chapter12-非谓语动词.ppt

非谓语动词,一、定义,动词在句中除充当谓语外，还可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语。,二、 非谓语动词的种类,共三种： 1）动词不定式 to study 2）分词-现在分词： studying 过去分词： studied 3）动名词 studying,四、非谓语动词的形式,动词不定式 Infinitive,一 动词不定式的否定形式,Tell sb. to do sth. I told him not to be late.,二. 有些动词的不定式后不带 to 的不定式,1) 用于feel, have, hear, let ,listen to, look at, make , notice, see, watch后面做宾语补语时。 eg: 1. Father had my brother wash the car yesterday. 2. He lets/makes me sit at the table.,*当Hear,see,make用于被动语态时，不定式保留to,Eg: 1. I was made to feel at ease. 2. Was anyone seen to go out?,2）在Had better/ would rather后加动词原形,Eg: 1. Youd better go to the campus book store. 2. Would you rather drive there or go by bus?,3）在help后的不定式，to可有可无。,4）在Rather than/sooner than位于句首时，后面要加动词原形；在Rather than/sooner than位于句末时，to可有可无。,Eg: 1.He walks to the office everyday rather than (to) go by bus. 2.Rather than go by bus, he walks to the office everyday.,5）在Except/but后加动词原形,a) do anything/nothing/everything but/except + do eg: He said he would like to do nothing except cook. b) cant help but+ do /cant choose but+do难以选择只能做 eg: I cant help but see the answer.,c) There is nothing to do but + do 除了这件事儿以外，没什么可做的 d) have no choice/alternative/option but to do sth. 除了这之外，没什么可选择的 Eg: He had no choice but to marry the girl.,*Plan/hope/expect/should/would like+to have done动词不定式，表示没有实现的行为,eg: 1. He planned to have gone aboard. 2. I hope to have seen her. 3. I would like to have had your help.,分 词,分词包括：,现在分词 V-ing 过去分词 V-ed,一 作为谓语：,“ be+现在分词”构成进行时 “be+过去分词”构成被动语态 “ have/has/had+过去分词”构成完成时,现在分词和过去分词的区别,eg: 1. I had my hair cut yesterday. 2. Walking along the sands, he saw the mark of a mans foot in the sand. 3. Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt.,试比较：,boiling water developing country an exciting story a moving film falling snow,boiled water developed country excited people the moved children fallen snow,分词的句法功能,1. 作宾语补语：catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch 等词常用 V-ing或-ed 形式作宾语补语。 Eg: (1). Do you see the cloud hovering over the surface of the earth? 试比较：I heard him talking to his mother. I heard him talk to his mother. I saw the man draw a picture. I saw the man drawing a picture.,2.作定语,1) 单个动词 V-ing或-ed形式（一般放在被修饰的名词前） eg: (1) What an exciting day! (2) the faded flowers,3. 表伴随情况。相当于另一个分句。,Eg: (1) he sat in an armchair, watching TV. (and watched TV) (2) She went home exhausted. (and she was exhausted),注: 用做状语的分词的逻辑主语， 必须是句子的主语。,错误:（1) Waiting for a bus, a stone hit me. Waiting for a bus, I was hit by a stone. By swimming an hour everyday, Janes weight was reduced from 120 to 110 pounds. ,动 名 词,动名词的动词特征和名词特征,1.动词特征：有时态、语态的变化， 也可以带宾语或状语。,Eg: (1) he enjoys writing diaries. (带宾语) (2) Sleeping late is a bad habit. （带状语）,2. 在有些句子结构中它具有名词特征：可以带冠词，也可以被形容词、代词及名词所有格修饰。,Eg: 1) She is in charge of the designing of a new hotel. 2) Im tired of all the endless arguing. 3) Do you mind my smoking here. 4) My parents were happy with my brothers coming home.,三 句法功能,1. 作主语,eg: (1)Improving your study habits will improve your grades. (2) It is nice talking to you.,3. 作宾语,eg: Hes given up smoking.,*在下列动词后的宾语只能是 V-ing而不能用不定式：,admit advise allow anticipate appreciate avoid delay deny dislike dread encourage enjoy escape excuse fancy finish,postpone practise prevent recall recollection resent resist risk stop suggest imagine keep miss mind permit,2). 在demand, deserve, need, require,want等动词后面做宾语的 V-ing 表被动,Eg (1) The matter demands looking into. (2) My shirt requires ironing. (3) These language points deserve mentioning.,4.用在固定结构中,be worth have difficulty in it be no good /no use/worthwhile there be no need/ no point in how/what about whats the point of whats the use of,非谓语动词的比较,一 比较不定式和动名词作宾语,1.有些动词既可带-ing, 也可带不定式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。,1)在 forget,remember,regret等动词后，V-ing表示已经发生的动作；不定式表示要发生的动作。 eg: He has forgotten meeting her last year. He has forgotten to meet her. 2) try doing sth. “试一试” try to do sth. “设法”,3) mean doing “意味着” mean to do “企图，打算” eg: Success means working hard. John means to drive there, but his car broken down. 4) chance doing “冒险试试” chance to do “碰巧” eg: Dick chanced climbing the Mountain without carrying the oxygen container. I chanced to find his lost bike in front of a store.,3) advise, allow, encourage, permit 等动词后带V-ing形式做宾语；带不定式形式做宾补。,eg: Mr. Smith doesnt permit going to sleep in class. Mr. Smith doesnt permit his students to go to sleep.,二 比较不定式, V-ing和 -ed分词形式做宾语补语。,1）不定式和 V-ing形式做宾补的区别。,Eg: I heard him talking to his mother. ( 正在进行) I heard him talk to his mother for an hour. ( 完成的动作，全过程),2） 动词V-ing 与-ed作宾补区别。,Eg: Can you get the ca