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非 谓 语 动 词,一非谓语动词(五项)基础知识 (一)非谓语动词种类和基本形式 (二)区分动词形式是谓语形式还是非谓语形式(注意记忆) (三)非谓语动词的句法功能(成分) (四)非谓语动词的逻辑主语及其表达法 (五)单个非谓语动词与非谓语动词短语 非谓语动词解题步骤(第一步:谓语还是非谓语) 二非谓语动词的用法区别 (按照成分对比:其中主语、定语、状语和表语多重在理解;宾语和宾补多数为习惯搭配,应加强理解记忆积累) 三非谓语动词的其它易混问题 1/2/3 四非谓语动词考试命题规律 非谓语动词与其它从句的转换,一、非谓语动词五项基础知识 (要熟练掌握),(一)非谓语动词种类和基本形式(以do为例)语法大全P228:(1) 只有及物动词才有被动式, 不及物动词无被动式 语法大全P228:(1) 试题整合分类: 2. 当表示否定意义时,使用非谓语动词的否定式 非谓语动词的否定式: 语法大全P229:(3) 非谓语动词的否定式是在非谓语动词前加not的形式(不定式前也可以用never以示强调) 如: not to do ; not to have done ; not being done; not having done; not having been done; not done; never to do; my not being done等 试题整合分类:42、49、(116)、158、208、,3. 非谓语动词的(相对)时间意义: 一般情况下,使用非谓语动词的一般式语法大全P229:(5) 当非谓语动词的动作在谓语动作之前发生时,用非谓语动词的完成式语法大全P229:(5) (相对的时间对比) 当谓语动作发生时,非谓语动词的动作正在进行,用非谓语动词的进行式。语法大全P229:(5) 试题整合分类:64、91、101、113、164、169、239、244、264、 hoped to have done = had hoped to do语法大全P230:(2、3) 非谓语动词的完成式一般不作(限制性)定语(但可作非限制性定语)。语法大全P229:(1)详见非谓语动词作定语部分 4.非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间有被动关系时,用非谓语动词的被动式 试题整合分类:270、,(二)区分动词形式是谓语形式还是非谓语形式(注意区分记忆) (1)谓语形式: was;were;do;did; does;have done;has been done; have been doing; had done; had been done; have been; had been ; has been; had been doing (2)非谓语形式to do; to be done;not to be done; to have been doing ; to have done; not to have been done; doing; being done;not being done; having done; not having done; having been done; done;not having been done; not done; to be doing; to have been,my not doing;等 判定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词(根据句子的标点、连词、插入语和句子成分等方式判断)(句号、破折号、分号等相当于并列连词and 等,并列一致; 有从句有主句;去掉插入语等) 试题整合分类: 13、33、48、133、50、51、68、70、73、88、93、96、98、99、(100)、118、146、159、163、(166)、192、210、224、231、237、242、250、258、262、,(三)非谓语动词的句法功能(句子成分) 语法大全P228:(2)-不能充当谓语,(四)非谓语动词的逻辑主语及其表达法 1逻辑主语(即:句子中某个成分就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语,取决于非谓语动词的句子成分) 非谓语动词作主语时,常为泛指的逻辑主语(不具体);It is useful to study English. 非谓语动词作宾语时,句子主语是其逻辑主语;非谓语动词作表语时,句子主语是其逻辑主语; 非谓语动词作状语时,句子主语是其逻辑主语;非谓语动词作定语时,所修饰名词是其逻辑主语; 非谓语动词作宾补时,句子宾语是其逻辑主语;非谓语动词作主补时,句子主语的是其逻辑主语;,2(非谓语动词)自身带有逻辑主语 不定式:for sb to do sth; of sb to do sth (结构:It is adj. for/of sb.to do sth.) 试题整合分类: his / Toms doing; 做主语、宾语或表语 语法大全P236: (4上) / P234下 1 、2、3 him / Tom doing做宾语语法大全P236:(4上) 试题整合分类:52、69、115、122、144、191、203、 He/Tom +doing(There being + -)独立主格结构做状语 语法大全P235下1、P236上2 He/Tom +done独立主格结构做状语。 语法大全P235下1、P236上2 详见后面 【with +宾语+宾补】复合结构 详见后面 语法大全P236 3 (五).(了解) 单个非谓语动词与非谓语动词短语 (根据句义和句子结构判断) 试题整合分类:46、,二、非谓语动词的用法区别(按成分对比区分) (其中主语、定语、状语和表语多重在理解;宾语和宾补多数为习惯搭配,应加强理解记忆),(一)、不定式和V-ing 形式作主语的区别: (1). 表示一般的、抽象的动作时用 V-ing 形式; (2). 表示将来的、具体的动作时用不定式。 有形式主语时 : (1). 一般用不定式 It + is + adj/n+ to do sth (2). It is no use doing sth和 It is no good doing sth句型中,习惯上用V-ing 形式 Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe(主语和表语要对称) Being done- 作主语being不可省略 试题整合分类:67、129、171、186、281,(二)不定式、V-ing 形式和过去分词作表语的区别: 1.表示一般的、抽象的动作时用 V-ing 形式; 表示将来的、具体的动作时用不定式。 2.不定式和V-ing 形式作表语时说明主语的内容(主语是事物,且主语和表语可交换位置;主语是人时,为将来时或进行时)。 区别:(1)Her job is to sweep the floor.= To sweep the floor is her job. His wish is to be a teacher (2) She is to sweep the floor (将来时,主语是“人”) (3) She is sweeping the floor(进行时,主语是“人”) 3.过去分词作表语,表示被动和完成(不及物动词只表动作完成)。 Sth. remains to be seen(还要)视情况而定 get done结构语法大全P168 : get changed, get married, get paid, get elected 试题整合分类:89、180、(202为进行时)、(212 get done结构),(三)不定式和V-ing 形式作宾语的区别 1.某些(及物)动词/词语后只跟不定式(作宾语): 语法大全P231(1) (1)refuse to do sth (2)promise to do sth (3)pretend to do sth./to be doing (4)agree to do sth (5)manage to do sth = succeed in doing sth与 try to do sth 不同 (6)fail to do sth( 未没能/没能干) (7)expect to do sth (8)long to do sth (9)want / wish / hope to do sth (10 )decide to do sth= make ones mind to do sth (11)plan to do sth (12 )prepare to do sth (13)ask to do sth,(14)offer to do sth (15)demand to do sth (16)beg to do sth (17)choose to do sth (18)help (to) do sth (19)set out to do sth= set about doing sth (20)do/ tryones best to do sth (21)would like do sth(22)used to do sth (23)afford to do sth, (24) why (not) do sth (25)happen to do sth (26)claim to do sth (大纲无这个词 ) (27)come to do / grow to do/ get to do 开始/逐渐/慢慢干某事 试题整合分类:39、80、(147 大纲无这个词 )、260、268、,2.某些(及物)动词/词语后只跟V-ing 形式(作宾语):语法大全P230(5) (1). enjoy doing sth (2). mind doing sth 比较: make ones mind to do sth (3). finish do sth (4). consider doing sth = think of doing sth (5). suggest doing sth (6). practise doing sth (7). imagine doing sth (8). keep (on) doing sth (9). miss doing sth(免于干/错过干某事) escape doing sth. (10). cant help/resist doing sth(禁不住干某事) cant help (to) do sth(不能帮助干某事) (11). delay doing sth (12)dislike doing sth (13).prevent doing sth (14). excuse sbs doing sth = excuse sbfor doing sth (15). advise doing sth 但:advise sbto do sth (16).allow /permit doing sth 但:allow / permit sbto do sth (17).forbid doing sth 但:forbid sbto do sth (18).be busy doing sth (19).risk doing sth. (21)admit doing (20).stand/bear doing sth (22)encourage doing / sbto do,些固定短语和介词后一般用V-ing作宾语 语法大全P229:(4)(but等除外) (1)give up doing sth (2)insist on doing sth (3)put off doing sth= delay doing sth (4)set about doing sth = set out to do sth(开始做) (5). feel like doing sth= want to do sth (6)dream of doing sth (7). think of doing sth= consider doing sth (8). devote oneself to doing sth=be devoted to doing sth (9). get down to (doing) sth(着手认真做) (10).look forward to doing sth = expect to do sth (11).be / get used to doing sth(习惯于做) 比较:used to do sth(过去常常做) (12).pay attention to doing sth (13).be sentenced to death (不用 die) (14).prevent/ stop/ keepfrom doing sth (15).spend (in) doing sth,(16)be (well) worth doing sth =be worth to be done / of being done (17)succeed in doing sth=manage to do sth (18)What about / How about doing sth? (19)It is no use doing sth (20)have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. (21)have a good time (in) doing sth.等。 (22). burst out crying / laughing = burst into tears / laughter (23). lead to (sbs) doing sth = lead sb. to do sth. = cause sb. to do sth. 试题整合分类:14、21、24、52、62、66、103、104、115、172、219、227、254、275、 试题整合分类:69、161、208、232、,3.有些动词后既可接不定式,又可接V- ing 形式,意义基本一样 语法大全P234(18) (1)一般情况下,下列动词接不定式和接V- ing 形式,意义基本一样。 like / love / prefer / hate to do sth = like / love / prefer / hate doing sth begin / start to do = begin / start doing sth continue to do sth= continue doing sth= continue with sth (2)区别: like,love,prefer,hate后表示一般的、抽象的动作时用 V-ing 形式;表示将来的、具体的动作时用不定式。 would like/love to have done 表本想干而未干 d like / d love / d prefer 后接 to do sth ( 即:有would,should时,用不定式)。 begin / start 本身为进行式时,后接to do sth (即:be beginning / starting to do sth.) begin / start后为realize、understand、know、see等心理状态的动词时只用不定式 试题整合分类:59、,4.有些动词后既可接不定式和接V- ing 形式,意义完全不同 语法大全P232下(1)P235+P236上 (1)remember to do sth记住 / 别忘了要做的事 (事实尚未做) remember doing sth记得(曾经)做过某事 (事实已做过)=having done (2)forget to do sth忘记要做的事 (事实尚未做) forget doing sth忘记(曾经)做过某事 (事实已做过=having done (3)regret to do sth对现在要发生的事表示“抱歉,遗憾” regret doing sth后悔做过某事 (对已做过的事表示“后悔”)=having done 注:以上区别关键要看后面的非谓语动作本身或事情本身事实上是否发生了(发生了,用doing ;否则,用to do) (4)stop to do sth停下来去做某事 (即stop后为要做的动作时,用不定式) stop doing sth停止做某事(即stop后为要停的动作时,用V-ing形式) (5)try to do sth设法、尽力、试图干某事 (表示“目的”,着重to do 动作本身有困难,可能过去试过但是失败了。) try doing sth试着做某事(试一试,试试看,表“手段”,doing动作本身好做,但能否解决问题却不得而知),(6)go on to do sth(干完一件事)接着干另一件事 (前后是两件事) go on doing sth 继续做同一件事 (前后是同一件事) go on with sth ( with 后接名词或代词,不接to do和V-ing形式) go on +活动名词(a trip / a visit 等)去进行-活动 (7)mean to do sth = want to do sth = intend to do sth想干,打算干 mean doing sth 意味着,意思是,就是 (8)be afraid to do sth 不敢干某事 be afraid of doing sth 害怕干某事 (9)learn to do sth 学会干某事 (表目的和结果) learn doing sth 学习干某事 (表动作过程) (10)(主语) want / need / require to do sth 想做 / 需要做 (表主动) (主语) want / need / require doing 需要做 (doing主动表被动) = want / need / require to be done 注:(10)中主动或被动是指主语与后面非谓语动词之间的关系。 (11).cannt help doing cant help (to) do (12)be sure of doing sth be sure to do sth. (13)come / go to do (目的) come/go (状语) doing (方式) 试题整合分类:15、29、35、45、53、81、131、134、138、173、(183)、251、,5疑问词to do一起作宾语、主语或表语(其内部疑问词作不定式的某个成分): 语法大全P231(4) how to deal with sth. / what to do with sth. how to do it/ what to do / which(one) to choose 试题整合分类:4、41、94、 6hoped to have done = had hoped to do d like to have done = d have liked to do 语法大全P230:(2、3) 试题整合分类:85,(四) 不定式、V-ing 形式和过去分词作宾补的区别: 非谓语动词作宾补,多数属于动词句型的搭配问题,有的vt只能用一种非谓语形式作宾补,有的vt可由两种或三种形式作宾补。 (句子变为被动句后,原来的宾补随之变为主补) 1.下列及物动词后只用不定式作宾补语法大全P231(6) 句型: Vt.+ sb+ to do sth 或 Vt+ sth + (to be) done ask sbto do sth beg sbto do sth expect sbto do sth persuade sbto sth order sbto do sth order sthto be done command sb to do sth force sbto do sth tell sbto (not) do sth warn sb(not) to do sth invite sbto do sth want sbto do sth - want sth. (to be) done等 promise sbto do sth答应某人干某事(主语干) allow / permit sbto do sth允许某人干某事(宾语干) 试题整合分类:83、197、204、,wait for sbto do sth类:语法大全P231(5) (1)call on sbto do sth 号召某人干某事 (2)long for sbto do sth渴望某人干某事 (3) demand of sb. to do sth. (4)depend on sb. to do sth. (5) arrange ( for) sb. to do sth. 试题整合分类: (1)advise sbto do sth advise doing sth语法大全P231(7) (2)allow sbto do sth allow doing sth (3)permit sbto do sthpermit doing sth (4)forbid sbto do sth forbid doing sth (5). encourage sbto do sth encourage doing sth (6). consider sb./sth to be - consider doing sth 注意:be advised to do sth 试题整合分类:72、228、,注意:下列动词后不能用不定式作宾补,而采用其它句式: (1)不说:hope sbto do sth 而用:hope + that-从句 (2)不说:agree sbto do sth而用:agree + that-从句/agree with sb. to do sth (3)不说:refuse sbto do sth 而用:refuse to let sb do sth (4)不说:demand sbto do sth而用:demand + that -从句(虚拟should + do) (5)“领着某人干某事”不说:lead sbto do sth 而用:lead sb+ 介词短语 因为:lead sb. to do sth.= cause sb.to sth.引起导致某人作某事 (6)不说:excuse sbto do sth 而用:excuse sbs doing /excuse sbfor doing sth (7)不说:prevent sbto do sth 而用:prevent sbform doing sth (8)不说:insist sbto do sth 而用:insist on sb/sbs doing sth 或insist + that-从句(虚拟should + do) (9)不说:suggest sbto do sth 而用:suggest sb/ sbs doing 或suggest + that-从句(虚拟should + do) (10)不说:imagine sbto do sth 而用:imagine sb/ sbs doing sth 试题整合分类:40、108、109、,2.感官动词后非谓语动词作宾补的区别 语法大全P232(4) (1)感官动词 + 宾语 + 宾补(do/doing/done) do sth(省to)-指经常性或一次性全过程 doing sth-指动作正在进行,描述瞬间动作 done-表示被动意义(不用being done, be done) 比较:I saw Bob beating the boy (正打) I saw Bob beat the boy (打了) I saw the boy beaten by Bob(被打,挨打) 注意:句子谓语变被动后,用做补语的不定式要加上to (2)感官动词:see,watch,notice,observe,look at;hear,listen to;feel(感到) 试题整合分类:30、76、157、95、124、,3.使役动词后非谓语动词作宾补的区别 语法大全P232(5) (1) force sbto do sth - be forced to do sth (不定式不省to) (2) let sbdo sth (不定式省to) (3) make sbdo sth (不定式省to) be made to do make oneself understood/ heard/ known/ seen/ not recognized(过去分词) 注:不说make sb doing sth (即 make后不用V-ing 形式作宾补),(4)have + 宾语 + done sth (表被动 请人干 宾语遭受) have + 宾语 + do sth (表主动 “让某人干某事”,指一次性全过程) have + 宾语 + doing sth(+延续时间状语) . 表主动“使处于反复不的进行状态.否定句或反问句中,表示 “不听任、不容忍反复发生” have had sth. done / had had sth done 为have sth done的完成时 (5)get + 宾语 + done ( “使被做” = have + 宾语 + done) get + 宾语 + to do sth “使做某事”,有劝说之意(不定式不省to) get + 宾语+ doing sth (“使开始做起某事”) 试题整合分类: 6、54、58、79、119、215; 19、37、102、110、120、142、150、259; 243,4.其它常用动词后非谓语动词作补语的区别 语法大全P230(4) +语法大全P231(3) (1)find + 宾语 + doing sth ( “发现正在干某事” ) be found - find + 宾语 + done (“发现被干”, 表被动) find + 宾语 + to have done sth(“发现干了谋事” 表主动完成) find + 宾语 + to be (“认为是”= think) (2)leave + 宾语+ doing sth(“让继续保持进行的状态” 表主动) leave + 宾语 + done (“让继续保持被动的状态”, 表被动) 注意:leave 有时含有“留下,离开”的意味。后不接to do sth (3)keep + 宾语 + doing sth(“使保持继续进行的状态” 表主动) keep + 宾语 + done (“使继续保持被动的状态”, 表被动) 注意:keep 后不接 to do sth,(4)catch sbdoing sth (“发觉/ 撞见某人干某事”, 常指干不好的事) 注意:catch后不接 to do sth和 done (5)send + 宾语 + doing sth ( “使迅速起来”) send sb to do sth (“派某人干某事”) (6)set + 宾语 + doing sth (“使迅速起来”) set sbto do sth = make sbdo sth (7)be said to do sth / to have done sth/ to be doing sth /to have been doing等 be believed/ considered/ reported/ supposed/known to - (8)lead sb. to do sth=lead to sb.s doing sth=cause sb. to sth 试题整合分类: 20、27、198; 57; 65、211; 187、222; 233; 278,5with / without + 宾语 + 宾补(done/doing/to do sth) done(表示被动、完成 doing sth(表示主动、进行) to do sth (表示主动、将来或未完成) 注意: with/without 结构在句中常作(伴随,原因,条件等)状语 试题整合分类:47、253、177(主动、将来或未完成) 6及物动词seat / dress / station / stick/ be faced with等作补语/状语/表语时,常用其过去分词形式 既: vt+ 宾语 + dressed / seated / stationed / stuck/lost in/absorbed in/fixed 或 状语(Faced with-/ seated-等,+句子 或 be dressed/be lost -等。 注意:(1)dressed (in)“穿着” = wearing; (2). stuck“陷入”(3). seated“坐在”= sitting (4)stationed“驻守在” (5)faced with =facing 试题整合分类:(84) 、(126)(207)(246、265、279、状语)、126、,open (adj,)作补语,表示状态;opened (过去分词) 作补语,表示被动的动作 closed 作补语,既可表示状态,又可表示被动的动作 既:vt+ 宾语 + open (表示状态) vt+ 宾语 + opened (by sb) (表示被动的动作) vt+ 宾语 + closed (表示状态或被动的动作) 试题整合分类:63、 lost, missing, gone adj. 作补语,(remaining, left, the rest of作定语) 不可混淆词形、词义和位置。 试题整合分类:143、 7Vt. + there +to be - (there be 结构作补语) The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams. =The students expected that there were more reviewing classes before the final exams.,(五)不定式、V-ing 形式和过去分词作定语的区别:(限制性定语和非限制性定语) 非谓语动词作定语,多用其一般式(to do, doing ;done, to be done, being done); 少数强调动作在先时用其完成式(having been done,to have been done)可作非限制性定语(此非限制性定语如果提到句首,更像是状语)语法大全P229(1) 位置关系: (1) V-ing短语、过去分词短语和不定式作定语须后置; (2)单个V-ing作定语前置; the remaining money=the money left (3)单个过去分词一般前置;也可后置(left“剩余的”, given“给出的”后置),时间意义: (1)不定式,表示将来或一般; (2)V-ing 形式作定语,表示进行或所修饰名词的用途 a sleeping boy, a sleeping car (3)过去分词作定语,表示完成或一般 an attempted murder = an attempt at murder谋杀未遂 (4)不定式、V-ing 形式和过去分词作定语, 也可表示经常性的动作或一般的情况 (如: a room facing the south; the book belonging to me; anyone wishing to leave early; a man loved by all coming作定语表示将来 the coming holidays=the holidays to come即将来临的,a learned man; a born teacher等已成为形容词,无时间/被动意义 done表示(被动)完成; being done表示(被动)进行; to be done表示(被动)将来 (1) a problem discussed (一个讨论过的问题) (2)a problem being discussed (一个正在被讨论的问题) (3)a problem to be discussed (一个将要被讨论的问题),V-ing/ V-ed试题整合分类: 26、34、38、43、71、78、86、93、96、106、121、123、152、176(被动一般which are bought)、185(被动一般)、188、216、220、(221、269完成式非限制性定语)、235、223、234、241、263、269,不定式作定语与它所修饰的名词之间有以下三种关系: (1)动宾关系:不定式前有动作的执行者时,不定式用主动,此不定式需是vt.或vi+介词 I have a letter to write. He has no paper to write on. = He has no paper on which to write. I have no pen to write with = I have no pen with which to write. = I have no pen with which I can write. The boy has a very small room to study in. He is a good comrade to work with. 不定式前无动作的执行者时,不定式用被动 Do you have some clothes to be washed (by me)? (2)主谓关系 He is the first one to arrive here. (3)抽象名词后的修饰关系(同位关系) I have a strong wish to go to college. To do试题整合分类:132、140、148、194、206、,常见由非谓语动词构成的复合形容词(只用做定语): (1)a well- educated man; a widely-read novel; a beautifully-dressed woman; a newly-built house; a newly-published book; a highly developed country; a well- known man; a so-called judge (2)peace-loving peoples; a man-eating beast; English-speaking countries; (3)a man-made satellite; a heart-broken woman; a water-covered globe; air-filled; an all expenses paid vacation ( to China)一次全部费用已付的(中国)度假 (4)ordinary-looking; good-looking; funny-looking; strong-looking; hard-working; (5). three-legged; one-eyed; ten-storeyed; (6). warm-blooded; cold-blooded; fair-haired; (7). snow-white 试题整合分类:252、,(六)不定式、V-ing 形式和过去分词作状语的区别: 1.非谓语动词作状语, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致,与句子的主语之间要么有主动关系, 要么有被动关系,否则为错句,这是一条基本原则,务必牢记。 试题整合分类:130、137、139、153、168、178、236、249、,2.不定式、V-ing 形式和过去分词作状语的区别: 语法大全P229(6)+ P230(1)+ P229(2) P235 (8) (1). 做什么状语,不做什么状语 (2). 位置及其特定含义如何,试题整合分类: 12、16、44、51、56、77、90、(117实为词义辨析)、141、149、155、156、160、182、196、(209主补)、213、214、218、225、226、229、240、247、255、256、257、261、271、272、274、277、280、,3once done / while doing sth. 结构作状语 语法大全P239 下 从属连词+ done/ doing =从属连词+( it或与主句相同的主语+be) done / doing (从属连词如: when, if , though, unless, than; as if to do/ as if doing 等) 试题整合分类:125、145、174、181、189、190、193、201、217、230、273、184 : Lack 及物动词时 无进行式lack sth lacking 为表语adj. 构成 sb./sp be lacking in sth 和sth be lacking in sp (不前置定语)not lack for (sth.) (即lack for 一般用于否定句) =lack nothinga lack of 与lack of (for / through lack of sth 一般无冠词),4.(不受逻辑主语是否一致限制的)独立成分(句首状语)语法大全P238 V:1、2、3、4 Judging from / by-和Generally / strictly speaking中 judging和speaking用主动表被动; given (that) 考虑到,假设; considering (that) 考虑到; supposing/suppose(that)假如; providing/provided (that) 假定; seeing (that) 既然; 为独立成分,不受(非谓语动词作状语, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致)这一原则的限制。 试题整合分类:97、(167)、248,(七)独立主格结构(主格的代词或名词+非谓语动词) 语法大全P235 下P236 :2、3 非谓语动词作状语, 其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时可用之。 He/Tom +doing(There being + -)独立主格结构做状语 语法大全P235下1、P236上2 He/Tom +done独立主格结构做状语。语法大全P235下1、P236上2 注意:Weather/Time permitting,+句子; There being (no)-, +句子 【with +宾语+宾补】复合结构 在句中常作(伴随,原因,条件等)状语 语法大全P236 3 with + him/ Tom + doing (主动); with + him/ Tom + done(被动); with + him/ Tom +to do (表示主动、将来或未完成) 语法大全P236 3 例句:5、6、8 试题整合分类:100、266、 with + him/ Tom +adj./adv./n(等) with a book in ones hand = book in hand,三.非谓语动词的其它易混问题 1主动表被动的8种句型(即:有被动意味却使用主动的情况) (1)I have a letter to write Please give him a room to live in (不定式作定语,前有不定式动作的执行者时,不定式用主动表被动。这种情况下,不定式与所修饰的名之间有动宾关系。) (2)The problem is what to do next. I dont know whom to tell. (带有疑问词的不定式用主动表被动. 这种情况下,不定式与疑问词之间有动宾关系.) (3). There is a lot of work to do / to be done. (There be 句型中, 不定式用主动或被动均可.) (4). The question is easy enough to answer. The box is too heavy to move. I find the work easy to do. (句型 主语+be +adj.表语+ 不定式 中, 不定式用主动表被动. 这种句型中,to do 与主语之间有动宾关系.),(5). The report is well wor
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