概念意义和关联意义.ppt

GROUP NO.1（08英D） 李金娇 陈雅萍 郭丽君 叶 慧 张家贝,Lexical Meaning(词汇意义）,Lexical Meaning(词汇意义）,The lexical meaning of English words consists of conceptual（概念意义） meaning and associative meaning（关联意义）. Conceptual meaning is the core of words meaning. It refers to the object directly and clearly. So it is also called referential meaning.,The difference and connection between conceptual meaning and associative meaning,When conceptual meaning is settled, this meaning is relatively stable and clear. It has relative stability . Associative meaning is the added meaning(附带意义）of the word, including personal affections(感情色彩) and style meaning(文体意义）. It has to correspond personal understandings of the speaker. Associative meaning is very unstable, and can change easily according to the situation.,Examples,Father：父亲 Dad:父亲，爸爸(informal) Daddy: often used by young children Papa: (old-fashioned), used by children to talk about and address their father The old man:某人的父亲 Male parent:男性家长（formal) They have the same conceptual meaning ”father”, but their usages are different according to the different situations.,Examples,The same concept”伤害”. Injury：to harm yourself or sb. else physically, especially in accidents. e.g. In the traffic accident, two were killed and three get injured. Wound: an injury to part of the body, especially one in which a hole is made in the skin using a weapon. e.g. The soldier was badly wounded in the head. Hurt: less informal than injury, often used orally, referring to the physical harm. e.g. The girl fell off her bike, and one of her legs hurt. Harm: often used orally, physically or mentally, can cause upset e.g. Getting up early wont harm you! 早起对你没有害处!,Conceptual meaning,Words conceptual meaning is virtually the definition given by dictionaries. A word can be used to indicate not only the collectivity but also the individual. Thats to say, a word can has both the generic and specific reference. These are some examples to demonstrate this point.,Hound refers to any dog in the past, but in modern English, it is used to express a special kind of dog.,Dog used for hunting typically having large drooping ears,girl: young person of either sex young people of female sex,deer: any animal a particular kind of animal,meat: food edible part of an animal corn: grain a particular grain,While we are learning a word, firstly we should have a mastery of its conceptual meaning, especially learning foreign languages. A words meaning can be quite different from what you guess it is. For example: Cooker is not a person who cooks but cooking utensil. Typewriter also doesnt indicate a person but the device used for typing.,Many words only have conceptual meaning but no associative meanings,Examples: Statistician n.统计学家；统计员 Bailee n.【法律】 (财物的) (保管) 受托人 Steakhouse n. (专门供应牛排的) 牛排餐馆 bedstead n.床架 Bedclothes n. 床上用品；铺盖,Many words only have conceptual meaning but no associative meanings, especially Scientific and Technical Terms：,Germicide n.杀菌剂 Industrial Psychology 工业心理学 Astrionics 宇航电子学 Guided Missile 导弹 Aircraft Carrier 航空母舰 Videophone 可视电话 E-mail 电子邮件,Some English words have several different conceptual meanings, i.e. Polysemy.,Polysemy 一词多义 Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages that one word may have two or more senses or different meanings.,Example:,mechanics n. 1、力学；机械学 2、用作复数(机械等)结构；构成 3、用作复数技术性细节；例行手续；例行方法 Beauty Beauty is but skin deep. 美貌(抽象意义) She is a real beauty. 美女(具体意义),When in speech, words not only can be used to Convey information, Describe and explain, Narrate, and