转接本考试辅导语法.ppt

专接本考试辅导,zhuanjieben_ zhuanjiebenfudao,时态,This is the first time that I _(hear) her sing. 过去完成时常用在有hardly/scarcely /barely when; no soonerthan等副词句子中,这种结构表示“刚刚就，不等就”。 e.g. She had hardly (scarcely, barely) gone to bed when the bell rang. No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.,表示将来某时之前或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作 e.g. We will have made our country one of the medium developed countries in the world by the year of 2050. 到2050年我们将我国建设为世界上中等发达的国家之一. 表示一个持续到某时或某动作发生之前的动作 e.g. By next Monday, she will have studied here for three years. 到下周一,她在这里的学习就要满三年了.,David_ the golf club for 2 years. A. has joined B. has been C. joined D. has been in Yesterday when we left, they_ a meeting. A. were having B. have C. are having D. had If it_ next Sunday, we wont go to the park. A. rains B. rain C. raining D. will rain,D,A,A,We _ in touch with each other since 2003. A. have kept B. had kept C. kept D. keep Even if it _ this afternoon, I will go there. A. has rained B. will rain C. rains D. will have rained,A,C,When we arrived at the airport, we were told our flight _. A. had been cancelled B. had cancelled C. has been cancelled D. cancelled His grandfather_ for quite some years. A. had died B. has been died C. has been dead D. is death,A,C,Its been 5 years since he_ China. A. left B. had left C. has left D. leaving By the time you get back, great changes _ in this area. A. will take place B. will be taken place C. are going to take place D. will have taken place,A,D,He _ in a small workshop, but now he is the head of a big business company. A. used to working B. was used to work C. used to work D. was used to working My grandpa _ rural life. A. has used to B. used to C. is used to D. uses to,C,C,语态（被动）,形式： be + done (过去分词) will be done have/had been done be being done He was hit by a car yesterday. A notice will be put up on the wall. That important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. A new lake is being built in the park.,只能作为不及物的动词和词组：occur, happen, break out, take place, come true, become a reality May 4th Movement took place in 1919. When did the accident occur? 某些由及物动词转化来的不及物动词，如：read, write, wash, cook, keep, open, sell 等， 常和副词well, easily, smoothly等连用， 且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。 The cloth washes well. In hot weather, meat wont keep long.,need, require, want, deserve, be worth 后面+doing 的主动结构表示被动含义。 My watch needs repairing. This film is really worth seeing. Who said the boy deserved punishing. 某些系动词如：feel, prove, smell, taste, sound 等+形容词，也是主动表被动意义。 The food tastes delicious. How sweet these flowers smell!,The dog needs _. He has been digging in the mud. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing You _ here. We have got plenty. A. neednt bring B. dont need to bring C. neednt have brought D. dont have to bring,B,C,不定式符号to 在被动语态中不可省略。在主动语态中，感官动词和“使”动词常跟不带to的动词不定式，但在被动语态中要有to。 I saw her pass by the window. She was seen to pass by the window. 某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 He is hard to please. The article is difficult to understand.,The anti-Japanese War _ in 1937. A) broke out B) was broken out C) had broken out D) was happened The work _ by the time you get here. A) would have been done B) will have been done C) would have done D) has been done,A,B,“ The ceremony has already started.” “ Look! The flag is _ now.” A) being raised B) risen C) being rising D) raising The film _ this Saturday. A) shows B) will show C) is to be shown D) is to show,A,C,The United Kingdom _ Great Britain and Northern Ireland. A. consisted of B. is consisted of C. consists of D. consist There are more than fifty proposals _ at the conference. A. discussed B. to be discussed C. discussing D. having discussed,C,B,非谓语动词,能以不定式作宾语的动词: afford, agree, ask, choose, claim, decide, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, decline, seek, swear, wish, aim, long, strive, tend, fail, think, threaten, care, hate, prepare, help, want, hesitate, propose, plan, seem;,动词+宾语+带 to 的动词不定式: advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, encourage, expect(要求), forbid, hire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn; 有些固定词组带 to 不定式，表示说话人的立场或态度，在句子中作独立成分：to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short, to get (back) to the point, to put it another way, to tell the truth;,动词+ how / what / where / which / when/why + 不定式,The leader concerned told the news reporters frankly that he did not know whom_ for the accident caused by fake wine. A. is blame B. to blame C. blames D. will blame,B,在“名词（代词）+be +easy (difficult, fit) + 不定式”结构中，有时尽管句中主语是动作的承受者，不定式在意义上是被动的，形式上却是主动的。 A. The book is difficult to read. 这本书很难读懂。 B. The path is easy to find. 这条路很好找。,不定式符号to 和介词to 的辨别问题 英语中有相当数量的常用短语，其最后一个词 是 to ；to 可以是介词，也可以是不定式符号。作为介词，to后面接名词或动名词，作为不定式符号，后面须接动词原形，不可混淆。下面提供七种类型含介词to的搭配。 含介词to的搭配,动词+介词to agree to (同意)admit to（承认）attend to（注意、照顾）come to（到达，涉及到）contribute to (捐献)object to（反对）refer to (提及，查询) 动词+名词/代词+介词to attributeto（归因于) applyto（应用，适用） accustomto (使习惯于) confineto (限于范围内)dedicateto（奉献）preferto （喜欢）oweto （归功于,归因于）,动词+ed 分词+介词to be accustomed to （惯于）be used to （习惯于，适应于）be devoted to （致力于）be reduced to （使变小） 动词+副词小品词+介词 to get down to （开始认真做某事）look forward to （盼望）face up to （勇敢地面对）,形容词+介词to similar to （类似）loyal to （忠于）deaf to（不愿意听）superior to （优于、胜过）sensitive to （敏感）preferable to （较合人意） 名词+介词to objection to（反对）answer to（回答、答复）limit to （限于）aid to (辅助) indifference to （不关心）key to （解答，关键） 以介词to 结尾的复杂介词 according to（根据，按照）as to（关于）owing to （因为，由于）thanks to （由于，多亏）in addition to （除 之外）,You must accustom yourself to _ _ ( get ) up early. We are looking forward to _ (see) you again. He used to _ (smoke ) a pipe. He was reduced to _ (beg) for food. She is working hard to _ (earn) money.,getting,seeing,smoke,begging,earn,All flights _ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train. A. were being canceled B. having canceled C. had been canceled D. having been canceled,D,As an English saying goes: Its no use _ over spilt milk. A. to be crying B. to cry C. crying D. cried,C,All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off. A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered,A,When _ to dinner at the restaurant, she seemed very happy and accepted the invitation. A. invited B. to be invited C. inviting D. having invited The dog, _, will make a good watch dog. A) to train properly B) training properly C) properly to train D) trained properly,A,D,_,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. A) Other things being equal B) Were other things equal C) To be equal to other things D) Other things to be equal,A,The editorial _ now will appear in tomorrows newspaper. A) writing B) to write C) being written D) write When _ from the earth, the stars seem to be tiny dots. A. see B. seeing C. seen D. to see,C,C,It _ now pretty late, we took our things to our room. A) is B) being C) turned D) got A beggar was dragging his weary feet with many kids _behind. A) following B) to follow C) followed D) being followed,B,A,I understood you were third-year students _ in English. A) who majors B) who major is C) have majored D) majoring He wanted a basket of flowers _ to his wife. A) sending B) sent C) to send D) to have sent,D,B,_ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A) Founding B) It was founded C) Being founded D) Founded The name Nebraska comes from the old Indian word “nebrathka”, _ flat water. A) to mean B) meaning C) it means D) by meaning,D,B,The lab _ next year will be more advanced than the old one. A) built B) to be built C) being built D) to build Walking along the riverside path, _ several groups of hikers. A) I met B) the river met C) it was D) we met by,B,A,现在分词 Reading the letter, she burst into tears. =When she was reading the letter, 因为she & read之间是主动关系，而且表示伴随状态，所以用现在分词。 过去分词 Compared with Chinas history, the Americas is quite short. =When the Americas history is compared with Chinas , it is quite short.,逻辑主语与主语不一致-分词的独立结构： Night falling, we hurried home. (表时间）=When the night fell, The train being late, we missed our plane. (表原因）=Because the train was late,逻辑主语与主语不一致-分词的独立结构： Weather permitting, well have the match tomorrow. = If weather permits, (表条件） 在动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, cant help等后跟动名词和跟动词不定式意义区别较大，须注意。,现在分词的完成体表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前 having+ 分词 having+ been+分词 Please fill in the blank _ (be tired) of reading for three hours, David went to bed. _ (have) my breakfast, I rushed out of my home. _ (hold) a book, the teacher came in.,Being tired,Having had,Holding,在下面句型中，常用it 作形式主语，动名词做真正的主语。 It is no use/good + doing sth. It is no fun + doing sth. It is not worth + doing sth. 但是在it is of no use 后面则用动词不定式。 It is of no use to cry over spilt milk. 常用动名词作宾语的动词或词组有： avoid, admit, delay, practise, enjoy, risk, finish, mind, miss, suggest, keep, deny, postpone, appreciate, give up, be opposed to, put off, feel like, look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to, object to, cant help,在 trouble, difficulty, point 等词后，应加介词 in + 动词-ing。in 可以省略。 There is no much point (in) thinking about it. American businessmen have difficulty (in) understanding their Japanese counterparts. have, find, get, make等后面可以接过去分词作宾补。 You can have your tape recorder repaired in the shop over there.,Though small, the room is comfortable _. A. to live B. to live in C. living in D. live in We were surprised at _ the exam. A. him not pass B. his passing not C. his not passing D. him not to pass The decision _, what is to be done now is how to carry it out. A. been made B. has been made C. having been made D. having been making,B,C,C,I forgot _ her that my coat buttons need to be sewn on. A. reminding B. having reminded C. to remind D. to have reminded As we approached the village we saw many new houses _. A. built B. build C. being built D. building,C,C,He didnt keep on asking me for a ride as he had already got his own car _. A. repair B. repairing C. repaired D. to repair It is upsetting when a person gets _ for a crime that he did not commit. A. punish B. punishing C. punished D. to punish,C,C,虚拟语气,与现在事实相反 条件从句：If I (we, you, he, she, it, they) + 动词过去式 (be动词的过去式一律用were) 结果主句：I (we, you, he, it, they) + would + 动词原型 E.g. He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.,与过去事实相反 条件从句：If I (we, you, he, she, it, they) had + 过去分词 结果主句：I (we, you, he, it, they) + would + have + 过去分词 E.g. If we had left earlier, we wouldnt have missed the train.,与将来时间相反 条件从句：A式：were+不定式 B式：一般过去式 C式：should+动词原型 结果主句：would (should) + 动词原型 E.g. If she were to marry me, I would be the happiest man in the world. E.g. If it rained tomorrow, we wouldnt play basketball. E.g. If he should leave, we should be sad. Whats the difference? (可能性大小比较) If it were to snow,(可能性较小)If it snowed (可能性一般) tomorrow, I should (would) stay at home. If it should snow (可能性较大),倒装结构: 条件句中有were, had, should时,可以省略if，而把该词放在主语前。这种用法主要用于书面语中 Were it necessary, I might resign. Had you informed me earlier, I wouldnt have signed the contract. Should I have time, I would call on her. Exercises：If he had studied more, he would have been able to pass the exam. Had he studied more, he would have been able to pass the exam.,错综时间条件句: 在错综时间条件句中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据所指的不同时间选用恰当的虚拟语气形式。 If I had taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now. ( 过去 现在 ) If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night.( 现在 过去 ) If the ship had left at noon, it would be passing through the canal now. ( 过去 现在进行 ) If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour. ( 过去 将来 ) Exercise: 如果昨晚你不看那部电影，现在就不会眼困了。 If you hadnt watched that movie last night , you wouldnt be sleepy now.,在一些表示要求、建议、命令等动词的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。这时谓语要用虚拟形式来表示，即用“should+动词原形”或省略“should”，只用动词原形。 这些动词有：suggest, propose, insist, prefer, order, command, advise, desire, recommend, require, intend, desire, request, deserve, demand, determine, arrange, beg, ask, pray etc. she insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. They requested that she (should) sing a song. I prefer that you (should) not eat the meat.,在suggestion, advice, decision, desire, order, idea, proposal, request, resolution, request, recommendation, requirement, motion 等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中常使用虚拟语气。这时谓语动词要用”should+动词原型”或省略”should” ，只用动词原型。 His desire is that he (should) visit the Great Wall in China someday. We made the suggestion that such device (should) be designed and produced without delay.,在一些与表示要求、建议、命令等动词意义相类似的形容词所带的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气。这时谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”或省略“should”,只用动词原形。 这些形容词有important, necessary, urgent, desirable, insistent, possible, recommended, desired, requested, suggested, deserved, etc. It is desired that all the students (should) pass final examination. It has been decided that the meeting (should) be postponed till next Monday.,在 “Its ( high/about ) time”句型中 谓语动词用过去式，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。 It is high time we left. It is about time you went to bed. It is time for us to leave. It is time for you to go to bed.,在would rather, would sooner 后的句子中 （1） 接不带to的不定式，表示选择，指现在或将来，也可指过去 Id rather do it now. （2）接从句。用一般过去时，表示一个现在或将来的愿望；用过去完成时，表示一个过去愿望。 Id rather I hadnt told you about it. I would sooner she printed the wall green next time.,Jeans uncle insists _ in this hotel. A) he stays B) that he not stay C) not to stay D) staying not _ harder, you would have passed this exam. A. If you have worked B. If you worked C. Were you to work D. Had you worked,B,D,If I had been shown the dictionary, I _ able to give a better account of it now. A) should be B) be C) am D) was We must stop now. It is time we _ home. A) have gone B) are going C) went D) will go I would rather _ a house with a garden. A)bought B) buy C) had bought D)been bought,A,C,B,_ your advice yesterday, I would have missed the train. A) Had I not taken B) If I did not take C) If I have not taken D) I did not take But for your help, we _ this experiment so quickly. A. shouldnt be finishing B. couldnt finished C. hadnt finished D. wouldnt have finished,A,D,It was essential that the application form _ back before the deadline. A) must be sent B) be sent C) would be sent D) were sent If he _ so much money, he would be rich today. A. didnt spend B. wasnt spent C. hadnt spent D. wasnt spending,B,C,Without electronic computer, much of todays advanced technology _. A) havent been achieved B) hadnt been achieved C) wouldnt be achieved D) wouldnt have been achieved,D,The baby smiled as if he _what his mother said. A) has understand B) had understood C) understood D) had been understood she talked about Rome as if he _ a Rome. A) was B) has been C) had been D) were,B,D,It is important that this machine-tool _ every day. A)be oiled B)oil C) is to be oiled D) oiled If only I _ how to operate a computer! A) learned B) would learn C) have learned D) had learned,A,D,If only: 真希望，要是。该多好啊,强调句,It was not until she arrived in class _ realized she had forgotten her book. A and she B she C when D that she It was in Germany _ Einstein spent his childhood. A where B which C that D when It was not until December 31_ we finally got a letter from him. A. that B. when C. which D. then,D,C,A,主谓一致,由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than, etc. 以上词语构成的短语出现在主语中心词之后，谓语仍和前面的主语保持一致。 1)My mother, as well as my father, has a key to the office. 2)The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV.,由more than one (或more than one + 单数名词)，many a + 单数名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。 如果more than后面是复数名词，则谓语动词要用复数。 1) More than one student has passed the examination. 2) Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. 3) More than two hundred students have attended the lecture.,在“one of + 复数名词定语从句”的结构中，定语从句一般被看作是修饰该复数名词的，动词要用复数形式。在“the one of + 复数名词定语从句”的结构中，定语从句修饰的是“the only one”，因而动词要用单数形式。 1) She is one of the engineers who are good at English. 2) She is the only one of the engineers who is good at English.,就近一致（1/2） 由连词or, neithernor, eitheror, not only but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式按就近一致的原则，与贴近它的主语一致。 1) Either he or you like playing football. 2) Either you or he likes playing football. 2、就近一致（2/2） 在there be 的结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近一致原则。 1) There is a speaker and many students in Room A209. 2) There are many students and a speaker in Room A209.,Neither of them _ going to the cinema. Both of them _ going to the cinema. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; was D. are; is,A,Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons _ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, _ taking a walk in the park now. A. are; are B. is ;are C. is; is D. are; is,D,The number of the people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were,C,定语从句,Mr. Smith, from _ I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist. Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of _ is 300 000 kilometers per second. The sun heats the earth, _ is very important to us