对外汉语拼音教学.ppt

第一课 Lesson One,汉语拼音 和 日常用语 Chinese Pnyn & Daily Expressions,目录,Chinese Pinyin Introduction,Syllable = Initial Consonant + Vowel +Tone,m = m + a + ,Initial Consonant：21 Vowel：38 Tone：4,1,n ho 你 好,hanzi,pinyin,n ,shengmu,yunmu,shengdiao,汉语拼音 Chinese Pnyn,Function:Just like the phonetic alphabets in English, Pnyn helps us to read Chinese words. Formation: Initials 声母 shng m Finals 韵母 yn m Tones 声调 shng dio e.g. 你 (you) n-i- n 好 (good,fine) h-ao- ho,声调 shng dio,The Chinese putonghua has four basic tones. They are shown by the tone-marks:(the 1st tone),(the 2nd tone),(the 3rd tone),(the 4th tone). Different tones may express different meanings.,声调 shng dio,b b b b,声调 shng dio,m m m m,声调 shng dio,1. The tone-mark should be placed over the vowels,eg: n, g,b 2. When a tone-mark is placed above the vowel i, the dot over it must be left out,eg: b,wn jin ji 3. A compound final carries two or more vowels, the tone-mark is placed over the vowel which pronounced with the mouth opening wider and louder,usually a,o,e,eg: li, pio, du,声调 shng dio,轻声（the Neutral Tone) Every Chinese character in Chinese Putonghua has its specific tone.But sometimes,in a word or a sentence some syllables lose their original tones and become weak and short, therefore it is called the neutral tone.The neutral tone syllables are shown by the absence of the tone-mark, for example: Bba 爸爸（father,dad) mma 妈妈（mother, mum),声母 shng m Consonants, 21,When used as initials, the following consonants are pronounced roughly the same as they are in English. b p m f d t n l g k h j s,声母 shng m Consonants, 21,When used as initials, the following consonants are pronounced quite differently from what they are in English. q x z c zh ch sh r,声母 shng m,b b lu 菠萝 (pineapple) b ba 爸爸 (dad) b 不 (no) (similar with b in Brother but no buff of breath),声母 shng m,P po b 跑步 （running,run) (similar to p in port pie But should be more articulated with more aspiration),声母 shng m,m m m 妈妈 （mum) mi 买 （buy) （same as m in man mug),声母 shng m,f ch fn 吃饭 （eating) fng 风 （wind) (same with f in from far ),声母 shng m,d d 大 （big, huge） ddi 弟弟 （younger brother) (similar with d in dog dust but no puff of breath ),声母 shng m,t ti yng 太阳（sun) t bi 特别（ very much) (similar to t in term tide top But should be more articulated with more aspiration),声母 shng m,n nn rn 男人 （male,man) n 拿 （take,pick,hold) （similar as n in no nation),声母 shng m,l lng 龙 （dragon) kui l 快乐（happy) （same as l in letter learn ),声母 shng m,g g ge 哥哥 （older brother) go 高 （tall, high) (Similar with g in grill good but no puff of breath),声母 shng m,k K k y 渴 （thirsty) 可 以 (can) shng k 上 课 ( have class) ko sh 考试（exam) (similar to k in key But should be more articulated with more aspiration),声母 shng m,h h shu (drink water) h 河 （river) hi hn 海 （sea) 很 （too much) (h sounds like “h” in the English word“her” heart , but it must be added more friction of the breath than it is in English.),声母 shng m,j j 鸡 （chicken) ji 家（ home) (j in Jeep ),声母 shng m,q q 七 （seven) qin 钱（money) q zi (wife) ( ch in cheese ),声母 shng m,x x 西（the west) x hun 喜欢（like) xu x 学 习 (study) (sh in sheep ),声母 shng m,z z 字（characters) zu 坐（sit) (similar with ds in friends z in zero ),声母 shng m,c ci 菜 （vegetable, dishes) ci 猜（guess) (similar with the ts in bits students ),声母 shng m,s s 四 （four) s nin 思念 （miss someone) (similar to s in student),声母 shng m,zh zh 这（this) zhn 站 （stand) zh do (know) ( similar with dge in judge ),声母 shng m,ch ch 吃（eat） chng 长（long) (similar to ch in church,but must have srong puff of breath),声母 shng m,sh lo sh 老师（teacher) sh 十 (ten) (similar to sh in shirt),声母 shng m,r rn 人 （human,people) r 热 （hot) (similar to r in run),声母 shng m Test: listen and choose the Initials you hear.,b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s,a o e i u ,dn yn m 单 韵 母：,a,a in Father y 阿 姨 b b 爸 爸 m m 妈 妈,o,Aw W 我 f 佛,e,Uh kui l le k 饿 快 乐 了 可,i,E see bee n m fn 4 你 米 饭,u,oo in Loop book b xn b zh do 不 行 不 知 道,(First, try to pronounce “i“, and then your tongue stays here, gradually purse your lips. Try it yourself) y xi y l s 鱼 下 雨 绿 色,韵母 yn m 39, vowels,or vowel+n/ng,Single finals a o e i u ,f yn m 复 韵 母（componund finals）,ai ei ao ou ia ie ua uo e,ai,ai (as in “high“) w i n k i 我 爱 你 可 爱 zi bi 在 白 zi jin 再 见,ei,(like a long “a“ or the “ei“ in “eight“) li hi 累 黑,ao,-ao (as in “how“ or “out“) ho mo sho lo o zo shn ho 好 猫 少 老 高 早 上 好,ou,(like the “ow“ in “low“ or “boat“) du u ku shu zu 都 狗 口 手 走,ia,ia ( like ya in “yard“) ji 家,ie,-ie (like ye in “yes“) bi ji r xi xi 别 节 日 谢 谢,ua,-ua (u followed by a) ku hu zhu shu 夸 花 抓 刷,uo,-uo (as in “war“) c su du sho u ji 厕 所 多 少 国 家,e,xu x xu shen xu xio d xu yu hu 学 习 学 生 学 校 大 学 约 会,sn chng yn m 三 重 韵 母（ finals consisting of 3 single finals）,uai uei(ui) iao iou(iu),uai,-uai (like wi in “wild“) shui hui shui 帅 坏 衰,Uei (ui),-ui (similar to “way“) du b du u hu b hu shu shu 对 不 对 贵 会 不 会 水 谁,iao,-iao (like yow in “yowl“) jio jio bio nio lio tin xio 叫 脚 表 鸟 聊 天 小,iou(iu),-iu (like yo in “yoga“) di ni li 丢 牛 六,b yn m 鼻 韵 母（nasal finals）,qin b yn m 前 鼻 韵 母 (front nasal finals),an en in ian uen(un) uan an,an,-an (like the sounds of “John“ or “angry“) mn ch fn hn y hn nn 慢 吃 饭 汉 语 很 难,en,-en (like “en“ in “open“) rn zhn u rn ti u rn 人 中 国 人 泰 国 人 zn me yn zhn zhn de m 怎 么 样 真 真的吗,in,-in (as in “bin“) nn jn tin xn 您 今 天 新,ian,-ian (similar to “yen“) qin du sho qin min tio fn din 钱 多 少 钱 面 条 饭 店,uan,-uan (u followed by an) lun dun un mn 乱 短 关 门,uen(un),As when yn kn mn chn tin 云 昆 明 春 天,an n,-uan un( followed by an n, only with initials j,q,x) yun qun xun z 远 劝 选 择,hu b yn yn m 后 鼻 音 韵 母(back nasal finals),ang eng ing ong iang ueng iong uang,ang,(like the sound of “under“ or “rang ) pn mn zhn shn k rn zn 胖 忙 张 上 课 让 脏,eng,-eng (like the “ung“ in “lung“) fn nn xu shen 风 能 学 生,ing,-ing (like “sing“) mn zi tn 名 字 听 n jio shn me mn zi ？ 你 叫 什 么 名 字 ？,ong,ong (like the “ung“ in “lung“ with a slight “oo“ sound) yn dn n zu zhn u 用 东 工 作 中 国,iang,(-i followed by ang),uang,-uang (like wang in “twang“),ueng,u after with eng,iong,(i merged with ong),t sh yun yn yn m 特殊 元 音 韵 母( special finals）,er 儿 er can not be combined with any other yunmu( finals） ，it can only be the finals by itself. It is commonly used in northern dialect. There are many words in the northern dialect pronunciation of vowels occur due to the volume of tongue action sound change, and this phenomenon is called er hua.,er,er in herd,-i (in zi ci si) -i（in zhi chi shi),Simple Vowels,a jar o log e bird er,2,i east u moon ,a o e,i u ,3、Initial Consonants,b(+o) brother b b b p(+o) pie p p p m(+o) mug m m m f(+o) far f f f,d(+e) dust d d d t(+e) tide t t t n(+e) nation n n n l(+e) learn l l l,g(+e) grill g g g k(+e) key k k k h(+e) heart h h h,j(+i) j j q(+i) q q x(+i) x x,z(+-i) zero z z z c(+-i) students c c c s(+-i) students s s s,zh(+-i) zh zh zh ch(+-i) ch ch ch sh(+-i) sh sh sh r(+-i) r r r, m b l m b l m b l m b l,Mark tones rules,(1)aoeiu b bo bi xi p pu d ni xi (2)iu,ui li ni ; du tu,(3) j,q,x j j q q x x n l,5、Other Vowels,ai i mi ci ei bi hi fi ao o lo bo ou u du tu,ia y xi ji ie y li bi,韵母 yn m,i 1. When i stands by itself as a syllable, it should be written as yi. 2. i should be written as y when it is placed at the beginning of a final standing by itself as a syllable, or y is added before i,eg: ia-ya ie-ye iou-you iang-yang,韵母 yn m,u 1. When u stands by itself as a syllable, it should be written as wu. 2. When u combines with other finals to form syllables, it should be written as W,eg: ua-wa uo-wo uei-wei uan