2019年高中英语Unit2TheOlympicGamesSectionⅠWarmingUp.docx

Unit 2 The Olympic GamesMany Olympians failed drug tests at the Olympic Games. Taking drugs in sports is a global problem. Some people ask， “Whats wrong with Olympians using drugs to help them compete better？” They say，“Even if drugs are dangerous， the athletes choose to take the risk.” In other words， athletes should have complete control over their own bodies.There are several problems with this argument. The most important one is that doping (服用兴奋剂) creates an unfair environment. Imagine that you and I are runners. I take drugs to help me run faster and I win. You think that you must also take drugs to have a fair chance.One can easily see how doping would soon get out of control. If you start doping，I have to find a way to keep up. Perhaps， I will decide to take more drugs. Maybe I will look for different，stronger drugs to give me a better chance. Both of us would continue taking greater and greater risks.Expand it from Olympians to amateurs (业余选手)，including children. You may be thinking，“Children？ Who lets their children take drugs？” We all know parents who want their children to win at all costs. For them， there is no coach that is too expensive；no amount of practice that is too much； no cost that is too great. These parents might let their children take drugs to improve their chances. After all， they might have a career， making lots of money，etc.In the end， of course， the real problem is not the doping. It is the winatallcosts attitude. With the high value placed on winning，doping is unavoidable (不可避免的). We can test athletes. We can even stop them from competing，but we will never clear up the problem until we change our attitudes.Section_Warming Up & Reading PrereadingAN INTERVIEWPausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th, 2007 to find out about the presentday Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.P：My name is Pausanias. I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. Ive come to your time to find out about the presentday Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland. May I ask you some questions about the modern Olympics?L：Good heavens！ Have you really come from so long ago? But of course you can ask any questions you like. What would you like to know？Greek/rik/adj.希腊(人)的；希腊语的n.希腊人；希腊语magical/mdIkl/adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的find out 查明；弄清动词不定式短语to find out .作目的状语。presentday(复合形容词)当前的；现在的volunteer/vlntI/n.志愿者；志愿兵 adj.志愿的；义务的vt.&vi.自愿volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事Greece/ris/ n希腊what引导名词性从句，作介词in的宾语。used to do .过去常常做be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事be used to do sth.被用来做某事time n时代；时期in ancient times在古代homeland/hmlnd/n.祖国；本国because引导原因状语从句；该从句中又含有一个that引导的宾语从句。Good heavens！天哪！you like为questions的定语从句。采访帕萨尼亚斯是大约2 000年前的一位希腊作家，他于2007年3月18日作了一次魔幻旅行，来打听当代奥林匹克运动会的情况。现在他正在采访一位2008年奥林匹克运动会的志愿者李燕。帕：我叫帕萨尼亚斯。我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。现在我来到你们这个时代，想了解有关当代奥运会的情况，因为我知道2004年奥运会是在我的祖国举行的。我可以问你几个有关现代奥林匹克运动会的问题吗？李：天啊！你真的来自那么久远的年代？但是当然你可以问你想问的任何问题。你想知道什么呢？P：How often do you hold your Games?L：Every four years. There are two main sets of Games the Winter and the Summer Olympics， and both are held every four years on a regular basis. The Winter Olympics are usually held two years before the Summer Games. Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. They may come from anywhere in the world.P：Winter Games? How can the runners enjoy competing in winter? And what about the horses?L：Oh no! There are no running races or horse riding events. Instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice. Thats why theyre called the Winter Olympics. Its in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races， together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.P：I see. Earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world. Do you mean the Greek world? Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women！how often多久一次every four years每四年；每隔三年(every fourth year)the Winter and the Summer Olympics是two main sets of Games的同位语。regular/rejl/adj.规则的；定期的；常规的basis/beIsIs/n.(pl.bases)基础；根据on a regular basis例行地；有规律地；定期地on the basis of以为基础athlete/lit/n.运动员；运动选手athletic adj.体育运动的reach the agreed standard达到统一的标准be admitted as作为被接受admit/dmIt/vt.&vi.容许；承认；接纳enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事Thats why .中why引导表语从句。Its in the Summer Olympics that you have .为强调句，强调了地点状语in the Summer Olympics。together with意为“和；连同”，相当于with。有类似用法的还有along with。I see.(口语)我明白了。compete against .for为同竞争(compete with .for)compete in参加比赛compete for为比赛slave/sleIv/n.奴隶“nor/neither连系动词be/助动词/情态动词主语”结构表示“也不这样”，nor为否定副词，在句首引起倒装。帕：你们的奥运会多久举行一次？李：每四年一次。奥运会主要有两种：冬季奥运会和夏季奥运会。这两种运动会按常规都是每四年举行一次。冬季奥运会通常在夏季奥运会的前两年举行。只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。选手可以来自世界上任何一个地方。帕：冬季奥运会？冬天运动员怎么可能赛跑啊？又怎么可能赛马呢？李：噢，不！冬奥会并不包括跑步和骑马比赛，但是有像滑冰和滑雪这类需要冰雪的比赛项目，所以才叫它冬季奥运会。跑步、游泳、划船和所有团体项目是在夏季奥运会上进行的。帕：我明白了。你之前说邀请来的运动员来自世界各地。你指的是希腊世界吗？我们希腊各个城市之间曾经为了赢得荣誉而彼此竞争。别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！L：Nowadays any country can take part if their athletes are good enough. There are over 250 sports and each one has its own standard. Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics，athletics，team sports and .P：Please wait a minute! All those events, all those countries and even women taking part！ Where are all the athletes housed？L：For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well.P：That sounds very expensive. Does anyone want to host the Olympic Games?L：As a matter of fact， every country wants the opportunity. Its a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen. Theres as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. The 2008 Olympics will be held in Beijing, China. Did you know that?P：Oh yes! You must be very proud.nowadays/nadeIz/adv.现今；现在not only .but (also) .不仅而且play a role in在中扮演角色；起作用(play a part in)gymnastics/dImnstIks/n.(pl.)体操；体能训练athletics/letIks/n.(pl.)体育运动；竞技even women taking part是独立主格结构，这样显得语言简练。house此处为及物动词，意为“供给(某人)住处”。stadium/steIdIm/n.(露天大型)体育场(pl. stadiums/stadia)gymnasium (gym)/dImneIzIm/(/dIm/)n.体育馆；健身房as well也；又；还host/hst/vt.做东；主办；招待n.主人as a matter of fact(in fact)实际上；事实上responsibility/rIspnsbIltI/n.责任；职责accept responsibility fortake responsibility for为负责Its a great responsibility .to be chosen.，it为形式主语，真正的主语为to be chosen。句中包含“as much不可数名词as”结构，其意思是“和(程度上)一样多”。李：现在只要它们的运动员达到了参赛的标准，任何国家都能参赛。总共有250多个运动项目，每个项目都有自己的标准。妇女不仅允许参加，而且她们还在体操、竞技和团体等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用帕：请等一下！所有那么多项目，所有那么多国家，甚至妇女也都参加！所有这些参赛的人住在哪里呢？李：每届奥运会都有一个特殊的村庄(奥运村)供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，好几个供比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。帕：那听起来要花很多钱吧。会有人想承办奥运会吗？李：事实上，每个国家都想抓住这个机会。被选中不仅要承担巨大的责任同时也享有极大的荣誉。国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。2008年的奥运会将在中国的北京举行，你知道吗？帕：是的！你们一定很自豪。L：Certainly. And after that the 2012 Olympics will be held in London. They have already started planning for it. A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums will be built to the east of London. New medals will be designed of course and .P：Did you say medals? So even the olive wreath has been replaced！ Oh dear! Do you compete for prize money too?L：No, we dont. Its still all about being able to run faster, jump higher and throw further. Thats the motto of the Olympics, you know “Swifter， Higher and Stronger.”P：Well, thats good news. How interesting! Thank you so much for your time.will be held, will be built, will be designed均为一般将来时的被动语态，指在将来发生的被动动作。olive/lIv/n.橄榄树；橄榄叶；橄榄枝；橄榄色wreath/ri/n.花圈；花冠；圈状物replace/rIpleIs/vt.取代；替换；代替has been replaced是现在完成时的被动语态，其构成是：have/has been done。all about 一切为了；都是为了motto/mt/n.(pl.mottos或mottoes)座右铭；格言；警句the schools motto校训ones motto某人的座右铭swift/swIft/adj.快的；迅速的swifter是swift的比较级。李：当然。在那之后2012年的奥运会将在伦敦举行。他们现在已开始筹划。在伦敦的东部将为运动员建立一个新的奥运村和所有的运动场。当然还会设计新的奖牌帕：你刚才说奖牌是吗？就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！天哪！你们也为奖金而竞赛吗？李：不，不是的。仍然是为了能够跑得更快，跳得更高，掷得更远。你知道，奥运会的口号就是“更快，更高，更强”。帕：嗯，那是个好消息。很有趣！占用了你的时间，非常感谢。 PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings. 1competeA主人；做东；主办2magical B座右铭；格言；警句3volunteer C巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的4regular D容许；承认；接纳5basis E替换；取代6admit F规则的；定期的；常规的7host G志愿者；志愿的；自愿8responsibility H比赛；竞争9replace I责任；职责10motto J基础；根据15_610_答案：15HCGFJ610DAIEBLeadin1Look at the pictures and write the names of the following sports.AskatingBtable_tennis_(pingpong)CswimmingDdiving EbasketballFrunning2Which one is the mascot (吉祥物) of 2016 Olympic Games?答案：BWhilereadingFastreadingSkim the text and fill in the blanks about the main idea of the passage.The passage tells us the similarities and differences about the ancient and modern Olympics.Carefulreading()True (T) or False (F)1The Summer Olympics are usually held two years before the Winter Olympics._F_2Now any country can take part if their athletes are good enough._T_3There are running races and football games in the Summer Olympics._T_4Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event can take part in the Olympic Games._T_()Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.1Why did Pausanias come to China from Ancient Greece?ATo watch the presentday Olympic Games.BTo find out about the presentday Olympic Games.CTo take part in the presentday Olympic Games.DTo work as a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.2Which of the following cant be included in the Summer Olympic Games?ARunning races.BSwimming.CSailing. DSkiing.3Why do so many countries compete for hosting the Olympic Games?ABecause it can bring in lots of money to the host country.BBecause it can make the host country win more medals.CBecause its a great responsibility and a great honour.DBecause it can make the host country stronger.4Which word can best describe Pausanias feeling?ADisappointed. BAngry.CSad. DSurprised.答案：14BDCDStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th, 2007 to find out about the presentday Olympic Games.句式分析尝试翻译帕萨尼亚斯是大约2_000年前的一位希腊作家，他于2007年3月18日作了一次魔幻旅行，来打听当代奥林匹克运动会的情况。2I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. 句式分析尝试翻译我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。3Ive come to your time to find out about the presentday Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland.句式分析尝试翻译现在我来到你们这个时代，想了解有关当代奥运会的情况，因为我知道2004年奥运会是在我的祖国举行的。 .阅读理解AThey are the worlds fittest people.But even Olympic athletes have had their share of difficult, heartbreaking or embarrassing (令人难堪的) moments.1904 Olympics, St Louis, USAAmerican Fred Lorz crossed the finish line of the Olympic marathon (马拉松赛跑) with a time of 3 hours and 13 minutes.He had beaten the second runner by 15 minutes.Lorz looked happy and fresh, and smiled for the photographers.Just before they gave him the gold medal, the race officials arrived and took away the medal, and Lorz was banned from races for a year.Then an official told the truth.He had travelled by car for 11 miles of the marathon!1908 Olympics, London, EnglandThe Italian Dorando Pietri was one of the unluckiest marathon runners. When he arrived in the stadium, he was very tired.The people were cheering, but Pietri couldnt continue.He fell down and got up again four times.Finally, around seven metres from the finish line, he fell down again and didnt move.Worried officials ran over and picked him up.He crossed the finish line and won the gold medal.But a few hours later the Olympic officials had to take it away from him again.They said he couldnt be the winner because Olympic officials had helped him cross the line.2000 Olympics, Sydney, AustraliaEric Moussambani of Equatorial Guinea became one of the most loved athletes of the 2000 games.His race was the 100metre freestyle swim.He jumped into the pool and started swimming.After the first 50 metres he was very tired.He went more and more slowly and almost stopped in the middle of the pool.The officials worried that he was drowning (淹死)But Moussambani continued and finished the race with a time of 1 minute and 52 seconds, the slowest in the history of the Olympics.Still, Moussambani was happy.He had never swum in a pool of that size before.语篇解读：本文是应用文。文章介绍了三名未获得奥运会奖牌的运动员。1.Lorzs gold medal was taken away at the 1904 Olympics because _.Ahe broke the rulesBofficials made a mistakeCofficials picked him up halfwayDhe beat the second runner badly解析：选A细节理解题。根据1904 Olympics, St Louis, USA中的“He had travelled by car for 11 miles of the marathon.”可知，弗雷德洛茨被取消比赛名次是因为他在马拉松比赛中违反规定乘坐汽车完成比赛。2What happened to Pietri at the 1908 Olympics?AHe broke a world record.BHe finally won the gold medal.CHe fell down after finishing the race.DHe received help as he crossed the finish line.解析：选D细节理解题。根据1908 Olympics, London, England中的“Worried officials ran over and picked him up.He crossed the finish line and won the gold medal.”可知，道多兰多佩特里在别人的帮助下跨过了终点。3How did people look at Moussambani?AThey felt sorry for him.BThey thought highly of him.CThey showed no interest in him.DThey had mixed feelings about him.解析：选B细节理解题。根据2000 Olympics, Sydney, Australia中的“Eric Moussambani of Equatorial Guinea became one of the most loved athletes of the 2000 games.”可知，人们对艾瑞克姆萨巴尼这种坚持不懈的精神给予了高度评价。4Why did Moussambani feel happy at the 2000 Olympics?AHe was still alive.BHe finished the race alone.CHe achieved a personal best time.DHe got the chance to take part in the race.解析：选D推理判断题。根据2000 Olympics, Sydney, Australia中的“Still, Moussambani was happy.He had never swum in a pool of that size before.”可知，能有机会参加奥运会，并在这么大的游泳池里游泳让艾瑞克姆萨巴尼感到很高兴。BI was born in the city of York, in England, in 1632. My father was a man of some wealth, able to give me a good home and send me to school. It was his wish that I should be a lawyer but my head began to be filled very early with thoughts of travel, and I would be satisfied with nothing but going to sea. One day, being at Hull, I met one of my friends who was about to sail for London in his fathers ship, and he invited me to go with him. Without telling my father, I went on board.On the way to London, our ship was destroyed by a storm, and we almost lost our lives. I went on foot to London, where I met with the master of a large ship which did business with countries on the coast of Africa. He offered me a chance to go with him, which I gladly accepted.A great storm came up, and the ship was tossed (颠簸) about for many days, until we did not know where we were. Suddenly we hit a bank of sand, and the sea broke over the ship in such a way that we could not hope to have her hold many moments without breaking into pieces. So we used a boat instead. After we had been driven four or five miles, a mountainous wave (波浪) hit us so hard that it overturned the boat at once. I swam well but the waves were so strong that I was pushed against a rock with such force, and left unconscious. But I recovered a little before the waves returned, and, running forward, got to the mainland safely. I never regretted my decisions.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。作者主要向我们讲述了他渴望出海的强烈愿望和在海上的一些经历。5What did the author want to do most when he was young?ATo visit Africa.BTo sail the seas.CTo practice law. DTo move to London.解析：选B细节理解题。由第一段中的“my head began to be filled .going to sea”可知，B项说法正确。6The underlined word “unconscious” in the last paragraph means “_”Aalone BhungryCsleepy Dsenseless解析：选D词义猜测题。由该词前后的“the waves were so strong that I was pushed against a rock with such force”和“But I recovered a little”可知，作者被大浪狠狠地打在岩石上后失去了意识，故选D项。7In the last paragraph, the author mainly shows _.Awhat he did on the shipBwhat he went through at seaChow he became a man of wealthDhow he got to know a ship owner解析：选B段落大意题。作者在最后一段中主要向我们讲述了他跟随一艘大船前往非洲时在海上的一些经历，故选B项。8What can we learn about the author?AHe could not swim at all.BHe made his father very proud.CHe was not afraid of taking risks.DHe did business with African countries.解析：选C推理判断题。由作者在文中讲述的两次冒险经历和文章最后他所说的“I never regretted my decisions.”可知，他是一个敢于冒险的人，故选C项。CPeople need to relax and enjoy themselves. One way they can have a good time is to watch a baseball game or another sports event. Even thousands of years ago, groups of people gathered to watch skilled athletes.Over 2,000 years ago in Greece, certain days in the year were festival days. These were holidays when people stopped work and enjoyed themselves. They liked to watch athletes take part in races and other games of skill.The most important festival was held every four years at the town of Olympia. It was held in honour of the Greek god Zeus. For five days, athletes from all parts of the Greek world took part in the Olympic Games. At the Olympic Games, people could watch them box, run, jump and so on. There was a relay race between two teams of men in which a lighted torch (火炬) was passed from runner to runner. The Olympic Games were thought to be so important that cities which were at war with one another had to stop fighting. People were allowed to travel to the games freely. Thousands of people came to Ol