2018_2019学年高中英语Module4WhichEnglishSectionⅣLanguagePointsⅡ.docx

Section Language Points （Cultural Corner & Other Parts）.Write down T (for true) or F (for false) according to the passage on Page 53.1English has many colourful and splendid expressions which may be easy to understand._2Idioms convey a concept which is different from the literal meaning._3To talk turkey means to get down to business._4Age before beauty is not meant to offend the other person._答案：14FTTT.Choose the main idea of paragraph(s) according to the passage on Page 55.Part 1 (Para. 1) AThe reason for the interest in Chinese.Part 2 (Paras. 23) BAn international exam system for learners of Chinese.Part 3 (Paras. 45) CThe demand for Chinese as a foreign language is growing fast.答案：CAB.单词拼写1He was selected (选择) to play for Australia at the age of only 18.2This poem conveys (传达) the happiness of the poet.3After a fierce battle, the enemy was forced to withdraw (撤退)4They had to overcome (克服) all the difficulties on their way.5In a library, books and magazines are usually classified (将分类) by subject.6There have been many conflicts (冲突) though the world is in peace generally.7Seek information about the new skill you want to acquire (获得). 8To our disappointment, some government leaders abuse (滥用) their position to get illegal profit for themselves. 9Lucy is a girl of great musical potential (潜力), and Im sure she will become a wellknown musician sooner or later. 10The house isnt big enough for us, and furthermore (而且), its too far from the town. .拓展词汇1complain v抱怨，不满complaint n抱怨2investigate v调查investigation n调查3convinced adj.确信的，信服的convince v使确信，说服convincing adj.令人信服的4association n联系associate v联系；联合5tendency n趋向；倾向tend v倾向，易于6significance n意义；含义significant adj.有意义的7offence n得罪；使伤感情offend v得罪；冒犯8oppose v反对，反抗opposed adj.相反的；反对的opposition n对抗，反抗opposite adj.相对的，对面的 n反义词；对立的事物9resist v抵抗；反抗resistance n抵制，抵抗resistant adj.有抵抗力的，抵制的10approval n赞许；赞成approve v赞成11curiosity n好奇心curious adj.好奇的curiously adv.好奇地12initially adv.起初initial adj.开始的，最初的巧记单词词根词形变化构词点拨tend tendency动词ency构成名词resistresistance动词ance构成名词approveapproval动词去eal构成名词.补全短语1complain about .对抱怨2find ones way into 进入3in conclusion 总之4a huge number of 大量的5be relevant to 与相关6get down to sth. 开始做某事7let sb. down 使某人失望8be associated with 与有关，与有联系9be superior to 比好/强1教材原句It is estimated that 1.3 billion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050. 据估计到2050年，有13亿人会把英语作为第一或第二语言。句型点拨It is 过去分词that .佳句赏析今天的报纸上宣称总统下周要对中国进行访问。It is announced that the President will pay a visit to China next week in todays newspaper.2教材原句English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand. 英语中有大量绚烂华丽但可能很难懂的表达。句型点拨主语beadj. to do sth.佳句赏析(2017全国卷满分作文)外国学习者很难理解唐诗的真实含义和文化。The true meaning and the culture of Tang poems are difficult to understand for a foreign learner.3教材原句Not all idioms have been common for many years. 并非所有的习语都是多年来常用的。句型点拨部分否定。佳句赏析(2016江苏高考满分作文)众所周知，不是所有的人都愿意给那些渴望在比赛中获胜的人投票。As is known to us all, not all the people are willing to vote for the people who are eager to be the winners in competitions.The Future of EnglishEver since the invention of the first telegraph at the end of the 19th century, English has been spreading around the world. It has a powerful influence in the media, on the Internet and in pop music that is not going to go away. This communication revolution has turned the world into a “global village” in which everyone needs to talk to each other and so often nowadays that means in English.More people now speak English as a second language across the world than as a native language. It is estimated that 1.3 billion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050. But what will that form of English be like? Traditionally, British English has been taught across the world, but it is only one variety. Experts believe that the future shape and grammar of English, especially in its spoken form, will no longer be determined in the traditional Englishspeaking countries like Britain and America but in the rest of Europe, Asia and Africa.International organisations and businesses communicate with each other in English. But a new pattern of using English is developing that does not look the same to native speakers as “traditional” English. Researchers are now investigating “nonnative” English which is a new form of the language with changes in grammar, pronunciation and meaning. Often meanings and words from other languages find their way into English to produce a new dialect such as “Franglais” which combines aspects of French and English. You could say this gives English a French flavour. All of these processes are a form of natural evolution. New dialects acquire their own complex features until they become real languages in their own right. Experts are convinced that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English and call it their own.英语的未来自从19世纪末第一台电报机发明以来，英语已经传遍了世界各地。它对媒体、网络及永不止步的流行音乐都有着极大的影响。这种交际革命已经把世界变成了一个“地球村”，在地球村里，人人都需要彼此交谈现在更多地指用英语交谈。现在全世界有更多的人把英语当作第二语言而不是母语来说。据估计，到2050年将会有13亿人把英语当作第一或第二语言。但是那种形式的英语将会是什么样呢？传统上，全世界都在教英式英语，但是只有一个种类。专家们认为未来英语的形式和语法，尤其是在英语口语中，将不再取决于英美这些传统讲英语的国家，而是由欧洲其他国家及亚洲和非洲来决定。国际组织和企业用英语彼此进行交流。但是一种新型的使用英语的模式发展起来了，它不像本地人使用的传统英语。研究者在调查“非本地”英语，它是一种新的语言形式，在语法、发音和意义上都有很大的改变。来自其他语言的意思和单词经常会在英语中占一席之地而生成一种新的方言，例如“Franglais”就是结合了法语和英语的不同方面。你可以说这给英语加上了法语韵味。所有这些过程都是自然发展的一种形式，直到那些新的方言名正言顺地真正成为一种语言的时候，它们才会拥有自己的复杂的特色。专家们确信当越来越多的人学习英语并能运用自如时，这一切在将来都会发生。Colourful EnglishEnglish has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand. Even if the meaning of the words is straightforward, the cultural associations of the phrase may be ambiguous. The dilemma is to know which are explicit, which are figurative, and why they are relevant to an everyday situation.Idioms are picturesque or absurd expressions conveying a concept which is different from the literal meaning and have been common in English for many years. The Pilgrim Fathers in America always asked for turkeys when they traded with Native Americans. Thus, to talk turkey means to get down to business. But some idioms are very new and youll need to clarify what they mean. For example, mad as a box of frogs is a recent way of describing someone who has a tendency to be rather disorganised or vague. A bad hair day is one when you feel clumsy or depressed, possibly because your hair doesnt look good.Many expressions are advertising slogans. Thatll do nicely, sir! comes from an old TV ad for American Express. Its the shop assistants reply to a customer who selects a credit card from his wallet and asks if the shop accepts American Express.Other common expressions have metaphorical significance. Get your tanks off my lawn! means Back off! Withdraw your threats! and was first said by a British prime minister, rejecting the threat of a potential strike by a trade union leader. Age before beauty is used when inviting another person to go through a door before you. Its not meant to abuse the other person, but it may sometimes cause offence. The Iron Curtain was the statesman Winston Churchills term for the dividing line between eastern and western Europe. With friends like these, who needs enemies? means a friend has betrayed your trust or let you down. We shall overcome dates from the American Civil War, and is used almost like a prayer by the Civil Rights movement in the USA, meaning we will oppose prejudice against black people and resist conflict between Americans.Finally, there are traditional proverbs which express a moral or a piece of advice. For example, When in Rome, do as the Romans do suggests you should adapt to local conditions. Some sayings have achieved the superior status of a proverb such as Money makes the world go around from the musical Cabaret (1966). This comes from the older proverb Love makes the world go round.五花八门的英语英语有着大量的丰富多彩的极好的表达方式，也许很难理解。即使单词的意思简单易懂，但短语在文化方面的联系可能就含糊不清了。困难在于搞懂哪些是明确的表达，哪些是象征比喻，而它们又为何与某个现实生活的情形相关。习语是一些生动或不合常理的表达方式，传递着一个与字面意义完全不同的概念，并且多年来在英语里普遍使用。美国的朝圣先驱们在与美国本土居民做生意的时候总是要火鸡。因此，“谈论火鸡”意思就是“开始做生意吧”。但是有些习语是新的，你需要去弄清它们的意思。例如：“像一盒青蛙一样疯狂”是最近的一种表达方式，描述的是某人非常无序或者茫然。“发型不好看”指的是一个人感到笨拙或沮丧的时候，很可能是由于你的发型看起来不好看。许多表达方式都是广告标语。“可以的，先生！”来自为美国运通卡设计的一则旧的电视广告。它是售货员用来回答一个从钱包里选择信用卡的顾客的，这个顾客问商店是否接受美国运通卡。其他一些通用的表达方式具有比喻意义。“把你的坦克从我的草坪上开走”意思是“后退！吓唬谁呀！”他是被一位英国首相首先使用的，他反对由一个工会头目发起的一场潜在罢工的威胁。“长者先请”是用来邀请别人先于你而进门的，并非是辱骂对方的意思，只是偶尔会(让人误会)得罪人。“铁幕政策”是政治家温斯顿丘吉尔的关于东欧和西欧之间分割线的条款。“有这样的朋友，还要敌人干什么？”意思是一个朋友背叛了你的信任或让你失望了。“我们要战斗到底”来自美国内战，在美国民权运动中几乎被当作祈祷文一样使用着，意思是我们将会反抗对黑人的偏见和抵制美国人之间的冲突。最后，传统谚语常常是表达一个寓意或者一条规劝。例如：“入乡随俗”建议你应该适应当地的情况。一些谚语还被引申到更高的意义层次上来，例如出自1966年的音乐歌舞剧卡米洛特中的“钱能使世界运转”，它来自于古老的谚语“爱能让世界运转”。Chinese as a Foreign LanguageWho wants to learn Chinese? Just about everybody in the world, it seems. The demand for Chinese as a foreign language is growing fast, both in Englishspeaking countries, such as Britain and the USA, and in other countries like France, where the number of students studying Chinese has increased by 15% each year in recent years.There are a number of reasons for the interest. As China develops economically, opportunities for doing business increase dramatically and if you know your partners language, your chances of success increase. But there is also a renewed interest in the culture and traditions of China; the fact that Chinese culture has continued uninterrupted for more than 5,000 years is a source of curiosity and fascination for people in other parts of the world.A third reason is that learning Chinese is, simply, a challenge. With its characters and complicated tone system, most speakers of other languages think Chinese must be incredibly difficult. But is it really so? As one American student says, “The biggest problem about learning Chinese is often fear sometimes caused by the teachers. Ive studied quite a few languages, and none of them are as easy for me as Chinese. The grammar is easy, since sentence order is similar to English but simpler. The only difficult part of spoken Chinese is the tone system. Even that isnt a big problem. I remember the first time I heard a native of Beijing speaking, it was so clear！”With so much interest in the language, the Chinese government introduced an international exam system.Established in 1990, the HSK test was initially meant for those learners who regard Chinese as a second or foreign language. Later, it was introduced abroad. At the moment, there are more than 100 exam centres in 27 countries around the world, with nearly 150,000 candidates taking the exam every year. And a spinoff of this is that teaching Chinese as a foreign language offers young Chinese language graduates interesting professional opportunities and a chance to travel across the world.作为外语的汉语谁想要学习汉语？看起来好像世界上的每个人都想学。不仅在英国和美国这样说英语的国家，而且在其他国家比如法国，将汉语作为一门外语的需求人数都在快速增加。近几年，法国学生学习汉语的人数已经以每年15%的速度在增长。这一兴趣产生的原因很多。随着经济的发展，中国的商机迅猛增加如果你懂得合作伙伴的语言，那你成功的几率就会大增。但是现在还有一种对中国文化和传统的兴趣在复兴：中国文化不间断地延续了5 000多年的事实让世界上其他地区的人感到好奇和着迷。第三个原因，简单地说，学习汉语本身就是一种挑战。汉字以及复杂的声调体系使大多数讲其他语言的人认为汉语一定是令人难以置信地难。但事实是这样吗？正如一位美国学生所说的：“学汉语最大的问题常常是恐惧而这种恐惧有时是老师引起的。我已经学习了好几种语言，对我来说汉语是最简单的。语法很简单，因为句子的语序跟英语类似但是更加简练。汉语口语唯一的困难是声调体系。但那也不是个大问题。我记得我第一次听到一个北京人说话，那是如此清晰！”由于这么多人对汉语感兴趣，中国政府引入了一套国际考试系统。汉语水平考试最初是在1990年为那些把汉语当作第二语言或外语的学习者设立的。后来这一考试被介绍到了国外。目前在全世界27个国家设有100多个考试中心，每年有将近15万考生参加考试。这一现象的副产品是把汉语作为一门外语来教学，给年轻的汉语专业毕业生提供了有趣的就业机会和环游世界的机会。1What does the man complain about? (P48)这个人抱怨什么？complain v抱怨；不满；投诉；控告With too many construction projects sucking all the strength out of the economy, people of the small country complain a lot.太多的建设工程正在耗尽经济实力，这个小国的人们怨声载道。(1)complain (to sb.) (向某人)抱怨 (2)complaint n 抱怨；申诉；投诉make a complaint about/against 抱怨；投诉Several passengers complained_to the air company about the bad service on the flight.几名旅客向航空公司抱怨班机上服务差。If you want to make a complaint (complain), you should see the manager.如果你要对此投诉，你应该去见经理。2Experts are convinced that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English and call it their own. (P51)专家们相信，当越来越多的人学英语并称其为自己的语言时，这种情况就会发生。convinced adj.确信的，信服的Almost everyone is convinced they are not like other people.几乎每个人都确信他们和其他人不一样。(1) 相信(2)convince vt. 使确信，使信服convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事convince sb. of sth. convince sb. thatclause 使某人相信(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的You should be_convinced_of your ability to deal with it. 你应该相信你有能力处理这件事。I am_convinced_that this convincing speech will_convince_many_students_to_pay attention to safety.我相信这个有说服力的演讲会说服很多学生注意安全。3English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand. (P53)英语中有大量绚烂华丽但可能很难懂的表达。该句中的定语从句用的是“主语beadj.to do .”句型，不定式所表示的动作虽与句子的主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，但通常以主动形式表被动。该句式中常用的形容词有easy, hard, difficult, comfortable, fit, clean等。需注意的是，如果动词为不及物动词，则后面要有相应的介词。The question is difficult for me to answer.这个问题对我来说很难回答。The water in the polluted river is_not_fit_to_drink.被污染的河流里的水不适合饮用。The sofa is_comfortable_to_sit_in.沙发坐起来很舒服。4Thus, to talk turkey means to get down to business. (P53)因此，“谈论火鸡”的意思是开始做正事。get down to (doing) sth.开始(做)某事Having finished supper, Professor Wang got down to his experiment in the lab.吃完晚饭后，王教授就开始在实验室做实验。Its time I got down to thinking about that essay.是我该认真思考一下那篇论文的时候了。get around传播；四处走动get sth. across 使传达；被理解get on/along with 进展；与人相处get through 做完；接通电话get in 收获；收割get over 克服get rid of 摆脱；处理We can surely get_over all difficulties that may come up.我们一定能够克服可能发生的一切困难。If you keep disturbing him, he will never get_through his work.如果你一直打扰他，他永远也做不完他的工作。联想发散在get down to短语中，to为介词，后面可跟名词、代词或动名词。to为介词的动词短语还有：be/get_used_to 习惯于stick_to坚持lead_to 导致 object_to_ 反对 contribute_to_ 促成；是的成因之一pay_attention_to_ 注意5With friends like these, who needs enemies? means a friend has betrayed your trust or let you down. (P53)“有这样的朋友，还要敌人干什么？”意思是“你的朋友辜负了你的信任或者让你失望了”。let down 使某人失望；放下；降低；把(衣服)加长写出下列句中let down的含义He let down his luggage, lay in the sofa and fell asleep soon.放下What she did let her teacher down.使某人失望Im going to let down this old skirt for my daughter.把(衣服)加长let alone更不用说let sb./sth. alone 不管，不要干涉某人/某物let go of 松手；放开let off 引发；引爆let out 结束；散场；散会；发出The baby cant even walk, let_alone run.那个婴儿连走都不会，更别说跑了。Seeing the snake, she let_out a scream of terror.看到蛇，她害怕地尖叫起来。6We shall overcome .and is used almost like a prayer by the Civil Rights movement in the USA, meaning we will oppose prejudice against black people and resist conflict between Americans.(P53)“我们要战斗到底”并且被美国民权运动几乎像祈祷文一样广泛使用，它的意思是：我们将反对对黑人的歧视并将阻止美国人民之间的冲突。oppose v反对He opposed the proposal to build a new hall.他反对修建新礼堂的建议。(1)oppose doing sth.反对做某事 be opposed to 反对(to是介词)(2)opposition n. 反对，相反，敌对My father opposes chatting (chat) online and thinks it a waste of time.我父亲反对网上聊天，认为这是浪费时间。The professor, opposed_to_carrying_out the project, made a comment on the report.反对执行该项目的那位教授对该报告作了评论。resist v反抗；抵抗；忍耐A balanced diet will increase your ability to resist infection.均衡的饮食可以增强你抗感染的能力。(1)resist doing sth. 抵制做某事cannot resist doing sth. 禁不住做某事resist the temptation to do sth. 抵制做某事的诱惑(2)resistance n. 反抗，抵制；抵抗力，抵抗性(3)resistant adj. 抵抗的，抗的，耐的be resistant to 对有抵抗力I couldnt resist watching (watch) TV every day at the beginning of my vacation, but soon I got tired of it.假期之初，我忍不住每天都看电视，但很快就厌倦了。The flu virus seems to be_resistant_to_medicine, for I have taken medicine for a whole week, but I am still suffering from a bad cold.这种流感病毒好像有抗药性，因为我吃了一个星期的药，但是我感冒一点没好。7Not all idioms have been common for many years. (P54)并非所有的习语都是多年来常用的。not all .“并非所有的都”，是部分否定，not的位置灵活，可置于句首，也可放在句中。Not all the people present agreed with you.All the people present didnt agree with you.不是所有在场的人都赞成你的看法。(1)与not连用构成部分否定的词有all, both, every, everybody, everywhere, everyone, always, everything, entirely, wholly。(2)表示全部否定的词有none, nobody, no one, neither, never, nothing, nowhere等。Not_both of my parents are in favor of my idea of traveling around the world.我的父母并非都赞成我去周游世界的想法。The truth is that not_everyone/everybody is attaching great importance to time management.事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得很重要。He told me all pieces of the news, but none_of_them was very exciting.他告诉了我所有的消息，但它们中没有一件激动人心的。.单句语法填空1We will deal with the complaint (complain) of the customers as soon as possible.2Convinced (convince) of the accuracy of the data, they stuck to their opinion.3The association (associate) in their company launched a campaign for a ban on tobacco advertising.4There is a growing tendency (tend) among young people to get married at a later age.5The discovery of the new drug is of great significance (significant) to people suffering from heart disease.6Whatever Lisa does, she always wants to win the approval (approve) of other people.7Out of curiosity (curious), we opened the box, only to find there was an old photo in it.8The damage of the hurricane was far more serious than initially (initial) reported.9If you take too much of this medicine, you will be resistant (resist) to it.10This Western restaurant is superior to the one we went to last week.11Due t