高考必考点词法终极冲刺特级教师程中.ppt

高考必考点词法 终极冲刺 特级教师 程中一,第一部分非谓语动词 （一）动词不定式,I. 不定式的时态和语态形式表：（以write为例）,1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。 2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。 3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。,1.If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters.（ 浙江） A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered 2.In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _. （四川） A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with,【高考链接】,【易错提醒】 动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是： for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。 该逻辑主语用宾格形式， for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。例如： 有许多工作要我去完成。 There is much work for me to finish. 要他按时完成任务很困难。 It is very hard for him to finish the task on time.,It is + adj.+ of sb.+ to do sth.和 It is + adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.区别 用for sb还是of sb关键在adj.。 若adj.是表示某人品质、特性或行为方式的形容词（careful，careless， clever，courageous，foolish，good，honest， nice， polite， right，silly，wise，wrong，grateful，naughty等）就用of sb, 否则用for sb. 我们互相帮忙是必要的。 Its necessary for us to help each other. 你真好帮我一个大忙。 Its very kind of you to give me a great help.,【高考链接】 Its important for the figures _regularly. （北京） to be updated B. have been updated C. to update D. to have updated,【指点迷津】 常接不定式作宾语的动词有： want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer等。,【指点迷津】 我们可用这样一个虚构词“merdowphfla”，其汉语谐音为“磨豆腐喽” 帮助归纳记忆。每一个字母代表一个英语单词。 m-mean(打算) manage(设法) e-expect(期盼) r-refuse(拒绝) d-dare(敢) desire(渴望)determine(决心) decide(决定) demand（要求) o-offer(主动提出) w-want(想要) wish(希望) p-promise(答应) pretend(假装) plan(计划) h-hope（希望）; f-fail(失败) l-long(渴望) learn(学习) a-ask(要求) arrange(安排)。 He failed to pass the exam. 他没有考及格。,【巧学助记】 不定式作宾补何时不带to？下面口诀给予帮助。 二听、五看、一感觉， 使役动词有三个， help可带,可不带（to) ， 所以把它排在外。 【备注1】二听：hear, listen to 五看：see, watch, notice, observe, look at 一感觉：feel 三个使役动词：have, let, make 例如： She felt somebody touch her hair. I made him tell the truth. Did you hear him say that yourself? We have to help them (to) clean the room. 【备注2】这类句子变为被动语态时,动词不定式要加to。,【高考链接】 1. Simon made a bamboo box _the little sick bird till it can fly. （四川） keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep,【高考链接】 2. Passengers are permitted _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.（天津） A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried,【规律总结】 下面词语chance, wish, courage, need, promise, time, opportunity, way, the first, the second, the last, the only one 等常常接动词不定式作定语。例如： He is always the first to arrive and the last to leave. 他总是第一个到达，最后一个离开。 There is no need to ask him the question. 没有必要问他这个问题。,That is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms. （上海） A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 2. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ first is the library. （重庆） A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired,【高考连接】,第一部分非谓语动词 （二）动词-ing,【知识归纳】 动词-ing的一般式 表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词的动作之后发生。 I enjoy swimming in the big river. 我喜欢在大河里游泳。 I am used to watching TV in the evening. 我习惯于晚上看电视。 动词-ing的完成式表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。 She regretted not having studied the computer hard.她后悔没有努力学习计算机。 Do you remember having promised me that?你记得给我许愿了吗？,当动词-ing和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。 His being looked down upon made him sick.他被人冷落使他很伤感。 I cant really stand being treated like that. 我简直受不了这样的对待。,【高考链接】 _ at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.（ 北京） A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 2. It rained heavily in the south,_ serious flooding in several provinces.（天津） A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause,【名师点拨】 作定语的动词-ing要放在被修饰的名词之前，表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如果是动词词组作定语则放在被修饰的名词之后，如被修饰的词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词，动词-ing放在它们的后面。 1. The working people have played a great role in the activity. 工人在这次活动中起主要作用。 2. The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately. 被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。 3. There is nothing interesting. 没什么有趣的事。,【高考链接 】 The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.（浙江） A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing,【助学巧记】 可用这样一个虚构词“madpsfameicarfe”记忆接动词ing动词，其汉语谐音为“卖的不是发霉咖啡”帮助归纳记忆。每一个字母代表一个英语单词。 m-mind(介意) a-avoid(避免) d-delay(推迟) p-practise(练习) s-suggest（建议） s-stand（忍受） s-stop(停止) f-finish(完成) f-forgive（原谅） a-advise(建议) m-miss(错过) e-escape(逃脱) i-imagine(设想) c-cant help(禁不住) a-admit(承认) r-risk(冒险) f-fancy(认为，想象) e-enjoy(喜爱),【高考链接 】 1. I had great difficulty _ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.（上海） find B. found C. to find D. finding 2. Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. （上海） A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold,【指点迷津】 现在分词短语作状语表示时间可以在前 面加上 while 或when。 When drinking to someones health, you should raise your glass. 你为某人的健康干杯的时候，你应举起 杯子。 You do not need to worry about all the rules while having dinner with your friends. 你跟朋友一起吃饭的时候不必担心一切规矩。,【易错提醒】 沿着街道行走的时候，一块石头打在了我的头上。 误：Walking along the street，a stone hit me on the head. 正：While I was walking along the street，a stone hit me on the head. 【简析】分词的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致，而a stone不是walking的主语，故应将句型改动。,由于我是孤儿，朋友们待我很好。 误：Being an orphan，my friends treated me kindly. 正：Being an orphan，I was treated kindly by my friends. 正：As I was an orphan，my friends treated me kindly. 【简析】分词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语一致，不一致应调整句子主语，或将分词短语改为状语从句。,【高考连接】 1、More highways have been built in china，_ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.（ 陕西） A. making B. make C. to make D. having made,【知识归纳】 1、begin, start 本身是进行式。后面的动词是see, understand, realize 等后面跟动词不定式。 表示习惯的，一般性的多接动名词，表示某一特定的或具体的行动，接动词不定式。 He is beginning to give class. 他就要上课了。 He began to realize he was wrong. 他开始意识到他错了。 He likes to sing the song “The Red Star”. 他喜欢唱“红星之歌”。 He likes singing.他喜欢唱歌。,2、advise, allow, forbid, permit, consider 接动名词作宾语，但它们后面如果有了人称代词作宾语，就接动词不定式作宾语补足语。 We dont allow smoking here.我们不允许在这抽烟。 We dont allow students to smoke here. 我们不允许学生在这里抽烟。,3、remember, forget, regret, try, mean, stop, go on, cant help接动名词和动词不定式都可以， 它们的具体含义不一样。 （1）remember doing sth. 记得做过某事； （2） remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 I remember seeing him once somewhere. 我记得在某地见过他一次。 I remember to meet him at the station. 我记住要到车站去接他。,【高考链接】 I still remember _ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. （陕西） to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken,4need, want, require 作“需要”解，接动名词的主动式和动词不定式被动式意思相同。 The desks need repairing. = The desks need to be repaired. 这些课桌需要修理。 The trees want watering. = The trees want to be watered. 这些树需要浇水了。 The patients require examining. = The patients require to be examined. 这些病人需要检查了。,第一部分非谓语动词 （三）动词-ed,【易错提醒】 及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，表示动作完成。 The inspired audience stood up and gave him a long and warm applause. 受到鼓舞的听众站起来，对他抱以长时间的热烈的鼓掌。 The excited expression on his face suggested that there was good news. 他脸上兴奋的表情表明有好消息。 There are fallen leaves everywhere. 到处都是落下的树叶。,【高考链接】,1. Qinghua University,_ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.（福建） A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 2. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. （福建） A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck,【高考链接】 3. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. （ 四川） A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat 4. The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.（全国II ） A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined,【指点迷津】 表示心理状态的动词 excite, interest, surprise, worry, disappoint, encourage, frighten, please, puzzle等的过去分词作表语时，主语通常为人；其现在分词作表语时，主语通常是物。 We felt excited at the news. They were too frightened to speak. I am surprised at what he said. The news is exciting. The work is very interesting.,【高考链接】 1. Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues _ with her story.（上海) A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused,2. Though _ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. （ 全国 II） A. surprising B. was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised 3. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health. （浙江） being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out,【知识归纳】 1、宾语补足语用来补充说明句子的宾语。过去分词作宾语补足语时具有以下特点： 1）过去分词(done)常表示动作的完成、状态或动作的全过程。 We found the young worker beaten black and blue all over. 我们发现那位年轻工人浑身被打得青一块紫一块。,2）宾语与过去分词在逻辑上常存在着被动关系。 He found his house broken into and a lot of things stolen. 他发现他家被人闯入很多东西被偷。 3）不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时没有被动意味，只表示动作的完成和状态。 When I came back, I found leaves fallen. 我到家的时候发现树叶已经落了。,【高考链接】 1、_ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees . （陕西） A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see,【独立主格结构】 如果分词短语作状语，当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，在分词前加上逻辑主语，使其构成独立主格结构。 注：关于独立主格结构： 现在分词（短语） （1）构成：名词代词(主格) + 过去分词（短语） 不定式（短语） （2）功用：相当于一个状语从句，多用来表示行为方式或伴随状况，有时也表示时间、原因和条件等。 （3）特点：此结构中没有谓语动词，而前面的名词或代词在意思上是后面部分的主语（逻辑主语），后面部分在意思上是前面的名词或代词的谓语（逻辑谓语）。,（4）应用：这类结构多用于书面语中，如： The commander rode on， blood flowing from his right side.指挥官骑马继续跑着，鲜血从右肋流了下来。 （名词+现在分词，表示伴随情况） He left the room，the candle burning on the table. 他离开房间时，蜡烛还在桌子上燃着。,【名师点拨】 独立主格结构也可用“with 宾语 宾语补足语”这一复合结构来表示。 Miss Gao walked out of the office, with the work finished. 高老师完成了工作走出办公室。 在这种结构中，with已经失去原有的词义，宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系（或主表关系）。这种结构主要用作状语和定语。, with宾语现在分词（短语） He left the room with the candle burning on the table. 他离开房间时，蜡烛还在桌子上燃着。 with宾语过去分词（短语） With the weather changed, we decided to put off the sports meeting. 由于天气变化，我们决定延期举行运动会。 with宾语不定式（短语） With such good leaders to carry out the partys policy we feel safe.有这样好的领导执行党的政策，我们感到放心。,第二部分 情态动词表示推测,【高考链接】 1. -Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. -Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters.（北京） A. might B. must C. would D. can 2. Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. （ 四川 ） A. must B. may C. shall D. should,3.I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.（ 江苏） A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen,第三部分 宾语从句用虚拟语气,宾语从句用虚拟语气“（ should ）+ 动词原形”的及物动词。 “一坚持”， “二命令”， “三建议”， “四要求”。,一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求。 其宾语从句用“should + 动词原形”， should既可以省略， should也可以保留。 一坚持，即 insist； 二命令，即 order, command； 三建议，即 suggest, propose, advise； 四要求，即 ask, demand, require, request。,第四部分 虚拟if条件从句的用法,【高考链接】 1.Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help（北京） A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying 2. I _through that bitter period without your generous help.（陕西) A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone,【高考链接】 3