2019_2020高中英语Unit2TheenvironmentSectionⅠWelcometotheunit.docx

Section Welcome to the unit & ReadingWarming UpA卷 阅读理解A Animals can move from place to place，but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws.But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines(刺) that discourage grasseating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grass may contain a sandy material；eating such grass wears down the animals teeth.Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar(毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses.A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly(多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom(毒液)A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了植物的一些防御外敌侵犯的方法。1The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals _Aare not tall enoughBlike the lower leaves onlyCare not clever enoughDcan get the lower leaves easilyD解析：细节理解题。文章第二段介绍，冬青植物底部的叶子刺更多是一种自我保护手段，因为底部的叶子容易被动物吃掉。2To defend themselves, oak trees use _Achemical meansBphysical meansCbitter chemicalsDsandy materialsB解析：细节理解题。由文章第三段可知，橡树是采取“物理”手段保护自己。3How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?AIts leaves fight against the attack by physical means.BIts roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.CIts roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.DIts leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.C解析：细节理解题。文章倒数第二段介绍，当“烟草”受到毛虫袭击的时候，它会传送信息到根部，增加“尼古丁”的含量。4What would be the best title for this passage?APlants and AnimalsBHow Plants Defend ThemselvesCAttacks and DefensesDHow Animals Eat Plant LeavesB解析：标题归纳题。从文章介绍的“植物受到动物攻击时采取自我保护或防御手段”可得出答案。B A few years ago，I read about an eightyearold girl who studied elephant poaching(偷猎) in school and made a poster for her local grocery store.The slogan read, “Save the elephants.Dont buy Ivory Soap，or they will die out.” What the girl had done taught me a lesson.Since then，I have looked at eightyearolds in a different way.As an environmental educator，I used to teach eightyearolds about the harm of elephant poaching, rainforest destruction，and global warming.I had a degree in natural sciencebut not in child development.What did I think I was accomplishing by putting my environmental concerns on the shoulders of kids who still believe in fairy tales(童话故事)?Kids develop the fear of nature when their primary contact with the natural world is hearing bad news about the environment.If I wanted to inspire conservation action, I needed to change my ways，but how？I came across some research by psychologist Louise Chawla.She wanted to know what had gone on in the childhoods of adults who are good environmental citizens.She found two things most common.They had free time to explore the rivers or woods down the street，and they had an adult in their lives who was enthusiastic about the natural world.I understand now that what turned me into a good person today was a childhood spent playing in the field and having a dad who knew that finding a lobster(龙虾) under a rock was better than finding treasure.So thats what I was doing when I was eight years oldlooking under rocks，climbing trees，and picking wild flowers.I didnt know a thing about the Clean Air Act that was being debated in congress at that time.I didnt hear a lot of environmental problems.But I built a relationship with nature and I grew up to care.Now I treat my own kids like the child I was.My kids turn off the water when they brush their teeth and turn off the lights when they leave a room.【解题导语】人类赖以生存的大自然正在被严重破坏，保护环境应该从孩子抓起，帮助孩子从小建立与自然的关系。5What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs?AThe author felt very proud of herself.BThe author took action to save the elephants.CThe author thought her teaching was a failure.DThe author doubted the natural science.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的What did I think.believe in fairy tales(童话故事)？以及第二段中的I needed to change my ways可知，作者认为自己的教育方法是不可取的。6How do children react when learning about environmental problems?AThey tend to ignore the problems.BThey become scared of nature.CThey hate to learn natural science.DThey want to help solve the problems.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Kids develop the fear.bad news about the environment.可知，让孩子们了解了环境问题会导致他们对大自然产生恐惧。7The author mentions the research in order to show_Ahow to have a happy childhoodBwhat the best way to get close to nature isChow to change childrens bad behaviorDwhat makes children care about the environmentD解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的She wanted to know what.environmental citizens.可知，该研究主要解释了是什么影响了孩子，让他们长大后为保护环境出一份力。8What is mainly discussed in the passage?AThe harm of hunting animals.BThe causes of environmental problems.CThe importance of encouraging kids to protect nature.DThe right methods of developing childrens idea of nature.D解析：主旨大意题。本文主要阐述了教育和环境保护之间的关系，作者通过实例论述了一个道理：让孩子拥有环保思想的正确教育方式不是让他们感到害怕，而是让他们心中充满对大自然的爱。CMost Americans seem to have a strong desire for variety in their diets，judging by the popularity of foreign restaurants.But though many people would be willing to sample a curry(咖喱) dish from India，a real Hungarian goulash(红烩牛肉)，or even Japanese sushi(寿司)，very few would want to enjoy a kind of food that is popular in many countries：insects.Eating insects actually is obviously reasonable.There are certainly enough of them around，and though most are too small to bother with，many grow to a respectable size or in dense groups that can be easily harvested.They are very nutritious.After all，many birds and mammals take in diets consisting of nothing but insects.And since insects contain a fair amount of salt，they are already well seasoned.Indeed，in those countries where insects are eaten，they are usually considered very delicious food.Caterpillars(毛毛虫) are a popular dish in Mexico，where they are fried and served under the name of “agave worms”；and chocolatecovered bees and ants are favorite candies in Switzerland.It is unlikely that canned grasshoppers(蚱蜢) will become popular in America in the near future，but who knows？Perhaps in years to come people will rid themselves of their prejudice(偏见) against insects and will find themselves going out to dig for grubs as eagerly as others now go out to gather mushrooms.9The writer bases his opinion that most Americans long for different kinds of food on the fact that_Afew Americans love to eat insectsBthey can sample different kinds of foreign dishesCforeign restaurants are popular in the US.Dthey will come to like eating insectsC解析：细节理解题。从文章首句“Most Americans seem to have a strong desire for variety in their diets，judging by the popularity of foreign restaurants.”可知。10Many people love eating insects because_Athey do not contain poisonBthey are very smallCthey live in groupsDthey contain nutritionD解析：细节理解题。第二段中提到了吃昆虫的各种理由。其中一条就是“They are very nutritious.”，据此可知本题答案为D。11The underlined word “grubs” in the last paragraph refers to_Aa kind of insectsBa useful tool for catching insectsCan expert in catching insectsDa kind of plants that can be eatenA解析：词义猜测题。根据前文，我们可以知道，随着人们对昆虫的种种偏见的消除，人们会喜欢上吃昆虫，因而会像外出采蘑菇一样去寻找“昆虫”。12Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?AAmerican RestaurantsBInsects for FoodCReturn to NatureDChange on FoodB解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，我们可以看出，本文主要讲述的是世界上不少地方将昆虫作为食物。第二段的第一句话就是本文的主题句。 七选五We all have negative voice inside of us that tells us to stay still and not to go to work out.1._ Here are some steps to help you overcome and defeat the negative voice in your head.Admit its presence. For as long as we can remember, the inner voice has always been there.2._ Once you make yourself aware that it is there and what it does to you, then you are in a better position to deal with it correctly.3_ Whenever you catch the voice telling you something negative, replace it with something positive. For example, when you are supposed to go to work out, but that voice says “No, were comfortable here, and lets not move”， you can replace it right away with “Yes, I can do it, and I am doing it！”Change your vocabulary. The little negative voice didnt come out of nowhere.4._ What you need to do is change and remove certain words from your speech and thoughts. Replace “cant, wont, would, might” with clear positive actions such as I will, I can, I have, I want.Speak out loud. A loud and clear voice is more likely to overcome an inner voice. So silence the negative voice by expressing out loud what you truly want and whats best for you. Hearing yourself say out loud like “I am going to the gym.” or “I can finish my task.” is very inspiring. 5._ATurn it into clear expressions.BDrown it with positive thoughts.CSo we must accept the fact that it does exist.DIt has been trained to put things into certain words.EBut people need to take some measures to gain excited feelings.FIt may even tell us that we are not good enough to do a certain task.GThe inner negative voice simply wont be able to compete with that.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个消除负面思维的方法。1F解析：此空设于段中，与上一句形成递进关系。进一步说明负面思维还会让我们认为自己不具备完成某项任务的能力。2C解析：此空设于段中，与上一句存在因果关系。说明我们必须接受负面思维的存在。3B解析：此空设于段首，是本段主题句。本段后面的内容“replace it with something positive”及具体例子，都是在说我们要把消极的思想转换成积极的东西，是对该主题句的具体阐释。4D解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句，承上启下。负面思维不是凭空而来的，它存在于某些特定的词汇中。5G解析：此空设于段尾，承接上句，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。该句中的that指的是上一句提到的洪亮而有力的话语。B卷 阅读理解Animal ConservationMany animal and plant species have become extinct and many more are in critical danger.Finding ways to protect the earths wildlife and conserve the natural world they inhabit(居住) is now more important than ever.The DodoThe Dodo is a classic example of how human caused damage to the earths biology.The flightless Dodo was native to the Island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean.The easily controlled bird became a source of food for sailors and was attacked by animals introduced to the island by humans such as pigs, monkeys and rats.The population of Dodos rapidly decreased and the last one was killed in 1681.Rhinos(犀牛)The Rhino horn is a highly prized item for Asian medicine.This has led to the animal being hunted in its natural habitat.Once widespread in Africa and Eurasia，most rhinos now live in protected natural parks and reserves.Their numbers have rapidly decreased in the last 50 years, and the animals remain under constant threat from poachers.The Giant PandaThe future of the WWFs symbol is far from certain.As few as 1，000 remain in the wild.The Chinese government has set up 33 panda reserves to protect these beautiful animals.However，the pandas distinct black and white patched coat fetches a high price on the black market and determined poachers still pose(造成) one of the most serious threats to the animals.WhalesDespite the fact that one third of the worlds oceans have been declared whale sanctuaries(保护区)，7 out of 13 whale species remain endangered.Hunted for their rich supply of oil，their numbers have decreased to just 300.Collisions(碰撞) with ships，poisonous pollution and being caught in fishing nets are other major causes of whale deaths.TigersThe last 100 years has seen a 95% reduction in the numbers of remaining tigers to between 5，000 and 7，000 and the Bali，Javan，and Caspian tigers are already extinct.The South China tiger is precariously close to disappearing，with only 20 to 30 still alive.Like the Rhino horn，tigers bones and organs are sought after for traditional Chinese medicines.These items are traded illegally along with tiger skins.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了五种野生动物及其(濒临)灭绝的原因。1Which group of the following animals has already ceased to exist according to the text?AThe Dodo，Rhino and Giant Panda.BThe Rhino，Whale and South China Tiger.CThe Rhino，Panda，Whale and Tiger.DThe Dodo and the Bali，Javan，and Caspian tigers.D解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The population of Dodos rapidly decreased and the last one was killed in 1681.”一句可判断Dodo是灭绝的动物之一，再根据最后一段中的“the Bali，Javan，and Caspian tigers are already extinct”一句可得出其他几种。2._can serve as a cure for certain diseases.AThe whales rich oilBThe pandas black and white patched coatCThe Rhino horn and tigers bones and organsDThe Dodos delicious meatC解析：细节理解题。文章的第三段和最后一段提到“犀牛角和虎骨及器官”有很高的药用价值。3.Which of the following statements is NOT true?AThe number of South China tigers has reached crisis point.BMany animals are threatened with extinction as a result of human activity.CPeople hunt for the endangered animals for high profit.DThe whale is the representing mark for the WWF.D解析：推理判断题。从第四段中的“The future of the WWFs symbol is far from certain.”一句可得出“世界自然保护基金组织”的图案标志是“大熊猫”，而不是“鲸”。4.Which of the following is mentioned in all the descriptions of those wild animals?AThe way of their life.BThe reason for their extinction or being in danger.CWhy they are hunted.DPunishment for hunting wild animals.B解析：文章结构题。针对五种野生动物的介绍，内容不尽相同，有的介绍了人们为什么猎取它们；有的介绍了这些野生动物剩余的数量；有的介绍了对于猎取野生动物的惩罚手段，但有一点是相同的，即：动物灭绝或濒临灭绝的原因。 完形填空I was the top one of my class; I knew all my teachers; and I had some really good friends. I was unstoppable and I never felt unconfident _1_ I entered a new school.Now I am a freshman. Though I was _2_ on the first day, I knew everything would be OK. _3_， it turned out that I was wrong. By the end of the day, my _4_ changed a lot from the summer vacation. Instead of being calm and cool, I was confused and _5_. I ended up having all the symptoms(症状) of New Kid Syndrome (NKS): confusion in class, no _6_ with teachers, a lack of friendly _7_ in the hallway, and no people to talk to.For those who _8_ NKS, theres a way out. And you can _9_ your new life.Know you are _10_ the only one who is new; there are other new _11_ around. Make sure you tell people you are new, and you can also ask upperclassmen(高年级学生) for help. If you are trying to _12_ new people, taking part in clubs and sports is a great way to make friends, but dont _13_ your schoolwork.When _14_ a new school, there will also be brandnew teachers, who can be good or bad. Be sure to be _15_ and pay attention in class. If you get bad grades at first, turn to your teacher _16_ let him/her know you are trying your hardest.Always try to get extra help _17_ when you dont understand something, and dont just wait for the right _18_19_ that everything will be fine. Being new isnt as _20_ as it is on TV.Just be yourself!【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者回忆自己当新生的经历，并告诫大家：新生要学会适应新的学校生活。1A.untilBbecauseCunlessDevenA解析：根据语境可知，作者在原来的学校如鱼得水，他一直很自信，直到他换了新学校。2A.braveBlovelyCcrazyDnervousD解析：根据前文Though可知，两分句为转折关系。句意：虽然上学第一天我很紧张，但我告诉自己一切都会好起来的。3A.OtherwiseBThereforeCHoweverDMoreoverC解析：根据前后语境可知，两句为转折关系。However符合语境。4A.aimsBfeelingsCstoriesDhabitsB解析：根据后文“Instead of being calm and cool”可知，此处是说他的感受变化了很多。5A.tiredBbusyCcrazyDupsetD解析：结合前文“Instead of being calm and cool”可知，作者感到迷茫和不安。6A.agreementBdebateCconnectionDquarrelC解析：根据前文confusion in class可知，作者课上跟不上老师的教学，和老师上课没有联系。connection符合语境。7A.giftsBsignalsCcommentsDgreetingsD解析：根据后文“no people to talk to”可知，作者到了新学校，没有人问候他或跟他说话。8A.know aboutBcome acrossCsuffer fromDescape fromC解析：此处是指跟作者一样患上新生综合症的那些学生。9A.get used toBget close toCtake charge ofDtake care ofA解析：根据前文“theres a way out”可知，作者接下来会谈一些缓解新生综合症的方法，这样就可以适应新的学校生活。10A.neverBreallyCalwaysDeverA解析：根据语境可知，你要知道你不是唯一的新生。11A.teachersBkidsCbuildingsDcoursesB解析：你的周围还有其他像你一样的新生。kids符合语境。12A.testBmeetCobserveDimpressB解析：根据后文“taking part in clubs and sports”可知，这些都是结识新朋友的途径。meet符合语境。13A.hideBcheatCforgetDshareC解析：结交朋友的同时，不要忘记自己的学业。14A.approachingBstartingCattractingDleavingB解析：当你到一个新学校时，就会遇到新的老师。15A.talkativeBhonestCeasygoingDrespectfulD解析：要对老师保持尊重，上课要集中精力。16A.andBbutCorDsoA解析：根据语境可知，前后分句之间为并列关系。句