《动词的时态与语态》PPT课件.ppt

第六讲 动词的时态与语态,时态的一般用法,考点透析 1十种常用的动词时态句子结构： S主语， do动词原形， does 动词第三人称单数， did过去式， doing = 现在分词， done = 过去分词。,1.一般现在时:,do/ does,2.一般过去时:,did,3.一般将来时:,will do,7.现在完成时:,have / has done,5.现在进行时:,is, am are doing,6.过去进行时:,was, were doing,4.过去将来时:,would /should do,8.过去完成时:,had done,时态复习,9.现在完成进行时:,have been doing,10.过去完成进行时:,had been doing,一、一般现在时的用法 1表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作。 常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month)等连用。 He plays football twice a week. 他每周踢两次足球。 I sometimes go to work on foot. 我有时步行去上班。,2表示现在的事实或状态，特征。 Its cold today.今天很冷。 You look tired now. 你现在看起来很疲乏。 She is a famous singer .她是个著名的歌唱家。 Tom likes swimming. 汤姆喜欢游泳。,二、一般过去时的用法 1表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态， 常与表示过去时间的副词如：yesterday, last week, two hours ago等连用。 My family moved here five years ago. 我家五年前搬到了这里。 I was born in 1973. 我生于1973年。,2.表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作.这时可与频度副词如：often, usually, always等连用。 He always worked into night those days. 那些日子他总是工作到深夜。 I often left on business in 1987.1 987年我经常出差。,三.一般将来时（will/shalldo）: 1.Will、shall表示没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定做某事,e.g. -You forget to close the door. -Oh, Ill close it at once.,2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。 主语的意图，即将做某事。 e.g. What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 e.g. The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。 e.g. Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。,3. be +to do表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事; 命中注定的事; 命令。 e.g. We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4. be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事,不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。 e.g. He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 5. be due to与时间表,旅行计划等有关。 e.g. The train is due to leave at 7:00.,四、过去将来时,概念：过去某时间来看将要发生的动作。常用于间接引语中.,构成：主语+would/ should +V(动词)原形,He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday. He said he was going to cry. We were to finish the job in three hours.,五、 现在进行时的用法 （1）表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。常与now, at present, at this, moment等连用。 It is snowing now. 现在正在下雪。 2）与these days, this week/month等连用，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。 He is studying hard these days. 这些天他学习很努力。 He is writing a book. 他在写一本书。,六、过去进行时 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。 其形式为was /were + V-ing。常与表示过去的具体的时间状语连用，如：at this time，last night, last Saturday等；或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。 He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。,We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。 What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么？ My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。,七、 现在完成时的用法 （1）表示动作已经完成，但后果或影响仍在。常与already, just, yet等副词连用。 I have just read your letter. 我刚刚读完你的信。 (2）表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。 He has lived here for three years. 他在此住了两年了。 I have been here since 1976. 自从1976年我就一直在这里。,现在完成时的形式have/has done,八、过去完成时had done 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。 可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 By nine oclock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。,九、现在完成进行时 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且 还将持续下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for 2000 years. 中国有2000年的造纸历史。 I have been learning English since three years ago. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。,注意问题,一般现在时注意： 1.客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。,The earth moves around the sun.,Ill help you as soon as you have problem.,2.在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中， 一般现在时代替一般将来时。,Tell Mark about it if you meet him.,3.在时刻表中，用一般现在是表将来。,The plane takes off at nine.,4过去将来时和过去完成时都是相对过去时间而存在的时态，在答题时，一定要仔细揣摩上下文的时间关系。 She said that she would buy a house for her father. He had been killed before the police came.,过去,现在,killed,came,5leave，go，arrive，take，fly，start，begin，come等动词的现在式可表计划安排好的将来，它们的进行时也可以表示将来动作。 现在进行时表将来 He is arriving in China tomorrow. = He will arrive in China tomorrow.,6be going to表早就安排好的将来，或表根据某种迹象判断要发生的事情。 will/shall表临时决定要做的动作。 be to表按约定计划或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，强调主语的意志和决心。 be about to表马上就要发生的动作，不能与表示将来的确切时间状语连用。 What are you going to this evening?Im going to see a film with my friend. Havent you known Mr. Wang is ill?Really？Then Ill go to see him instead. How about seeing a film tomorrow?Sorry，I cant. I am to take the driving test.,7如果句中有so far，by now，in the last few years，till now，up to now等表示时间的短语，谓语动词只能用现在完成时。 So far, I havent seen your parents.,8句型It is the first time.、This is the last time.中，从句的谓语要用现在完成时。 It is the first time I have had hamburger, it is delicious. 句型It was the first time.、This was the last time.中，从句的谓语要用过去完成时。 It was the second time I had seen the film, its still very moving.,9句中的状语是by the end of过去时间，动词用过去完成时。 By the end of last year, we had helped a lot of people by donating. 句中的状语是by the end of将来时间，动词用将来完成时。 By the end of the next century, China will have become a developed country.,1.一般现在时:,is, am, are done,2.一般过去时:,was, were done,3.一般将来时:,will be done,7.现在完成时:,have been done,5.现在进行时:,is, am, are being done,6.过去进行时:,was, were being done,4.过去将来时:,would /should / be going to+be done,8.过去完成时:,had been done,9.含情态动词的:,can/may/must +be done,10. 被动语态的时态,11有些动词形式上是主动语态，却表示被动意义。主要有下列几种情形： (1)be worth doing：某事值得做 The film “Happy Feet” is worth seeing.,(2)need/want/requiredoing need/want/require to be done My bike is broken, it wants repairing. My bike is broken, it wants to be repaired. (3)beadj.to do What he says is often hard to understand.,(4)表感觉的连系动词形容词 fell, sound, taste, look, seem, appear. The real silk fells very soft and comfortable, and the unreal one feel very hard. 真丝感觉起来很柔软，假的很硬。,(5)当句子的主语是物，同时又是动作涉及的对象，而动词又是表明主语本身的特性时，用主动形式表被动意义。这时，句末有一个表示方式的副词。 write, read, clean, sell, wash This kind of cell phones sell well. 这类手机销售得很好。,12. 不用被动语态的情况,take place, 发生，举行, belong to ,属于 happen, 发生 appear, 出现,Great changes took place in Taishan last year.,The 16th Asia Games took place in Guangzhou last year.,高考考点分析,六、动词的时态语态： 一、考点分析 谓语动词的时态语态在广东高考中是每年必考点，我们必须重视。虽然考试说明中列了十种时态，但常考的只是一般现在时和一般过去时。请看近四年的高考英语广东卷：,一般现在时。 （主动：do/does；被动：is/am/are done） （2008年广东卷）Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention. 【解析】句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，result应是谓语动词，应当考虑的是它的时态；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填results。,(results),2、一般过去时。 (2010年广东卷)After a four-day journey, the young man 33 (present) the water to the old man. 【解析】句中the young man是主语，其后的present应是谓语动词，由语境可知，用一般过去时。,(pres