2018_2019学年高中英语Module1DeepSouthSectionⅠ（Introduction.docx

Module 1 Deep SouthShould tourists go to Antarctica?Well, Antarctica sounds like the holiday of a lifetime! Its considered the last great wilderness on Earth. Just a few scientists in research stations share the icy landscape with penguins and other animals which can cope with the low temperatures.Tourism began in Antarctica in the 1950s and its still small scale. About 37,000 tourists are expected there this season, but many wont even leave the boat.The BBCs Juliet Rix visited the frozen continent and asked herself if she should be there at all, causing potential problems to such a sensitive environment. Her tour guide admitted that all visitors leave a footprint and they all go to the same place, the accessible coastline, which is also where the penguins and seals go to breed.But some people believe that if carefully controlled, tourism can be good for Antarctica. It has no native population and it needs advocates. Visitors to the icy continent might be ready to support and even to collect money for its protection. And theyre likely to engage in the discussion about global warming, which has led to the melting of glaciers.According to Rix, guide rules are followed when youre about to set foot on Antarctica and tourists have to disinfect their boots to make sure no alien species are introduced.And once on land, theres no eating or smoking. Rocks, bone fragments nothing should be taken as a souvenir and nothing should be left behind.,阅读障碍词wilderness n荒无人烟的地方sensitive adj.敏感的breed v繁殖advocate n提倡者，拥护者glacier n冰川disinfect v给消毒alien adj.相异的，不相容的.Match the word with its meaning.1explorerA促进，增进2annual B探险者3state C降水量；降雨量4extreme D试验5trap E深度6mass F商业的7balance G(国家或政府间的)条约，公约8test H(不断的)竞争9promote I(对某地区的)勘查10exploration J每年的11rainfall K使平衡12rivalry L极端的，极度的13treaty M块，堆，团14commercial N状态；状况15depth O储存，留存答案：15BJNLO610MKDAI1115CHGFE.Write down the meaning of phrases in each sentence.1The letters stand out well against the dark background.突出，显眼2No one has ever set foot on that rocky island; its impossible to land there.进入，到达3The whole meal was good and the wine in particular was excellent.特别4When you go to a new country, you must adapt to new manners and customs._适应 5We put our books in the bookcase to keep them free from dust.使免受6Help in the form of money will be very welcome.以的形式Look at the pictures and tell your classmates what you can see.Lots of penguins are walking freely.A mountain is covered by heavy snow and thick ice.This is the fifth largest continent in the world, Antarctica.FastreadingSkim the text and match each paragraph with its main idea.Para.1AThe Antarctica mainland.Para.2 BThe Antarctic Treaty.Para.3 CPlants and animals living on Antarctica.Para.4 DThe discovery of Antarctica.Para.5 EA great place for scientific study.答案：ACEDB.CarefulreadingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.1Why does the writer say the Antarctica is a desert?ABecause there is no plant here.BBecause the annual rainfall here is close to zero.CBecause it is the coldest place on Earth.DBecause it has strong wind.2Which continent was discovered latest?AAmerica.BAfrica.CAntarctica. DArctic.3What do we know about the land of Antarctica?A90% of its fresh water is in a frozen state.BThere are many active volcanoes in Antarctica.CThe winds are very strong.DNo other plants except the mosses can survive there.4Whats the importance of the gases and minerals trapped in the ice in Antarctica?AThey can tell us a lot about the wildlife in Antarctica.BThey can give us some information about the world climate in the past.CThey may contain evidence of extraterrestrial life.DThey help us better understand the history of Antarctica.5Who is the first man to reach the pole of the Antarctica mainland?AJames Cook. BCarstens Borchgrevink.CA Greek geographer. DRoald Amundsen. 答案：15BCCBD.StudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth), as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there.句式分析But the_long_Antarctic_winter_night，主句主语which_lasts_for_182_days (the longest . earth)，非限制性定语从句修饰 winter nightas_well_as_the_extreme_cold_and_lack_of_rainfall,_means主句主语的修饰成分主句谓语 that_few_types_of_plants_can_survive_there.that 引导的宾语从句尝试翻译但是南极洲冬天的夜晚长达182天(地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期)，气候极度寒冷，降水量极少，这意味着很少有植物能在这里生存。2Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the worlds climate was like in past ages.句式分析本句为复合句，in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice为介词短语作定语，修饰主语gases and minerals，其中trapped in the ice为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰volcanic dust, what the worlds climate was like in past ages作介词about的宾语。尝试翻译以火山灰形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。对应学生课下能力提升(一)阅读理解AIn summer, people around the world seek rest and relaxation on a beach. To meet the need, Trip Advisor publishes a list of the worlds best beaches.Baia do Sancho, BrazilIts water is calm and clear. Its sand is fine and soft. But getting to Baia do Sancho is not so easy. It is on Fernando de Noronha, a volcanic island more than 300 kilometers off Brazils coast. Travelers must take a plane or boat from major cities in northern Brazil to get there. Getting there involves walking along steep, rocky cliffs and then climbing down a ladder.Grace Bay, Turks and CaicosWhile Baia do Sancho is difficult to get to, Trip Advisors secondranked beach could not be much easier for tourists to reach. Travelers to the islands often choose to stay at oceanfront hotels right next to Grace Bay. This beach has impossibly clean and clear waters and pure white sand. Its calm waters make it extremely safe for swimming.Eagle Beach, ArubaTo get to the thirdbest beach, head south to the Dutch Caribbean island of Aruba. Eagle Beach has clear, calm waters and soft white sand. It offers visitors a chance to try different water sports. Eagle Beach may be best known, however, for its dramatic sunsets. On clear nights, the sky turns red, orange, and purple.Playa Paraiso, CubaTrip Advisors fourthbest beach is also in the Caribbean. Playa Paraiso is on Cayo Largo, an island off Cubas southern coast. Paraiso has a fun, laidback restaurant for those who wish to eat and drink. There is little else on the beach. People come here for the sugarlike sand and calm waters filled with colorful wildlife.Siesta Key, United StatesFloridas Siesta Key is a lowlying island. The scientist known as Dr. Beach recently named Siesta Key the best beach in America. It offers calm and clean waters. Visitors of all ages go to Siesta Key when the tide is low to find beautiful, large and, sometimes, rare seashells.1What do Baia do Sancho and Grace Bay have in common?AThey have oceanfront hotels.BThey are volcanic islands.CThey are hard to reach.DThey are in Brazil.解析：选C细节理解题。根据Baia do Sancho, Brazil部分中的“Getting there involves walking along steep, rocky cliffs and then climbing down a ladder”及Grace Bay, Turks and Caicos部分的“While Baia do Sancho is difficult to get to, Trip Advisors secondranked beach could not be much easier for tourists to reach”可知选C项。2Which is most suitable for sunset watchers?APlaya Paraiso.BEagle Beach.CGrace Bay. DSiesta Key.解析：选B细节理解题。根据“Eagle Beach, Aruba部分中的“Eagle Beach may be best known, however, for its dramatic sunsets”可知选B项。3What can we learn from the text?ADr. Beach named Baia do Sancho the best beach in the world.BVisitors can enjoy different sports on Paraisos beach.CVisitors can find rare seashells at Siesta Key.DCayo Largo is an island of Aruba.解析：选C细节理解题。根据Siesta Key, United States部分中的最后一句可知选C项。BThe Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds the North Pole.Like Antarctica, the Arctic is a land of ice and snow. Antarctica holds the record for a low temperature reading 125 degrees Fahrenheit below zero. Reading of 85 degrees below zero is common in Antarctica. Winter temperatures average 30 degrees below zero in the Arctic. At the South Pole the winter average is about 73 degrees below zero.One thing alone makes it almost impossible for men to live in Antarctica and in parts of the Arctic. This one thing is the low temperature the killing chill of far North and the polar South.To survive, men must wear the warmest possible clothing. They must build windproof shelters. They must keep heaters going at all times. Not even for a moment can they be unprotected against the belowzero temperatures.Men have a way of providing for themselves. Polar explorers wrap themselves in warm coats and furs. The cold makes life difficult. But the explorers can stay alive.What about animals？Can they survive？Do we find plants？Do we find life in the Arctic and in Antarctica? Yes, we do. There is life in the oceans. There is life on land.Antarctica, as we have seen, is a cold place indeed. But this has not always been the case. Expedition (探险) scientists have discovered that Antarctica has not always been a frozen continent. At one time the weather in Antarctica may have been much like our own.Explorers have discovered coal in Antarctica. This leads them to believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swamps and forests. Heat and moisture must have kept the trees in the forests alive.语篇解读：文章首先介绍了南极和北极的气温，然后介绍了人类与动物在极地的情况以及科学家对南极过去环境情况的猜想。4The lowest temperature that man has ever known was recorded _.Ain Antarctica Bin the ArcticCat the North Pole Din the polar region解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知，史上最低气温是在南极地区测得的。5Polar explorers can stay alive there because they _.Astay inside the building thereBhave their own way to keep warmCare stronger than other peopleDhave no heaters and windproof shelters解析：选B细节理解题。由第五段第二句“Polar explorers wrap themselves in warm coats and furs.”可知，极地考察队员有自己的保暖方法。6Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AMan can survive in polar areas as long as they can keep warm.BDespite the cold, both animals and plants can be found in polar areas.CAntarctica has not always been so cold as it is today, nor has the Arctic.DAt one time, the weather in Antarctica was so warm and damp that trees grew there.解析：选C推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，文中只提到南极曾经并不是一个寒冷的大陆，但并没有提到北极，故C项符合题意。7Whats the main idea of the passage?AThe Arctic is colder than Antarctica.BThe history of the Arctic and Antarctica.CThe discovery in the Arctic and Antarctica.DThe environmental features in polar regions.解析：选D主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了南极和北极的气温，然后介绍了人类与动物在极地的情况以及科学家对南极过去环境情况的猜想。所以D项正确。CBiologist Robert Pitman and his colleagues tracked orcas, or killer whales, and humpback whales off the coast of Western Australia. To research further, the scientists attached a tracker to a female orca, which allowed them to use satellites to monitor her movements. They followed her for six days. During that time, the orca attacked eight young humpback whales. During the seven attacks, the orca killed the humpback whale calf (幼兽) on three occasions.But the story doesnt end there. Humpback whales themselves are popularly thought to be large but generally, passive creatures. Pitmans study findings may let people think otherwise.When chased by orcas, humpback whales are known to try to outswim orcas. They are thought to do this at high speed so that the orcas cant keep up. On some occasions, the humpback whales sought out protection. They swam to shallow water, nearby reefs, or even under the researchers boats. These ways often reduced the attack. But at other times, the humpback whales decided to stay and fight.As the orcas approached, the mother humpback would sometimes move her calf to her side, or lift it out of the water using her head or flippers. She also blew huge breaths of air to disturb the orcas, and lunged or charged at them, slashing (劈) and slapping her tail and flippers. Perhaps most surprisingly, humpback whales also have adult “escorts (护卫队)” that try to protect calves that are not their own, joining the mother in defending the smaller whale. These escort whales either charged at the orcas, or placed themselves between the attackers and calves, slashing their tails and flippers.Despite the efforts of the mother whales and escorts, the orcas were more often than not successful in their attacks. But the presence of the escorts did reduce how many times a whale calf was killed.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要讲的是科学家使用科学仪器来观察杀人鲸是如何追杀驼背鲸及后者是如何反击和保护幼小的驼背鲸的。8Whats the purpose of the scientists further research?ATo keep a record of whales living habits.BTo observe orcas hunting humpback whales.CTo see what lifeordeath battles whales may face.DTo find out the techniques orcas use when hunting.解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“To research further .the orca attacked eight young humpback whales”可知，科学家进行进一步研究的目的是观察杀人鲸追杀驼背鲸的活动。故选B。9Why did the humpback whales swim to shallow water?ATo avoid being attacked.BTo hunt for food.CTo protect their young.DTo trick the chasers.解析：选A细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“On some occasions, the humpback whales sought out protection. They swam to shallow water, nearby reefs, or even under the researchers boats”可知，驼背鲸游至浅水区是出于自身的安全考虑，为了避免被攻击。故选A。10What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?AWhy humpback whales fall victim to orcas.BHow humpback whales protect their calves.CThe great mother love of humpback whales.DSmaller humpback whales ways of surviving.解析：选B段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知，本段主要讲的是在面对杀人鲸的攻击时，驼背鲸是如何进行反击来保护自己的幼崽的。故B项最能概括本段的大意。11What does Pitmans study find?AOrcas are successful in their attacks.BIts not easy for orcas to obtain food.CHumpback whales swim faster than orcas.DHumpback whales could be active animals.解析：选D推理判断题。第二段提到“Humpback whales themselves are popularly thought to be large but generally, passive creatures. Pitmans study findings may let people think otherwise”，驼背鲸一般被认为是大型的但是通常被动的生物，Pitman的研究发现可能会让人不这么认为。下文接着讲了面对杀人鲸的攻击时，驼背鲸所采取的一些应对方式，其中包含积极迎击。故选D。Antarctica: the Last ContinentAntarctica is the coldest place on Earth. Its also the driest. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometres around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the TransAntarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the worlds ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course. 98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is two kilometres thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometres. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth), as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there. Only two types of flowering plants are found, while there are no trees on the large continent. The rest of the plants are made up of mosses, algae and lichen. Some forms of algae have adapted to grow on ice.Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years. As a result, it has become a window on the past, and can give researchers lots of useful information. Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the worlds climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rocks are also very important for research. Most of them are meteorites from outer space. One rock, known as the “Alien” rock, may contain evidence of extraterrestrial life. Since most Antarctic rocks are dark in colour, they stand out against the white background and are easy to identify and collect.Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered.But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north. They called it AntiArktikos, or Antarctica: the opposite of Arctic. When Europeans discovered the continent of America in the 15th century, the great age of exploration began. However, progress to the South Pole was slow. Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. The race to the pole had begun. It was finally reached on 11th December, 1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen.Today scientists from many countries travel to Antarctica to study its resources. A spirit of internation