国际货运代理英语(货代英语)forwarderEnglish1to21.ppt

国际货运代理专业英语 （第一单元至第二十一单元）,讲课人：苏同江 青岛远洋船员学院管理系 2009年5月,2009年国际货代英语考试题型,1. 单项选择题（15题，15分） 2. 判断题（15题，15分） 3. 多项选择题（10题，20分） 4. 完型填空题 （10题，10分） 5. 中英文互译（20分） 专业术语翻译题 (中译英和英译中)和短语翻译。 6. 英文单证题（20分）,Unit One 新内容 International Trade,(一）基本要求 了解: Definition and Importance, Barriers to International Trade 熟悉: Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade, WTO 掌握: Risks in International Trade, Steps of International Trade （二）考试内容： 1. Definition and Importance 2. Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade 3. Risks in International Trade 4. World Trade Organization 5. Barriers to International Trade 6. Steps of International Trade,2. Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade,International trade is typically more costly（成本高） than domestic trade.(reason: additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to board delays and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system, culture. ) The factors of production（ 生产要素）are typically more mobile （流动）within a country than across countries. (International trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and service). International trade is also a branch of economics, which together with international finance, forms the large branch of international economics.,3. Risks in International Trade,Economic risks (1)insolvency （破产）of the buyer; (2)the failure of the buyer to pay the amount; (3)non-acceptance;(4) exchange rate, etc. Political risks (1)cancellation or non-renewal of export or import licenses ; (2)war risks; (3)expropriation or confiscation of the importers company; (4)risk of the imposition of an import ban （禁止进口）after the shipment of the goods;(5) transfer riskimposition of exchange controls （外汇管制） by the importers country or foreign currency shortages; (6)influence of political parties in importers company.,4.World Trade Organization,WTO definition（世贸组织） It is best described as an umbrella organization （伞式组织）under which the agreements that came out of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations（乌拉圭多边贸易谈判） are gathered. WTO functions to implement, administer, and carry out WTO Agreement and it annexes; to act as a forum for ongoing multilateral trade negotiations; to serve as a tribunal for resolving disputes; to review （评价、回顾）the trade policies and practices of member states.,6. Steps （步骤）of International Trade Starting with market research Seeking customers Contact each other by sending inquiries Status inquiry（询价状况） Quotations or offers;acceptance or non acceptance Order; contract Obtaining import/export license; opening L/C ，receiving L/C Preparation of goods by the seller Inspection or survey of goods Reserving shipping space（订舱） Effecting insurance Customs clearance Shipping advice Negotiation of export documents under L/C by the beneficiary Redemption of documents （赎单）under L/C Customs clearance for import Delivery of goods Lodging and settling claims （索理赔）(if any),Unit Two Scope of Freight Forwarding Service,（一）基本要求 了解：The freight forwarders original duty 熟悉： Scope of the forwarders services on behalf of the consignor 掌握：Scope of the forwarders services on behalf of the consignee （二）考试内容 1. The freight forwarders original duty 2. Scope of the forwarders services on behalf of the consignor 3. Scope of the forwarders services on behalf of the consignee,2. The forwarders services on behalf of consignor(exporter),Choose the route, mode of transport and a suitable carrier. Book space with the selected carrier. Take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as the Forwarders Certificate of Receipt , （FCR收货凭证） the Forwarders Certificate of Transport , （FCT运输凭证） etc. Study the provisions of the letter of credit and all Government regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export, the country of import, as well as any transit country; he would also prepare all the necessary documents.,2. The forwarders services on behalf of consignor（exporter）,Pack the goods, taking into account the route, the mode of transport, the nature of the goods and applicable regulations, if any, in the country of export, transit counties and country of destination. Arrange warehousing of the goods, if necessary. Weight and measure the goods. Draw the consignors attention to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of goods, if required by the consignor. Transport the goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance, related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier.,2. The forwarders services on behalf of consignor（exporter）,Attend to foreign exchange transactions, if any. Pay fees and other charges including freight. Obtain the signed bills of lading from the carrier and arrange delivery to the consignor. Arrange for transshipment en route if necessary. Monitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contracts with the carrier and the forwarders agents abroad. Note damages to or losses of the goods, if any. Assist the consignor in pursuing claims（索赔）, if any, against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to them.,3. The forwarders services on behalf of consignee（importer）,Monitor the movement of goods on behalf of the consignee when the consignee control the freight (goods). Receive and check all relevant documents relating to the movement of the goods. Take delivery of the goods from the carrier and, if necessary, pay the freight costs. Arrange customs clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities.,3. The forwarders services on behalf of consignee（importer）,Arrange transit warehousing, if necessary. Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee. Assist the consignee in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to them. Assist the consignee, if necessary, in warehousing and distribution.,Unit Three Incoterms 2000,（一）基本要求 了解：Purpose of Incoterms and Its Amendments 熟悉：FCA, CPT and CIP 掌握：FOB, CFR and CIF （二）考试内容 1. Purpose of Incoterms and Its Amendments 2. FOB, CFR, CIF, FCA, CPT, CIP,1. FOB (Free on Board),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订立运输、适用运输方式 FOB means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ships rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.,2. CFR (Cost and Freight),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订立运输、适用运输方式 CFR means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ships rail in the port of shipment. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer. The CFR term required the seller to clear the goods for export. This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.,3. CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订立运输、适用运输方式、保险 CIF means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ships rail in the port of shipment. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. The CIF term required the seller to clear the goods for export This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.,4. FCA (Free Carrier 货交承运人),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订舱、适用运输方式、交货点 FCA means that the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place. It should be noted that the chosen place of delivery occurs at the sellers premises, the seller is responsible for loading. If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport. If the buyer nominates a person other than a carrier to receive the goods, the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are delivered to that person.,5. CPT (carriage paid to运费付至 ),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订舱、适用运输方式 CPT means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. This means that the buyer bears all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered. This term required the seller to clear the goods for export. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport.,6. CIP (carriage and insurance paid to),含义、风险点、清关、费用、订舱、适用运输方式、保险 CIP means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. This means that the buyer bears all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport.,Unit Four UCP 600 （新内容）,（一）基本要求 了解：The Structure of the UCP 600 熟悉：Reasons for a Revision 掌握：Major Changes of UCP 600 （二）考试内容： 1. Reasons for a Revision 2. The Structure of the UCP 600 3. Major Changes of UCP 600,1. Reasons for a Revision,To address （着重于）developments in the banking, transport and insurance industries. To improve the drafting of the UCP in order to facilitate consistent application and interpretation of the Rules. To enhance the reputation （名誉）of L/C as settlement means of choice among international traders. To reduce documentary rejections. Overall effect is one of clarification and consolidation （澄清与合并）.,3. Major Changes of UCP 600,UCP does not apply unless it is expressly mentioned in the text of the L/C. The banks now have a maximum of five banking days following the day of presentation, and no longer the reasonable time not exceeding 7 banking days. Data in a document, when read in context with the credit, the document itself and international standard banking practice, need not be identical to , but must not conflict with data in the document, any other stipulated document or the L/C.（单据中内容的描述不必与信用证、信用证对该项单据的描述以及国际标准银行实务完全一致，但不得与该项单据中的内容、其它规定的单据或信用证相冲突）。 Under the new UCP, the commercial invoice must be made out in the same currency as the L/C. Bs/L may now allow transshipment, provided that the entire carriage is covered by one and the same B/L.,Unit Five Terms of Shipment in the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods,（一）基本要求 了解：Terms of Shipment 熟悉：Ways of Stipulating Time of Shipment 掌握：Interpretation of terms and points of the time of shipment in the contract: （二）考试内容 1. Time of shipment 2. Interpretation of terms 3. Points to note when the traders discuss the time of shipment in the contract,1. Ways of Stipulating Time of Shipment,Shipment on or about June 20,2008 Shipment not later than July 31st ,2008 Shipment to be made during June/July, 2008 Shipment within 15 days after receipt of remittance (汇款) Shipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C,2. Interpretation of terms,If the expression “on or about” or similar expressions are used, banks will interpret them as a stipulation that shipment is to be made during the period from five days before to five days after the specified date, both end days included. The words “to, until, till, from, between” and words of similar expressions applying to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understood to include the date mentioned.,2. Interpretation of terms,The word “before and after” will be understood to exclude the date mentioned. The terms “first half, second half” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 15th, and the 16th to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive. The terms “beginning, middle, or end” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th, the 11th to the 20th, and the 21st to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive.,3. Points to note,(1)The exporter should consider whether he can get the goods ready before the shipment date and whether the ship is available if the goods are ready. (2)The time of shipment should be stipulated in a clear and flexible way. Expressions such as “prompt”, “immediately”, “as soon as possible” and the like should not be used. (3)Sometimes, the L/C simply stipulates an expiry date without a shipment date which means these two dates are the same.,3. Points to note,(4)If the expiry date of the credit（信用证有效期） and/or the last day of the period of time for presentation of documents （交单期）stipulated by the credit falls on a day on which the bank to which presentation has to be made is closed, the stipulated expiry date and/or the last day of the period of time after the date of shipment for presentation of documents, as the case may be, shall be extended to the first following day on which such bank is open.,3. Point to note,(5) The latest date for shipment （最迟装运期）shall not be extended by reason of the extension of the expiry date and/or the period of time after the date of shipment for presentation of documents. If no such latest date for shipment is stipulated in the credit or amendments, banks will not accept transport documents indicating a date of shipment later than the expiry date stipulated in the credit or amendments.,Unit Six Documentary Credit（新内容）,（一）基本要求 了解：Basic Contents of an L/C and Basic Procedure of a Documentary Letter of Credit 熟悉：Definition, Characteristics of Settlement by L/C 掌握：Parties to an L/C, Types of Letters of Credit （二）考试内容： 1. Definition 2. Parties to an L/C 3. Basic Contents of an L/C 4. Basic Procedure of a Documentary Letter of Credit 5. Characteristics of Settlement by L/C 6. Types of Letters of Credit,1. Definition,A letter of credit is the written promise of a bank（银行书面保证文件） to act at the request and on the instructions of the applicant and to undertake payment to the beneficiary （承诺付款给受益人） in the amount specified in the credit, provided that the beneficiary complies with the terms and conditions of the credit.,2. Parties to an L/C,Applicant: the party which applies to the bank for opening L/C (buyer or importer) Issuing bank : the bank that issues a L/C at the request of the applicant Advising bank : the bank that advises the beneficiary of an L/C Beneficiary: the party in whose favor an L/C is opened and which should comply with the terms and conditions of the credit in order to receive the proceeds (seller, exporter) Negotiating bank: the bank that negotiates the beneficiarys draft. It may be the advising bank or another bank authorized to negotiate the documents,5. Characteristics of Settlement by L/C,The issuing bank has the primary liabilities for payment; An L/C is a self-sufficient instrument（自足文件）; It is simply a document transaction. The relevant parties deal with documents only, rather than with the goods or services（银行处理的是单据，而不是单据所涉及的货物、服务）。If the goods do not conform to the documents after the applicant pays the issuing bank, the applicant can only take this matter up with the defaulting parties. It has nothing to do with the bank. On the contrary, if the goods are in order, but the document are not correct, the issuing bank and the applicant have the right to refuse to pay the seller.,6. Types of Letters of Credit,Documentary credits ( shipping documents required) Clean credits (光票信用证only drafts required) Irrevocable documentary credits (cannot be cancelled) Confirmed credits (confirmed by another bank) Unconfirmed credits (非保兑not confirmed by another bank) Sight credits (effect payment immediately) Time credits(effect payment not immediately) Other Credit：Payment （付款）credits, acceptance （承兑）credits, negotiation（议付） credits, anticipatory （预支）credit, revolving （循环）credits, transferable （可转让）credits, back-to-back credits, etc.,Unit 7 The Practice of International Ocean Cargo Transportation,（一）基本要求 了解：Transport geography 熟悉：Different Types of Shipping Services 掌握：Shipping Documents （二）考试内容： 1. Transport geography 2. Different Types of Shipping Services 3. Shipping Documents,2. Different Types of Shipping Services,2.1 Conference lines（班轮公会航线） (1) definition A shipping conference （班轮公会） is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provided a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of port of call. (2) purpose to eliminate price competition among member lines to reduce outside competition (3) advantages to shippers are stability of freight rates and regularity of services. (4) disadvantages Rates are usually high. Rates do not fluctuate according to supply and demand Rates and procedures are inflexible.,2.2 Non-Conference lines This is attributable to the development of containerization and emergence of many independent carriers. 2.3 Non-vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC) An NVOCC is a carrier who operates a regular scheduled service. He does not own or operate the vessels by which sea transportation is provided. Although the NVOCC is a carrier in his relationship with the actual shipper, he is a shipper in his relationship with the actual carrier. He renders a useful service by providing groupage or consolidation services, particularly to small shipper who do not have much bargaining power in negotiating rates. 2.4 Tramp service（不定期船运输） Tramp service has no fixed itinerary or schedule and is operated on any route according to supply and demand.,3. Shipping documents,(1) The bill of lading The bill of lading by itself is not a contract of carriage as it signed only by the carrier. However, it provides evidence of contract of carriage. It serves as a re