计算机专业英语第二章第二节幻灯.ppt

Section 2 Data Communications Channels 1.1 课前导读 1.2 课堂教学 1.2.1 New Words 1.2.2 Phrases 1.2.3 Abbreviations 1.2.4 Text 1.3 Exercises,1.1 课前导读 To get here to there, data must move through something. A telephone line, cable, or the atmosphere are all transmission media, or channels. But before the data can be communicated, it must be converted into a form suitable for communication. Specifically, five kinds of technology are used to transmit data. These are telephone lines (twisted pair), coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, microwave, and satellite.,1.2 课堂教学 1.2.1 New Words antenna n. 天线 axis n. 轴心, 中轴 baseband n. 基带 Boost v. 增加，放大 cable n. 电缆 charge n. 电荷 cladding n. 金属包层, 外罩 coaxial adj. 同轴的, 共轴的 Configuration n. 配置，结构，布局，格局,curvature n. 弯曲，曲度，弧度 Electromagnetic adj. 电磁的 fiber-optic n. 光纤 garble v. 精选, 筛去的杂质, 误解 gauge n. 规格，标准 geostationary adj. 与地球相对位置保持不动的 interference n. 干扰，串扰，干涉 immune adj. 免疫的 multidrop n. 多点,outcome n. 结果，产量， 出口 phase v. 逐步采用 pole n. 极(点)；杆；电极 pulse n. 脉冲 relay v. 中继，转播 sheath n. 外皮，外层复盖物 shield n. 屏, 保护; 防护，屏蔽 strand n. 绳股，绞合线 susceptible adj. 灵敏的（敏感的）,twisted n. 扭绞的 utilization n. 应用，利用 woven adj. 纺织的，编织的 1.2.2 Phrases coaxial cable 同轴电缆 fiber-optic cable 光缆 geostationary orbiting satellite 轨道通信卫星 multiple-conductor 多重导体 phase out （ 逐步）取消,twisted pair 双绞线 woven wire 钢丝网，铁丝网 1.2.3 Abbreviations LED （Light-Emitting Diode） 发光二极管,1.2.4 Text To get here to there, data must move through something. A telephone line, cable, or the atmosphere are all transmission media, or channels. But before the data can be communicated, it must be converted into a form suitable for communication. Data communications lines can be connected in two types of configurations: point-to-point and multidrop. A point-to-point line directly connects the sending and the receiving devices, and a multidrop line connects many devices, not just one sending device and one receiving device.,The two ways of connecting microcomputers with each other and with other equipments are through the cable and through the air. There are three basic forms into which data can be converted for communication: electrical pulses or charges, electromagnetic waves, and pulses of light. Specifically, five kinds of technology are used to transmit data. These are telephone lines (twisted pair), coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, microwave, and satellite.,Telephone Lines 1 Inexpensive, multiple-conductor cable comprised of one or more pairs of 18 to 24 gauge copper strands. The strands are twisted to improve protection against electromagnetic and radio frequency interference. The cable, which may be either shielded or unshielded, is used in low-speed communications, as telephone cable. It is used only in baseband networks because of its narrow bandwidth. Most telephone lines you see strung on poles consist of cables made up of hundreds of copper wires are twisted pairs. Twisted pairs are susceptible to a variety of types of electrical interference (noise), which limits the practical distance that data can be transmitted without being garbled. Twisted pairs have been used for years for voice and data transmission, however they are now being phased out by more technically advanced and reliable media.,Coaxial Cable Coaxial cable is a type of thickly insulated copper wire that can carry a larger volume of dataabout 100 million bits per second, the insulation is composed of a nonconductive material covered by a layer of woven wire mesh and heavy-duty rubber or plastic. In terms of number of telephone connections, a coaxial cable has 80 times the transmission capacity of twisted pair. Coaxial cables are most often used as the primary communications medium for local connected network in which all computer communication is within a limited geographic area, such as in the same building. Coaxial cable is also used for undersea telephone lines.,Fiber-Optic Cable 2A transmission medium composed of a central glass optical fiber cable surrounded by cladding and an outer protective sheath. It transmits digital signals in the form of modulated light from a laser or LED (light-emitting diode). In fiber-optic cable, data is transmitted as pulses of light through tubes of glass. In terms of number of telephone connections, fiber-optic cable has 20,000 times the transmission capacity of twisted pair. However, it is significantly smaller. Indeed, a fiber-optic tube can be half the diameter of a human hair. Although limited in the distance they can carry information, fiber-optic cables have several advantages. Such cables are immune to electronic interference, which makes them more secure. They are also lighter and less expensive than coaxial cable and are more reliable at transmitting data. They transmit information using beams of light at light speeds instead of pulses of electricity, making them far faster than copper cable. Fiber-optic cable is rapidly replacing twisted-pair telephone lines.,Microwave Instead of using wire or cables, microwave systems can use the atmosphere as the medium through which to transmit signals. Microwaves are high-frequency radio waves that travel in straight lines through the air. Because the waves cannot bend with the curvature of the earth, they can be transmitted only over short distances. Thus, microwave is a good medium for sending data between buildings in a city or on a large college campus. For longer distances, the waves must be relayed by means of “dishes“, or antennas. These can be installed on towers, high buildings, and mountaintops. Each tower facility receives incoming traffic, boosts the signal strength, and sends the signal to the next station.,Satellites 3Satellite communications refers to the utilization of geostationary orbiting satellites to relay the transmission received from one earth station to one or more earth stations. They are the outcome of research in the area of communications whose objective is to achieve ever-increasing ranges and capacities with the lowest possible costs. Orbiting about 22,000 miles above the earth, satellites rotate at a precise point and speed above the earth. This makes them appear stationary so they can amplify and relay microwave signals from one transmitter on the ground to another. The primary advantage of satellite communication is the amount of area that can be covered by a single satellite.,It also has other features: long communication distance, and the cost of station building is independent of the communication distance, operating in broadcasting mode, easy for multiple access, sustaining heavy traffic, able to transport different types of service, independent sending and receiving, and monitoring. Three satellites placed in particular orbits can cover the entire surface of the earth, with some overlap. Their only drawback is that bad weather can sometimes interrupt the flow of data.,1.3 Exercises . Write true or false for the following statements according to the passage. 1. ( ) Air can be used to transmit data. 2. ( ) Point-to-poing and multidrop are two types of configuration for communications lines connecting. 3. ( ) Twisted pairs are susceptible to noise, which limits the practical distance they can transmit. 4. ( ) Coaxical cable and twisted pairs are all high-frequency transmission cables. 5. ( ) Optic-fiber cables can transmit both electrical and light signals.,6. ( )Optic-fiber cables are more secure because they are not susceptible to electrical interference. 7. ( ) Microwave can transmit data over long distances. 8. ( ) The primary advantage of satellite communication is the long distance a single satellite can cover. 9. ( ) Three satellites placed in random orbits can cover the entire surface of the earth. 10. ( ) Of all the five kinds of communications channels, because they all have their own advantages and disadvantages, so they can not replace with each other,. Fill in the blanks according to the passage. 1. The two ways of connecting microcomputers with each other and with other equipments are through the _ and through the _. 2. Data communications lines can be connected in two types of configurations: _ and _. 3. Twisted pairs are _ to a variety of types of electrical interference (noise), which limits the practical distance that data can be transmitted without being _ 4. _ transmits digital signals in the form of modulated light fro