文化具有深入透彻的了解，丰富目标语国家的背景知识，让学生在阅读过程中能顺利进行语篇的理解。因此鼓励学生多自觉阅读，形成阅读素养和文化素养。英语学习是需要学生在真实语境浸泡中成长。,以文本为复习载体， 促进知识向能力的转换,四、给学生留白，让学生自主实施文本构建，提高综合运用能力。,留白就是留给学生思考、自主学习、自主提高的空间。你是否在宝贵的上课时间给学生留白吗？,以文本为复习载体， 促进知识向能力的转换,例1: 给漫画添加文本。下面这幅漫画来自时事，要求学生在读图的基础上构建文本，要求行文流畅，有一定的思想性。,以文本为复习载体， 促进知识向能力的转换,The cartoons above depict a common phenomenon. . Its obvious that the son is self-centr