英语国家文化概况Chapter14课件.ppt

Canada,英语国家概况,英语国家概况,Chapter 14 Geography and History,Canada,英语国家概况,History,II,CONTENT,Geography,I,1.1 Location and Size,1. Which of the following descriptions is correct about Canada? the second largest country in the world located in the North American continent Atlantic in the east, Pacific in the west, Arctic Ocean to the north share land borders with the United States to the south and northwest Canada has the longest coastline in the world.,1.2 Geographic Regions and Climate,2. How many geographic regions can Canada be divided into? The Atlantic Region The Central Region The Prairie Region The Pacific Region The Northern Region 3. Canadas vast territory and unique topography result in a climate with wide regional variations. Can you figure out what the weather is like in the above regions?,a continental climate,a moderate climate,cold winter, hot summer, sparse precipitation,temperature below zero for seven months,1.3 Major CitiesOttawa,the capital of Canada the countrys fourth largest city located in the Ottawa Valley lies on the banks of the Ottawa River a humid continental climate the seventh coldest capital in the world by annual average temperature, but ranks the third by mean of January temperature nickname: Bytown,(Left) A house is barely visible from beneath the heavy Ottawa snowfall.,1.3 Major CitiesToronto,located on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario the largest city in Canada the provincial capital of Ontario Canadas financial capital the fifth most populous municipality in North America ranked 14th in the world with over 4 million tourist arrivals a year a humid continental climate one of the safest major cities in North America with a low crime rate,1.3 Major CitiesToronto (cont.),the tallest tower in the western hemisphere, the worlds second tallest freestanding structure,1.3 Major CitiesMontreal,the second largest city in Canada the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec used to be the largest city in Canada and the industrial and financial centre of Canada The official language of Montreal is French. the largest French-speaking city in North America, and second in the world after Paris humid continental climate,Montreals Underground City the largest underground complex in the world,1.3 Major CitiesVancouver,a coastal city and major seaport in southwestern British Columbia the third largest in the country ranked one of the three most livable cities in the world ethnically diverse, with 52% of city residents and 43% of metro residents having a first language other than English temperate climate the second largest Chinatown in North America after San Francisco,Chinese New Year Parade,to the use and enjoyment of people of all colors, creeds and customs for all time,History,II,2.1 Discovery and Exploration,In 1497, John Cabot, an Italian sea captain, sailed west from Britain, searching for a new route to Asia. This voyage led to the discovery of Canada. The French exploration of Canada began in 1535, when Jacques Cartier attempted to find new routes to the Orient. Trading with the local Indians began.,Fur trade,2.2 European Settlement,In the early 1600s, both Britain and France founded permanent settlements in Canada.,During the 1750s, the famous Seven Years War between France and Britain started. All of Canada came under British control.,2.3 British Canada,In 1774, the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act, coping with the differences between French and British People. In 1791, Canada was split into Upper Canada (English-speaking Ontario) and Lower Canada (French-speaking Quebec). In 1841, Upper and Lower Canada united as the British Colony, the Province of Canada.,2.4 Canadian Nation,In 1867, The Constitution Act created the self-governing dominion of Canada. In 1931, Canada was recognized as an equal partner of Britain. The federal governments power increased since the 1950s to its historical height. By 1961, the country had become one of the worlds most urbanized nations. During the 1970s, the relationship between Canada and the US became strained.,2.5 Canada Since the 1980s,The Canada Act of 1982 made Canada a fully sovereign state. In the early 1990s, Meech Lake Accord and Charlottetown Accord both failed in a national referendum. In the 1993 national election, Progressive Conservative Party was defeated by the Liberals. In 1997 Chretiens Liberal government succeeded in ending the 20 years of federal budget deficit. When Paul Martin took office, Sino-Canadian relationship improved.,Exercise,Rearrange the following event to make a brief outline of the Canadian history. a. Jacques Cartier arrived and claimed territory for the King of France.34 b. American Revolution ended with the establishment of the border between Canada and the United States. 1783-1791 c. First Indian and Inuit resided on the land. d. American army invaded Canada, captured Montreal and besieged Quebec City e. The Constitutional Act established the Upper and Lower Canada1791,Early History of Canada,Exercise (cont.),f. The Quebec Act: the predominant French population in Quebec and surrounding places were allowed to be governed according to French laws. g. Champlain and the French settled and established control of the territory in and around Quebec City. This colony was called New France16