《MBA阅读推论题》PPT课件.ppt

MBA 推论题,1命题规律,1)试题常会围绕文章出题。要求将篇首、篇尾、段落中主题句，概括归纳并从中推断出全文主题。,2)合性推论和判断题还可围绕文章若干段落进行，要求推论和判断出段落间的关系。,3)支持主题思想的细节部分常被考。这些细节部分表现形式多样，可以是列举、例证、实验人物论断等，要求考生对这部分内容进行判断推理。,4)文章或段落开头处，尤其是文章结尾总结处常考 5)语义转折处常考,注意： 做题时不能想得太多，推的过远。是否能把原文读懂才是关键。,1.Significance 文字表面往往没有明显反映作者的全部意图，有些含义需要读者从字里行间去体会，靠自己的逻辑推理能力去判断，从上下文的联贯及文中有关部分的暗示去明析作者隐含的意思。,这类问题的命题方式有,(1)The writer implies but not directly states that_-. (2) It can be inferred from the passage that_. (3) The author strongly suggests that_ . (4) It can be concluded from the passage that_. (5) The passage is intended to_ . (6)The writer indicates that_ .,2.Communication Techniques 文章中的每一句话都有它的作用和目的，都是为作者的写作而服务的。有的是下层意思的铺垫，有的是上句话的结果，互相衬托，互相联系。阅读中常常就技巧性问题提问，测试读者对文章是否正确理解,这类题的命题方式有：,(1)The fact . . . is mentioned by the author to show _. (2)The author achieves his purpose by depending mainly upon (3)The writer talks about . . . in order to_ . (4) In discussing . .the author ._ (5)The authors statement about . . . is a . . . for . . .,1 标志：infer , imply, learn, inform.2 看可否通过题干返回原文，或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。,3 依据原文的意思进行判断，先不要进行推理。若有一个选项跟原文意思一模一样，则该项为正确答案。推理题不是考察我们的想象力，它实际是考察我们原文中的某几个点。如一个、两个点所涉及的问题我们读透了没有。因此，不推的比推的好；推的近的比推的远的要好。4 注意推理题最近答案原则。直接推出的比间接推出的好。,2应试技巧,1)若要求对某段内容进行判断、推论、那么就只看题干要求做答的那一段。,Exchange a glance with someone，then look awayDo you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer，and you have made a different statementHold it for 3 seconds，and the meaning has changed again,Q：It can be inferred from the first paragraph that A every glance has its significance B staring at a person is an expression of interest C a gaze longer than 3second is unacceptable D a glance conveys more meaning than words,2)选项措词过于绝对化的，一般不是答案项。,I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six yearsI talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time，and she remembers that when she first joined the community，there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campusNow，all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity,Q：It can be inferred form the passage that Ameritocracy can never be realized without diversity BAmerican political circles will not accept diversity Cit is unlikely that diversity will occur in the USmedia Dminorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity,3)合乎常理，意义深刻，或符合一般常识的选项一般是答案项，而照抄原文或对文中作字面解释的则不是答案。,For all these reasons，no two people really read the same paper：what each person does is to put together，out of the pages of that days paper，his own selection and sequence，his own newspaperFor all these reasons，reading newspaper efficiently，which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time，demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading,Q：It can be concluded from the passage that the newspaper readers Aapply reading techniques skillfully Bjump from one newspaper to another Cappreciate the variety of newspaper Dusually read a newspaper selectively,5)逻辑推理题干扰项特点：,(1)不是在文章事实或上下文(句)逻辑基础上进行推理而得出观点 (2)直接,间接不分:文章中明确表达当成推理出来的,4)弄清主题意思。在处理与全文主旨有关的题时，或处理与文章首尾有关的推论题时，一定要放慢速度将各段，尤其是全文首尾句意读懂，再快速阅读其他部分。,(3)虽然可以以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为基础进行推理，但推理过头，概括过度。,正确答案的特征:,与原文重合原词不多,感觉与原文有些远,因为是从原文中推出来的.,要特别注意的是：进行推理不能想当然，不能仅仅以你的常识为依据，而必须以文章的信息为依据！,Often people who hold higher position in a given group overestimate their performance, while people in the lowest levels of the group underestimate theirs. While this may not always be true, it does indicate that often the actual position in the group has much to do with the feeling of personal confidence a person may have. Thus, members who hold higher positions in a group or feel that they have an important part to play in the group will probably have more confidence in their own performance.,Question: From this passage we know that _. A) If people have confidence in their own performance, they will achieve high position in a group B) If we let people know they are an important part of a gr