初高中英语语法衔接时态语态20150906.ppt

初高中英语语法衔接系列(一),时态与语态,一、动词时态 英语的时态从时间上来看，可分为“现在”，“过去”，“将来“和”过去将来“四大类。动词共有十六种不同时态，但常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时 、现在完成进行时、将来完成时和将来进行时,1）经常性、习惯性的动作 I go to work by bus. 2）现在的特征或状态 I am a teacher and I teach English. I love sports. 3）普遍真理/谚语/情景提示 Light travels faster than sound. Water boils at 100. Practice makes perfect. A friend in need is a friend indeed.,I. 一般现在时,2、谓语构成 1) 肯定句：谓语用动词原形或第三人称单数 Toms parents _ to work by bike every day.,go,Li Tao _ English every morning.,studies,2) 否定句：谓语用 dont/doesnt 加动词原形构成 I _ (not get) up at six every morning.,dont get,She _ (not watch) TV in the evening.,doesnt watch,3) 一般问句： 用 Do 或 Does 加陈述句（谓语动词用原形） -_ he _ (work) in a plastic factory? -No, he doesnt.,Does work,(4) 特殊问句：疑问词加一般问句 -_ do you write to him? -Once a month.,How often,(1)As you can see , the number of cars on roads _rising these days . A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping,(2)This machine _. It hasnt worked for years . didnt work B. wasnt working C. doesnt work D. isnt working,(3) Scientists think that the continents _always where they _today . A. arent ; are B. arent ;were C. werent ;are D. werent ;were,II. 一般过去时,1、一般过去时用法：句中常有表示过去的时间状语如 yesterday, in 1989, once, last week (month, year), at that time, just now 等 1）表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态 He bought a new bike last week. They were in the office just now. 2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 When I was a small child, I often went to that park and played football. He used to walk along the road after supper.,2、谓语构成 1）肯定句：谓语用动词的过去式 Yesterday, I _ to a shop and _ a pen.,went,bought,2）否定句：助动词 didnt 加动词原形 She _(take) any money with her that day.,didnt take,3）一般问句：助动词 Did 加陈述句（动词用原形） -_ you _ to the cinema last night? -No, I didnt.,Did,go,4）特殊问句：疑问词 + 一般问句 -_ _ you find your key? -I _ it under my desk.,Where,did,found,特殊句式 1. Its time we _ (have) a rest.,had,Its (high) time 后从句谓语用过去式,2. I would rather he _ (come) with you.,came,would rather 后从句谓语一般用过去式,用来表示语气委婉或对现在情况的虚拟，如： Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it happened yesterday.,III. 一般将来时,1、一般将来时用法： 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 I will go to Tibet some day by plane. He will be busy tonight. 2、谓语构成 1）肯定句 （1）will 加动词原形 （第一人称也可用 shall ） She _ back in twenty minutes.,will come,（2）be going to 加动词原形 a. 打算、计划做某事 I _ a dictionary tomorrow.,am going to buy,b. 即将、眼看要发生 Look at the dark clouds. It_ .,is going to rain,（3）be to 加动词原形：安排好的事 We _ at the entrance of the park.,are to meet,（4）按时刻表进行的, 可用现在时表示将来 The plane _ at a quarter past nine.,arrives,（5）用进行时表示将来 They _ (leave) tomorrow.,are leaving,come, leave, go, move, start, arrive, stay,（6）主句是将来时，条件从句用现在时 We _ (go) to the park if it _ (not, rain) tomorrow.,will go,doesnt rain,2）否定句：will / shall 加 notwont / shant He _ come to the party tomorrow.,b. We _ (give) it to him when he _ (arrive).,will give,arrives,c. One _ (not, learn) English well unless he _ (study) hard.,will not learn,studies,wont,Will,_ we have a break?,Shall,3）一般问句：将 will 提到句首（第一人称用 shall ） _ you go to the Summer Palace with us?,4）疑问词 + 一般问句 _ shall we meet next time?,When and where,_ is he going to do tomorrow afternoon?,What,_ will he turn to for help?,Who,_ shall we do if there is no bus?,What,(1) Your job _ open for your return. Thanks. A. will be kept B. will keeps C. keep D. was kept,(2)As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _and see him. A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come,3）Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached,4)-What would you do if it _tomorrow ? -We have to carry it on , since we have got everything ready . A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining,5)Look at the timetable . Hurry up ! Flight 4026_off at 18:20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken,(6)Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now. A. Will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call,(7)Look at these clouds._. A. Itll rain B. Its going to rain C. Itll be raining D. It is to rain,IV. 现在进行时,1、现在进行时用法： 1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作 I am teaching and you are listening to me. 2）表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作 He is writing a book this week. 3）与 always 连用表示赞扬、不满等情绪 The girl is always smiling happily. You are always making the same mistake.,2、谓语构成： be动词(am, is, are) + 现在分词 Toms mother _ (watch) TV and his father _ (read) newspaper.,is watching,is reading,2）否定句在 be 动词后加 not 一般问句只需把 be 动词提到句首 They _ (not, play) football. They _ (play) basketball.,are not playing,are playing,-_ she _ (do) her homework now? -No, she isnt. she _ (write) a letter.,Is,doing,is writing,-Who _ our teacher _ (talk) with? -He _ with my father.,is,talking,is talking,3 下列动词不可用进行时。,表示心理状态，情感的动词：like, love，hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, need, mean.,表感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, Sound, taste, look, watch.,1. I dont suppose the police know who did it. Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now. Ahas been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned,(2)Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _ ? A. did they speak B. were they speaking C. are they speaking D. have they been speaking,3Are you still busy? Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long. A. just finish B. am just finishing C. have just finished D. am just going to finish,V. 过去进行时,1、过去进行时用法 表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作 He was watching TV when I came in. 2、谓语构成 be 动词(was, were) + 现在分词 a. She _ (see) a film with her friend this time yesterday.,was seeing,b. We _ football when it began to rain.,were playing,(1) Whats wrong with your coat? Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it. A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting,(2)Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she _. A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing,（1）As she _ the newspaper, Granny_ asleep. A. read, was falling B. was reading, fell C. was reading , was falling D. read, fell,(2 ) I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred,VI. 现在完成时,1、现在完成时用法： 1）表示动作已经完成（强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果） I have finished my work. He has found his lost key. 2）表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态 They have worked in that factory for ten years.,2、谓语构成： 助动词(have, has) + 过去分词 We _ one hundred apple trees this year.,have planted,Miss Li _ an English-Chinese dictionary.,has bought,2）否定句： 在助动词(have, has)后加 nothavent, hasnt I _ (not, finish) reading the novel.,3、have been 与 have gone 的区别 He has been to Washington twice. 去过 He has gone to Washington. 去了（现在不在这里）,havent finished,The meeting will begin in five minutes but she _ (not, come) yet.,hasnt come,3）一般问句：把助动词(have, has)提到句首 -_ you _ (hand) in your homework? -No, I havent.,Have,handed,-_ he _ (tell) you the exciting news? -Yes, he has.,Has,told,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别？,(1)We _our new neighbors yet , so we dont know their names. A. dont meet B. wont meet C. havent met D. hadnt met,(2)The coffee is wonderful ! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before . A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had,(3)My brother is an actor .He _ in several films so far . A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing,(6) The window is dirty , I know .It _for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned,(7) - Where _ the recorder ? -I cant see it anywhere .I _it right here , but now its gone . A. did you put ; have put B. have you put ; put C. had you put ; was putting D. were you putting,VII. 过去完成时,1、过去完成时用法（过去的过去） 表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作 When I arrived, the film _ (begin).,2、过去完成时构成：had + 过去分词 When I got home, they _ (get) supper ready.,had begun,They _ (learn) Chinese for a year before they came to China.,had learned,He _ (finish) writing the report by the end of last month.,had finished,She told us her parents _ (work) in the hospital for twenty years.,had worked,had got,He said he _ to Japan twice.,had been,特殊句式 1. Hardly _ we _ (begin) when we were told to stop.,had,begun,2. No sooner _ the murderer _ (come) back home than he was arrested.,had,come,Hardlywhen； No soonerthan： 一就 前一时态用过去完成时，后一时态用过去时,2-Hurry up ! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate . -Oh ! I thought they _without me. A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone,1.The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous . She _before . A. hasnt flown B. didnt fly C. hadnt flown D. wasnt flying,VIII. 过去将来时,1、过去将来时用法： 表示在过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作 He said he would visit the Palace Museum the next week.,2、过去将来时构成： would + 动原或 was(were) going to + 动原 He told me he _ (take) me to the US the next month.,would take,They said they _ (not, allow) any reporter to enter their factory.,wouldnt allow,We told her we _ (send) her to Beijing.,were going to send,IX. 现在完成进行时,1、用法 从过去开始的动作不间断地延续到现在，有可能继续持续下去。 2、谓语构成： have / has been doing,have been waiting,It _ (rain) since this Monday.,has been raining,We _ (wait) for him for three hours.,将来完成时 “will have done” 表示到将来的某个时间已经完成的行为。 We _ (complete) the building by the end of next year.,will have completed,will be having,将来进行时 “will be doing” 表示在将来的某个时间里正在进行的动作。 Please ask him not to phone me when he comes, I _ (have) a meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon.,动 词 的 语 态,主动语态,被动语态,主语是动作的执行者,We water the flowers once a week.,They caught the thief stealing a bike.,主语是动作的承受者,The flowers are watered once a week.,The thief was caught stealing a bike.,一、被动语态的构成： be 动词 + 及物动词的过去分词 二、各种时态的被动语态： 主动句变被动句： a. 主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语 b. 被动句的谓语由“be + 原主动句谓语动词的过去分词”构成，由 be 体现时态（语态变了，时态不能变） c. 主动句的主语变为 by 的宾语，可省略 1、一般现在时： The dustmen clean the street every morning.,The street,is cleaned,by the dustmen,every morning.,The street is cleaned every morning.,am / is / are + 过去分词,2、一般过去时： We hid the ball behind the door last night.,The ball _ behind the door by us last night.,was / were + 过去分词,3、一般将来时： They will plant some pine trees in the park.,Some pine trees _ in the park.,will be + 过去分词,4、现在进行时： The workers are building a new bridge over the river.,A new bridge _ over the river.,am / is / are + being + 过去分词,5、过去进行时： The doctors were operating on him when I arrived.,He _ when I arrived.,was / were + being + 过去分词,was hidden,will be planted,is being built,was being operated on,6、现在完成时： He has posted all the letters.,All the letters_.,have / has + been + 过去分词,1、双宾语：一个变主语，另一个不动(间宾前加介词) My friend bought me two English books.,I _ two Engl