《f非谓语动词》PPT课件.ppt

Non-predicate verb,非谓语动词,你只闻到我的香水，却没看到我的汗水； You just smell my perfume , but did not see my sweat; 你有你的规则，我有我的选择； You have your rules ,and I have my choices; 你否定我的现在，我决定我的未来； You deny me now ,but I decide my future; 你嘲笑我一无所有不配去爱，我可怜你总是等待； You laugh at me for nothing worthy of love, I pity you always waiting; 你可以轻视我们的年轻，我们会证明这是谁的时代。梦想，是注定孤独的旅行，路上少不了质疑和嘲笑，但，那又怎样？哪怕遍体鳞伤，也要活得漂亮。我是陈欧，我为自己代言。 You can despise our young , but we will prove that this is whose era .Dream , is destined to travelalone,and the road to it ultimately questioned and ridiculed.But, so what?Even black and blue(遍体鳞伤：海词注解) , but im also to live pretty.Im Chen Ou.I speak for myself.,I think that that that that that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong.,非谓语是指在句子中充当除谓语之外其他任何成分的动词形式，不受人称和数的限制。 非谓语包括三种形式，即不定式，动名词和分词。,Part 1 动词不定式,一 、动词不定式的作用 1 、动词不定式作主语 To be a good teacher was my hope. 注意：在现代英语中，经常把代词it放在句首作形式主语，而把真正的主语即不定式放在句末。 It took us three weeks to finish the work.,2、动词不定式作表语 The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers. Our purpose is to finish the job in three weeks.,3、动词不定式作宾语 She hopes to get something from the sales. 注意：常用不定式作宾语的词有:agree、fail、promise、afford、forget、prove、arrange、guarantee、refuse、ask、happen、resolve(决心）、attempt、hesitate、seek、bother、hope、seem、care、learn、tend、choose、long、threaten、claim、manage、trouble、decide、manage、consent（同意）、neglect（忽视）、try、offer、undertake、determine、prepare、want、demand、plan、volunteer、determined、pretand、wish、endeavor（努力）、proceed（继续）,用不定式作宾语时，可用it作形式宾语，如 I believed it wrong to tell it to her.,4、不定式作补语 常用不定式作补语的动词有：advise、command、force、allow、encourage、instruct、ask、entitle（给 权利）、intend、beg、expect、invite、compel（强迫)、forbid、like、mean、prefer、tempt（引诱）、oblige（迫使）、remind、urge、order、request、want、permit、teach、wish、persuade 某些短语vote for ,call on,count on,rely on depend on ,lng for ,wait for后跟不定式作补语。,在think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，declare，guess，prove，suppose，imagine等词后面，常跟“to be +adj.或n.“结构，to be可以省去。 I consider him (to be ) my best friend.,3).如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,其后要加介词. Children use pencils to write with. 4)“介词+which+不定式“结构 I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people.,5、不定式作定语 1)、不定式用在the first、the last、the only后作定语 He was the first to arrive. 2)、不定式常放在某些名词和代词后面作定语，与被修饰的中心词有主谓关系，动宾关系，同位关系和动状关系等。 I am not sure which restaurant to eat at. We are in need of nurses to look after the children. He gave me a week to look after the children. Their decision to give up the experiment surprised.,6.不定式作状语 She wept to see him in such a terrible state. They did anything in order to make money. The problem was too complicated for us to solve. I am only too pleased to accept your kind invitation. We are all too willing to help you. He is too wise not to solve the problem. He went home only to find that his house had been stolen.,二、动词不定式的时态语态形式,to go to be going to have gone to be done 注意：1.there be 句子中，修饰主语的不定式可用主动式代替被动式 There is a lot of work to do this week. 2.当不定式与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动式代替被动。 We have many problems to overcome. 动词不定式的否定为 not to do,三、其他用法,省to的动词不定式 1.表示感觉的词如feel，hear，see,watch,observe,listen to ，look at， notice以及使役动词make ,let,have后面要省略to.若用被动，则必须还原to. 2.前有do ,后省to What we can do is study hard. 3.用连词连接两个不定式时，省略第二个to She started to shout and cry.,不定式的省略 省略到to You may go if you want to. 连词加不定式 I asked him how to learn English.,Part2 动名词,动名词的句法功能： （1）作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。 Its no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。 一些固定句子：It is no use|no good|fun|a waste of time|a good pleasure doing something. There is no doing something. 如：There is no denying that she is very efficient. There is no telling what he is going to do. （2）作表语： In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。,（3）作宾语： They havent finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如： We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语： enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stop（from）,protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like,（4）作定语： He cant walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。 Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？ （5）作同位语： The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。 His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。,动名词的形式： 否定式：not + 动名词 （1）一般式： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 （2）被动式： He came to the party without being invited他未被邀请就来到了晚会。 （3）完成式： We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 （4）完成被动式： He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。 （5）否定式：not + 动名词 I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。 （6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词 He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。 His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。,动名词的逻辑主语,Do you mind my openning the window?,Part 3 分词,分词包括现在分词和过去分词，一般来说，现在分词的意义是主动和进行，过去分词的意义是被动和完成。 一些典型的例子 fallen leaves falling leaves boiled water boiling water developed country developing country,2.分词作定语 分词作定语既可以放在所修饰词之前，也可以放在所修饰词之后。其作用相当于一个定语从句。 This is a pressing problem.=This is a problem which is pressing. The people working with me treat me like their friend.=The people who work with me treat me like their friend.,分词的作用,1.分词作表语 现在分词作表语表示主动关系或主语的某种特性，过去分词作表语表示被动关系或主语处于某种状态。通常情况下现在分词意为“令人-的”，过去分词意为“感到-的”。 I am interested in English. The book is very interesting.,注意分词可以与形容词、副词或名词构成合成词作定语。如 peace-loving、flower-carrying、air-conditioned、newly-built 注意不及物动词的过去分词作定语，不表被动，表完成。不及物动词没有被动。如There are a lot of fallen leaves in autum。n.（fall是不及物动词，在这里fallen表示完成，“已经落下”）,3.分词作宾补 常跟分词作宾补的词有catch，have，get,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等。 When they returned home from the holiday, they found their house stolen。 I can feel my heart beating very fast.,注意在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，则与宾语形成逻辑上的主谓关系。用过去分词作宾补，形成逻辑上的动宾关系。 There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself heard. There is something wrong with the table;I can feel it moving.,4.分词作状语 分词作状语，其作用相当于一个定语从句、 Hearing the knock on the door，they stopped talking.(=When they heard the knock on the door）,分词的独立结构,分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格，在句中作状语表示时间，原因，条件等。 Weather permitting,we shall start tomorrow.(=if weather permits),“with+名词+分词”结构 They sat there silently,with their eyes fixed on the table. With him helping me, I felt lucky.,分词的形式,分词的时态:一般式、完成式、 分词的语态：现在分词的被动式“being done” 过去分词的被动式： 及物动词的过去分词可表被动，不及物动词无被动，不及物动词的过去分词只表完成。,1.Tell Mary that theres someone _for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait 2.There is a big dog _to a fence outside the house. A. tying B. tied C. to tie D .ties 3.The_waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.“ A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile 4. _the early train, youll have to get up early and rush in a taxi. A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch 5.There, in the corner, sat three girls, _. A. sew B. were sewing C. to sew D. sewing,6.Whether it will do us harm remains_. A. seen B. seeing C. being seen D. to be seen 7.Whom would you rather have _with you, him or me? A. to be gone B. gone C. going D. go 8.The power station keeps the villages _ with electricity. A. supplied B. to supply C. supplying D. having supplied 9.The path in the park looked beautiful, _ with _ leaves. A. covered; falling B. covered; fallen C. covering; falling D. covering, fallen 10.I wont go to the party even if_. A. inviting B. being invited C. invited D. having invited,11.All work is pleasant_ _when the habit of working is formed. A. done B. doing C. to do D. to be done 12.The man _in a blue jacket at the party was a doctor. A. put on B. dressed C. had on D. wore 13.People are talking about the new play _in two weeks. A. to be put on B. to put on C. being put on D. put on 14.The man _in the chair asked me to _. A. seated; seated B. sitting; sitting C. seating; seat D. seated; be seated 15.I happened _with him when he was hit by a stone. A.I was talking B. talking C. to talk D. to be talking,16.We are not sure which restaurant _tonight. A. eating at B. for eating C. to eat at D. we eat 17.The way Della thought of _enough money was to sell her beautiful hair. A. got B. to be got C. to