高级英语Unit2Hiroshima.ppt

,Jacques Danvoir,Advanced English Book I Unit 2 Hiroshima-the “Liveliest” City in Japan,Teaching Objectives,1. know the background of Hiroshima 5. conduct a series of discussing, analyzing, presenting activities related to the theme of this essay.,Hiroshima-the “Liveliest” City in Japan,CONTENTS,B,E,Lead-in,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,Exercise & Homework,Post Reading,Lead-in,I. Questions for Discussion,What do you know about Japan?,1. geography?,National Name: Nippon Geography:Four main islands: Honshu (本州),Hokkaido (北海道), Kyushu (九州), and Shikoku (四国) Area: 371,857 sq.km. Population: 126,804,433 (2010). Capital: Tokyo,Lead in,Lead-in,2. history?,After a brief war with China in 18941895, Japan acquired Formosa (Taiwan), the Pescadores Islands(澎湖列岛), and part of southern Manchuria（满洲的）. In 19041905, Japan defeated Russia, gaining the territory of southern Sakhalin (Karafuto库页岛) and Russias port and rail rights in Manchuria. In World War I, Japan seized Germanys Pacific islands and leased areas in China. 1931, it invaded Manchuria, and lasted till 1945. On Dec. 7, 1941, it launched Pearl Harbor attack. The dropping of atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 by the United States finally brought the government to admit defeat. Japan surrendered formally on Sept. 2, 1945,Lead-in,3. culture?,The kimono is the traditional dress of Japan, and it is worn nowadays on formal occasions.,Kimonothe traditional costume of Japanese women,“Porcelain-faced”,Sakura ( cherry) is the national flower of Japan, and there are over four hundred varieties of cherry trees in Japan. The first day of blooming in Tokyo is about 20 March, and the full bloom will be one week after from the day of first bloom.,Lead-in,Sumo,Sumo is a Japanese style of wrestling and Japans national sport.,Sado（茶道）, the ceremony celebrating the Way of Tea, has been much favored by Japanese high society as an artistic ceremony.,Sado,Buddhism (佛教) In Japan, a Buddhist monk is allowed to marry. After a reform, Buddhist monk live a life as common people.,Belief,In Japan, oysters are called the “Milk of the sea“ because of their high nutritional value and rich taste.,Seafood is one of the favorite food in Japan.,oyster,a type of shellfish that can be eaten cooked or uncooked, and that produces a jewel called a pearl,Sushi寿司是在饭里放醋做主材料的日本料理寿司色彩非常鲜明。制作时，把新鲜的海胆黄、鲍鱼、牡丹虾、扇贝、鲑鱼籽、鳕鱼鱼白、金枪鱼、三文鱼等海鲜切成片放在雪白香糯的饭团上，一揉一捏之后再抹上鲜绿的芥末酱，最后放到古色古香的瓷盘中. 吃寿司，讲究的是一口闷，唯其如此，饭香与生鱼片的香味才能完全相融，将齿颊间填得满满，不留一丝缝隙,Paper Crane-what do you think paper cranes possibly mean in the Japanese culture?,barge: n. a large low boat with a flat bottom, used for carrying goods on a canal or river驳船（河流 运河等中载运客货的大型平底船）.,barge,n. Straw matting used as a floor covering especially in a Japanese house.,tatami,General Information about the First Atomic Bomb,At 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945, the first U-235 gun-type bomb named “Little Boy”, carried by an American bomber named the Enola Gay, was exploded over a point near the center of Hiroshima, destroying almost everything within a radius（辐射范围）of 6,000 to 8,000 feet (1,8302,450m). Over 71,000 people were killed instantly. Many more later died of injuries and the effects of radiation. Survivors are still dying of leukemia (白血病), pernicious anemia（恶性贫血症）, and other diseases induced by radiation. Almost 98% of the buildings were destroyed or severely damaged.,Atomic bomb-enola gay,Atomic Bomb Cloud over Hiroshima and Nagasaki,Can you describe the difference?,Hiroshima before the bombing,Hiroshima After the Bombing,Answer this question about the title: the people of Hiroshima suffered enormously both physically and psychologically. Why do you think the author quoted “ liveliest” in the title?,Why would U.S.A drop an atomic bomb? 1) (During World War Two) The U. S. wanted to limit its own casualties by forcing Japan to surrender as quickly as possible. 2) At the Yalta Conference in Feb. 1945, the Soviet Union secretly agreed to join the war against Japan within three months of Germanys surrender. The U.S. wanted to force Japan to surrender before the Soviet Union could enter the war to secure a stronger political position after the war. 3) The U.S. wanted to apply the weapon in war to measure its effectiveness. 4) Japans stealthy surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941 led to the action of revenge of dropping the A-bomb in Hiroshima,After the World War Two,The Japanese dedicated post-war Hiroshima to peace. A destroyed area named “Peace City“ has been set aside as a memorial. A peace Park was build. A special hospital built here treats people suffering from exposure to radiation and conducts research into its effects.,Peace Memorial Park,Childrens Peace Monument,Hiroshima Memorial Cenotaph,Inscribed on the Memorial Cenotaph in Japanese is: “Let all the souls here rest in peace, for we shall not repeat the evil.”,TODAY,Hiroshima Castle,Hiroshima Castle is the Big Fish of Japanese Castles. It is, as far as I know, the only castle that has ever been destroyed by an atomic bomb. Actually used for military purposes during WWII, it suffered the same fate as the rest of city due to the Hiroshima bomb. As with most reconstructed Japanese castles, the interior of this ferro-concrete version is a museum, albeit a very interesting one.,Castle with Sakura,DOWNTOWN,Hondori St. is a cool stretch of restaurants and shops about 500 meters (550 yards) long. Naturally there are a wide variety of restaurants downtown, but while there, make sure you try some local Okonomiyaki, the citys specialty cuisine.,Cuisine,Hiroshima is known for okonomiyaki,cooked on a hot plate(usually right in front you).It is cooked with various ingredients which are layered rather than mix together as done with the Osaka version of okonomiyaki.,Okonomiyaki!,Cuisine,Okonomiyaki!,御好烧-日式烧饼,御好烧是来自广岛的一种好吃的薄饼（也可称为“日本比萨”），它是由面糊、蔬菜、海藻、肉、类似伍斯特沙司的甜酱和日本蛋黄酱做成,日文：好焼 ,SKYLINE OF HIROSHIMA,SKYLINE OF HIROSHIMA,SKYLINE OF HIROSHIMA,SKYLINE OF HIROSHIMA,Hiroshima today,A city of peace Folded paper cranes representing prayers for peace,the center of industry for the Chgoku-Shikoku region “中国地方”一词，指的是日本本州岛西部的一个地区，而并非指现在作为国家存在的中国。四国岛(日本第四大岛) Automobiles are a major local industry, with Mazdas corporate headquarters nearby .马自达汽车公司总部,A modern metropolis,A friendly and welcoming city,Main idea: At the hospital.,Structure,Mainidea: The arrival,Part II: Para. 8-27,Part III: Para. 28-39,Part I: Para. 1-7,Main idea: Meeting the mayor,Global Reading,Text Study,Para 1-2 1. Hiroshima-the “Liveliest” City in Japan: 1) What are the functions of quotation marks? 2) Why is the word “liveliest” is put in quotation marks? To show that this is what the city is said to be and the writer perhaps considers it ironic to use the word “ liveliest” to describe a city that had been atomized.,2. “Hiroshima! Everybody off!” 1) off: down from 2) Everybody should now get off the train. These words were chanted by the stationmaster to inform the passengers that the train had arrived at its terminal destination and all passengers were to detrain.,3. That must be slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station: Must: strong probability slipped to a stop: came to a stop smoothly and effortlessly, in a gliding manner Cf: slide, slip, glide Slide implies accelerated motion without loosing contact with the slippery surface. Slip often suggests involuntary rather than voluntary, sometimes even definitely implying a loss of footing and a fall. Glide, rather close to slide, means to move smoothly, quietly and continuously as is characteristic of dances. e. g. Plane glided down to the airfield.,4. And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mindmight say: 1) a lump in ones throat: a feeling of pressure in ones throat, caused by repressed emotion 2) on ones mind: occupying ones thoughts, esp. as a source of worry 3) to have to do with: to be a concern of: to be about; to be connected with,Paraphrase: I was choked with emotion; I was so overcome with emotion that I could not speak or think clearly because I was troubled about some sad events; I was occupied with some sad thoughts, which had no connection with what the stationmaster might say.,5. The very act of stepping on this soil any reportorial assignment Id previously taken: adventure: an unusual journey or an exciting or remarkable experience reportorial assignment: reporting work for a newspaper paraphrase:The fact that I was now in Hiroshima was in itself a much more exciting experience for me than any trip I had taken or any reporting work I had in the past.,6. Was I not at the scene of the crime? scene: place of an actual event the crime: the dropping of the A-bomb on Hiroshima Rhetorical questions are usually asked only for effect, as to emphasize a point, no answer being expected. I was now at the place where the first A-bomb was dropped.,Information provided in the first paragraph: The author was here on a reportorial mission. Hiroshima was not the authors first assignment. He was preoccupied with some sad thoughtsthe crime of the A-bomb. He was tortured by a guilty conscience. He didnt understand Japanese.,7. The Japanese crowd that I had: did not appear to have: did not seem to have; judging by appearances, the author could not have been absolutely sure that the Japanese crowd did not have the same preoccupations,Cf. seem, look, appear Seem suggests a personal opinion based on evidence that satisfies the judgment. It is used to indicate that things are actually not so. Look implies that the opinion is based on a visual impression. Appear may convey the same implication as look, but it sometimes suggests a distorted impression produced by an optical illusion, a restricted point of view etc.,8. Little girls in western dress: Antithesis Antithesis: the setting of contrasting phrases opposite each other for emphasis. In true antithesis the opposition between the elements is manifested through parallel grammatical structure. e.g. Good breeding consists in concealing how much we think of ourselves and how little we think of the other person. A friend exaggerates a mans virtues, an enemy his crimes.,良好的教养在于隐藏我们对自己较佳的评价,以及隐藏我们对他人较差的评价。,朋友宣扬人的美德,敌人夸大人的罪过。,1) This sentence gives the impression that in Japan traditional style and western style exist side by side. 2) rub shoulders with: (inf.) meet and meet with (people)接近(或接触)(某人)；与(某人)来往密切 e.g. The foreign visitors said that they would like to ordinary Chinese people.,9. Serious looking man 1) be oblivious of: be unaware of 2) ritual: all the rites or forms connected with a ceremony; particular form of any procedure regularly followed; here used as an adj. meaning “done as a rite” n. 仪式；惯例；礼制 adj. 仪式的；例行的；礼节性的 3) formula of gratitude and respect: form of words used regularly such as “How do you do?” “Excuse me.”,Paraphrse: They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the crowd about them.,Questions: Can you guess the writers occupation? What do you think was the aim of the visit? How did the writer feel when he arrived in Hiroshima? Why? How were the Japanese people in the writers eye? Why did he have this impression?,Para 3-7 1. whose door popped open : Onomatopoeia 2. City Hall: a building which houses the offices of a municipal government 3. He grinned at me grin: smile broadly as to show teeth, originally expressing amusement, foolish satisfaction or contempt etc., but in current English, tending to imply naive cheerfulness,rear-view mirror: driving-mirror inside a motor-vehicle for seeing out of the rear window 4. the tall building of the wheel : martyred city: the city that has been made to suffer flash by: pass swiftly lurch: roll or sway suddenly forward or to one side sharp twist: abrupt change of direction in response to: in answer to,Paraphrase: the high buildings passed swiftly and when the driver made abrupt changes of direction, we sometimes swung to one side, sometimes to the other side in response to the swaying motion of the car.,5. the taxi screeched to a halt: Onomatopoeia the taxi stopped with a harsh piercing sound as when the brakes were suddenly applied screech. 6. At last this intermezzo : metaphor 间奏曲；插曲；幕间剧；芭蕾舞表演 intermezzo: a short, light dramatic, musical or ballet entertainment between the acts of a play or opera; here the word is used figuratively to refer to anything that fills time between two eventsthe cab ride that took place between his arrival at Hiroshima and his planned meeting with the mayor,I found myself: This pattern gives the idea of “suddenness”, “unexpectedness”. I suddenly discovered that I was in front of the gigantic City Hall. 7. The usher bowed deeply in response to my request for an interview: usher: an official doorkeeper heave a sigh: utter a sigh; 发出（叹息等） The doorkeeper uttered a sigh perhaps because many people had gone there wrongly before the author and he had to explain once again.,Text Study,8. the rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan between the kimono and the miniskirt: Synecdoche & Metonymy Synecdoche: commonly, the naming of a part to mean the whole, as in “hands” for “men who do manual labor”, “ a fleet of 50 sails” for “a fleet of 50 ships”. But various other such substitutions are also included in the term. synecdoche（提喻，或举隅），即以局部替代整体（或相反）的修辞手法。另外，材料替代制成品，亦属synecdoche。,Text Study,e.g. They say theres bread and work for all, And the sun shines always there;(Helen S. Blackwood) 分析bread 代表 food。 The doctor cut me open and took out the appendix. 分析me 代表 abdomen（腹部）。,The Magazine of poetry and literary review,Text Study,Better be jocund with the fruitful grape Than sadden after none, or bitter, fruit. (E. Fitzgerald) 分析grape代表wine。(the naming of the material for the thing made) Have you any coppers? (the naming of the material for the thing made) He is a poor creature. (the naming of the genus for the species) He is the Newton of this century. (the naming of an individual for a class),Metonymy: a figure of speech consisting of the use of the name of one thing for that of another of which it is an attribute or with which it is associated (as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power); For example, when Shakespeare had Antony say in Julius Caesar: “Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ears” he was speaking figuratively of the thing the ears containedthat is, their function, their ability to listen, not some literal component.,Rhetorical question（修辞问句）,A rhetorical question is a question which requires not answer, because it expresses a truth which cannot be denied. It is used for emphasis. Such a question may appear at the beginning, middle, or end of a composition.,The following points should be kept in mind:,1) A rhetorical question focuses and intensifies the readers interest. 2) A rhetorical question should be used only to give force to the writers main ideas. 3) The rhetorical question-like any stylistic device-should be used sparingly for best effect.,For example, 1) If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? (Shelly) 2) By the same token, Do you doubt that you will be paid? 3）Is that the way to treat your wife？ 4）Could I say anything else at that time？,Metonymy: a figure of speech consisting of the use of the name of one thing for that of another of which it is an attribute or with which it is associated (as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power); For example, when Shakespeare had Antony say in Julius Caesar: “Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ears” he was speaking figuratively of the thing the ears containedthat is, their function, their ability to listen, not some literal component.,Text Study,The pen is mightier than the sword. (Pen and sword represent publishing and military force, respectively.) The following examples illustrate the controller-for-controlled metonymy: Nixon bombed Hanoi. (Nixon stands for the armed forces that Nixon controlled.),言语胜于刀剑，笔尖胜过干戈,1) the rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan: the rather striking picture of traditional Japan 2) struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt: “Kimono” and “miniskirt” here are used symbolically to represent the “old” and the “new” or the East and the West. The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition, (traditional culture) and new development (Western style).,Questions: What is intermezzo? What does the writer mean by intermezzo? What do you know about cab drivers in Hiroshima? What impression did the city give him about Japan on his way to the destination?,Para.8-27 1. a stunning, porcelain-faced woman my shoes:,2. treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting: I was not accustomed to walking in my socks so I walked carefully, fearing that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen. Experiencing a twinge of embarrassment in my socks: Suffering from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks,3. the strange emotion returned: I was again overcome by a guilty conscience as I had been when I first arrived at the station. 4. lingered on to die in slow agony: died slowly and in great pain linger: be slow in dying agony: great pain or suffering 5. inhibited: feeling restrained, having to suppress ones emotion,6. After three days extraordinarily flexible: After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual to show gratitude. Notice the humourous effect achieved through the use of the formal, learned, scientific terms,7. a town known throughout the world for its-oysters: Anti-climax 1) This is called anti-climax, a common literary device to achieve humour, surprise, satire etc. 2)The mayor said this because