高考英语复习循序写作层级一表达无误保住分——“写对句子是基础（安排2个学案）教案（含解析）.docx

层级一 表达无误保住分“写对句子”是基础(安排2个学案)写作中写对句子是最基本的要求，其中最重要的一点是句子结构要完整。所以，同学们在平时训练时一定要从掌握基本句式做起，通过观摩、背诵、仿写，最终写出准确无误的句子。在高考中即使你的作文不能写得漂漂亮亮、洋气十足，也一定要写得像模像样，硬伤不多！所以学写作，要先从最基本的句子抓起。学案(一)万变不离其宗的5种基本句式句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。For one thing, I have developed fluency in spoken English.(20186月浙江高考写作)一方面，我已经熟练掌握了英语口语。The_13th_National_Games will take place in Tianjin at the end of August.(2017天津高考书面表达)第十三届全运会将于8月底在天津举行。And I can play outside too！(2016四川高考书面表达)我也可以在外面玩！即时演练补全句子1(2017江苏高考书面表达)如图所示，中国电影的票房收入从2012到2015不断上升。As is indicated in the graph, the boxoffice income of Chinese films increased_constantly_ from_2012_to_2015.2(2015北京高考书面表达)训练营将于7月20号开始。This camp will_open_on_July_20th.3因此，这种新鞋最近才问世。Therefore, this_new_kind_of_shoes_has_come_into_being recently.该句式特点为：谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当)，即动作的承受者，才能表达完整的意思。Our_school has a big gymnasium and playground with modern facilities, such as a lawn football field, plastic tracks.(2018全国卷书面表达)我们学校有一个大体育馆和操场，有现代化的设施，比如草坪足球场和塑胶跑道。Athletes from our school team have won many gold medals of table tennis contests in recent years.(2017全国卷书面表达)我们校队的运动员近年来赢得了许多乒乓球比赛的金牌。I plan to find a parttime job in a foreign capital company.(2016全国卷书面表达)我计划在一家外贸公司里找份兼职。名师指津该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词或及物动词短语。We debated over what to put into the video.(2017北京高考书面表达)我们讨论过将什么放进视频。即时演练补全句子1(2017全国卷书面表达)我们学校的乒乓球队正在招收新队员。The tabletennis team of our school is_looking_for_new_players.2最后，我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。Finally, we_should_take_part_in_sports_and_outdoor_activities frequently.3十二岁时，我得到了一辆漂亮的自行车作为生日礼物。At the age of twelve, I got_a_nice_bike_as_a_birthday_gift.该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词)，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。I am delighted to know you are invited to a dinner party by your Chinese friend.(2018全国卷书面表达)我很高兴得知你被你的中国朋友邀请参加一次宴会。Tang_poem_is what we are going to learn the next class, scheduled on July 20 in the school library.(2017全国卷书面表达)唐诗是我们下一节课将要学习的内容，定于7月20日在学校图书馆进行。This is surely a good chance for more people to see them.(2016全国卷书面表达)这确实对于更多的人来说是观看它们的好机会。即时演练补全句子1(2017天津高考书面表达)顺便说一下，我现在是一名8月底将在天津举行的第十三届全运会的志愿者。By the way, I_am_now_a_volunteer_for the 13th National Games to be held at the end of August in Tianjin.2实际上，失败并非那么可怕。As a matter of fact, failure_isnt_so_terrible.四、主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语该句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。Now, on behalf of my schoolmates, I wish you a safe return.现在，我代表全校同学，祝你安全回国。At the same time, parents are giving their children too much protection.同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。即时演练补全句子1格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们作一场报告。 Mr.Green_will_give_us_a_speech on how to learn English well.2幸运的是，她答应再给我一个面试的机会。Fortunately, she_promised_me_another_chance to interview.该句式中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。I believe you will have a rewarding experience there.(2018北京高考书面表达)我相信你将会在这里得到一段有益的经历。In order to acquire a better understanding of Tang poems，I advise you to learn some brief history of the Tang Dynasty in advance.(2017全国卷书面表达)为了更好地了解唐诗，我建议你提前学习一些唐代简史。即时演练补全句子1(2016北京高考书面表达)事实上，他鼓励我在大学主修英语。In fact, he inspires_me_to_major_in English in college.2你的贡献将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。Your contribution will certainly make_the_event_a_huge_success.3作为一名中学生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。As a high school student, I_consider_English_a_very_important_subject.综合演练提能.写出下列句子所属的类型1People have regarded getting up early as a good habit since ancient times.主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语2In other words, we are the master of our own future.主语系动词表语3Should we sacrifice our childrens future for our own interests?主语谓语(及物动词)宾语4The last (to leave the classroom) should turn off the lights.主语谓语(动词短语)宾语5This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class.主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语6Friends made my life full of excitement, imagination and romance.主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语7A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a stick in his hand.主语谓语(不及物动词)8We will have some races with other teams if possible.主语谓语(及物动词)宾语.按要求补全句子1在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。(主语系动词表语)In my opinion, a_person_without_friends_can_never_be_happy.2我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语谓语宾语，“特殊疑问词不定式”作宾语)We havent decided when_to_discuss_the_problem_again.3每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)Every morning we_hear_him_read_English aloud.4奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。(主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语)Granny told_me_a_very_interesting_story last night.5早睡早起是个好习惯。(主语系动词表语，动名词作主语)Going_to_bed_early_and_getting_up_early is a good habit.6我真的很感谢你过来帮我补习数学。(主语谓语宾语，动名词复合结构作宾语)I really appreciate_your_coming_over to help me with my math.7最近10年，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语谓语)Great_changes_have_taken_place in my hometown in the past ten years.8你会发现英语是通往如此丰富知识的桥梁。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)You will find_English_a_bridge to so much knowledge.按要求完成下列题目()用简单句翻译下列各句，并标出所属的基本句式1我是一名美国学生，名叫吉姆。I_am_an_American_student,_Jim.(主语系动词表语)2上周我和家人去了北京，参观了许多名胜。Last_week_I_went_to_Beijing_and_visited_many_places_of_interest_with_my_family.(主语谓语宾语)_3在我访问期间，我在北京大饭店(BEIJING GRAND HOTEL)住了五天。During_my_visit,_I_stayed_at_the_BEIJING_GRAND_HOTEL_for_five_days.(主语谓语)4这个旅馆给我们提供了很好的服务。The_hotel_provided_us_good_service.(主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语)5他们总使旅馆保持得很整洁。They_always_keep_the_rooms_clean_and_tidy.(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)_6外国游客住在那里很方便。It is very convenient for foreign visitors to stay there.(主语系动词表语，it作形式主语)()适当添加细节将()中的句子合并成一篇短文I_am_an_American_student_whose_name_is_Jim.Last_week_I_went_to_Beijing_and_visited_many_places_of_interest_with_my_family.During_my_visit,_I_stayed_at_the_BEIJING_GRAND_HOTEL_for_five_days.Well_furnished,_the_hotel_provided_us_good_service.And_they_always_keep_the_rooms_clean_and_tidy.Whats_more,_with_everything_labeled_in_both_English_and_Chinese,_it_is_very_convenient_for_foreign_visitors_to_stay_there.I_was_deeply_touched_by_this. 学案(二)考场作文常见的3类错误及防范措施一、考场作文常见的3类错误考场作文常见的错误主要分为三类：词汇类错误、语法类错误和汉语式英语。(一)词汇类错误考试时，我们很容易出现单词拼写错误和词形变化错误；而词性不清和词汇用法方面的错误主要还是受汉语的影响。其应对措施是在备考时要多注意容易拼错或容易出现词形变化错误的单词，真正用心去体会英语词汇的词性和运用，对一些固定习语更不能想当然地改动。1单词拼写错误误：Our English teacher is friendly but very strick with us students.正：Our English teacher is friendly but very strict with us students.2词形变化错误误：People throwed cans, paper, bags and so on into the river.正：People threw cans, paper, bags and so on into the river.3词性不清错误误：Everyone in my family is like the dog.正：Everyone in my family likes the dog.4词汇用法错误误：He opened the light after he entered the room.正：He turned on the light after he entered the room.5擅自改动习语误：We lost the game, but we didnt lose our heart.正：We lost the game, but we didnt lose heart.即时演练改正下列句子中的错误1Doing a parttime job always effects study.effectsaffects_2There is no doubt that keeping an English diary helps you a lot with writen English.writenwritten3During my summer vacation, I spent half a month in the country and played very happy.happyhappily4We must notice our pronunciation when we speak English.noticepay_attention_to5Just in the front of our house stands a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years.in_the_front_ofin_front_of_(二)语法类错误一个正确的句子除了用词得当外，语法也应该准确无误。如果语法不正确，再好的构思也难以正确地表达，语法错误的多少会直接影响作文的档次。英语写作中语法类错误主要表现在：时态、语态错误、非谓语动词使用错误、主谓一致错误、比较级使用错误、多余的词以及平行错误等。1时态错误误：In the morning, we had bicycled in the suburbs to plant trees.正：In the morning, we bicycled in the suburbs to plant trees.2语态错误误：Children who raise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.正：Children who are raised in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.3主谓一致错误误：My hobby is widespread, which include drawing, collecting stamps and so on.正：My hobby is widespread, which includes drawing, collecting stamps and so on.4比较级使用错误误：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting more and more smaller.正：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting smaller and smaller.5非谓语动词使用错误误：Comparing with other countries, the country pays little attention to pollution.正：Compared with other countries, the country pays little attention to pollution.6平行错误误：Then I put my book under my desk, opening it and started looking for the answer.正：Then I put my book under my desk, opened it and started looking for the answer.7词汇冗余误：On one day, he went to the cinema.正：One day, he went to the cinema.误：More and more people entered into the hall, so it became crowded.正：More and more people entered the hall, so it became crowded.8否定式错误误：Not hesitate to ask me if you have any questions.正：Dont hesitate to ask me if you have any questions.即时演练改正下列句子中的错误1If it wont rain tomorrow, well go camping.wontdoesnt2Not only Tom but also I are tired of one examination after another.aream3They think students should have their own time to study and it is more quieter at home._moremuch或去掉more_4There have been more and more road accidents happened in recent years.happenedhappening5If you want to learn the English well, you should practise listening and speaking it.去掉the(三)汉语式英语一般来说，英汉两种语言既有许多相似之处，又有许多不同之处。在写作时如果想当然地去写，会出现许多汉语式英语，其中主要包括：纯汉语式思维和汉语式语序、句子成分残缺、句子粘连以及搭配不当等。1纯汉语式思维和汉语式语序误：At this school studying, I really very happy.正：Studying at this school, I am really very happy.2句子成分残缺误：There are many students dont support the project.正：There are many students who dont support the project.3句子粘连误：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, bring us a lot of fun.正：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, which/and bring us a lot of fun.4主谓搭配不当误：He happened an accident yesterday.正：An accident happened to him yesterday.5动宾搭配不当误：They are trying their best to improve their production.正：They are trying their best to increase their production.6形容词和名词搭配不当误：We walked a far way before planting trees.正：We walked a long way before planting trees.7动词和副词搭配不当误：My grandfather very likes black tea and has it every day.正：My grandfather likes black tea very much and has it every day.8介词和宾语搭配不当误：Under the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English.正：With the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English.即时演练改正下列句子中的错误1We are impossible to finish the work in such a short time.We_are_impossibleIt_is_impossible_for_us2Its known that the cost in big cities is very expensive.expensivehigh3He has greatly improved his spoken English by this way.byin或waymeans4I havent heard from your letter for a long time and I miss you very much.your_letteryou5He has three sons, all of them work in Beijing.在逗号后加and或themwhom二、防范出现错误的2个措施写对句子是作文得高分的关键和保证，考场上要避免上述低级错误，可采取以下两个措施。(一)确定主语英语句子无论多长都有自己的主语(祈使句省略了主语you)。动手写句子首先要确定主语，其次要特别注意汉语与英语的区别。例如：北京八月多雨。误：Beijing rains much in August.正：It rains much in Beijing in August.写得很匆忙，我们发现书中满是错误。误：Written in a hurry, we found the book full of mistakes.正：Written in a hurry, the book was found full of mistakes (by us)(二)确定谓语动词英语中没有动词就构不成句子，但动词千变万化，稍不注意就会写错句子。在写句子时应特别注意以下几个方面：1注意及物与不及物动词的正确运用。误：The living standard of the people has raised in the past twenty years.正：The living standard of the people has risen/has been raised in the past twenty years.2注意延续性与非延续性动词的正确运用。误：He has left his hometown for twenty years.正：He has been away from his hometown for twenty years.3注意一些不可用于被动语态的动词。误：Many stars are appeared in the sky at night.正：Many stars appear in the sky at night.综合演练提能.以下句子含有考生常犯的错误，请改正1It is high time we do something to reduce traffic accidents.dodid或在do前加should2While having our dinner, the doorbell rang.having_前加we_were或the_doorbell_rangwe_heard_the_doorbell_ringing3Dr.Smith, together with his wife, are to arrive on the evening flight.areis4Be sure to meet my uncle at the airport because this is his first time visit to the US.去掉time5The car hitted the old man and drived away.hittedhit;_driveddrove6I have two friends, their names are Tom and Jim.theirwhose或their前加and7There are many students are planting trees on the hill.去掉第二个are或在student