2018_2019学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiologySectionⅡWarm_upLesson1—LanguagePoints学案.docx

Section Warm-up Lesson 1Language Points一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇 1.interval n间隔；间歇2.swap vi. 交换3.seek vt. 寻找4.compulsory adj. 强制性的；义务的5.controversial adj. 有争议的6.pump vi. 用泵抽出(注入).拓展词汇1.circulate vi.循环circulation n循环2.digest vt.消化digestion n消化3.abuse vt.滥用abuse n滥用4.tolerate vt.容忍tolerance n容忍5.fundamental adj.根本的；基础的fundamentally adv.根本地；基础地6.doubtful adj.怀疑的，不肯定的doubt v& n怀疑7.annual adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的annually adv.一年一次地8.oppose vt.反对opposition n反对9.contradict vt.与(其他事物)相矛盾contradiction n矛盾10.violate vt.违反violation n违反1.digest vt.& vi.消化；理解，领悟n.摘要文摘词块digest ill/well难/易消化digest rapidly/slowly 迅速地/慢慢地消化digest briefly 简单了解digest carefully 仔细了解 2.abuse vt.& n滥用联想ab开头高频词abundant adj.丰富的 abnormal adj.不正常的abroad adv.在国外 abstract adj.抽象的abandon v抛弃，逃离 absorb v吸收absence n不在，缺席；缺乏aboard adv.在船(飞机，火车等)上3.oppose vt.反对；不赞成同义object v反对；不赞成反义agree v同意4.tolerate vt.容忍同义put up with 忍受；容忍bear vt. 忍受stand vt. 忍受endure vt. 忍耐；容忍live with 忍受；容忍二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.seek after/for寻找；探索；追求2.in vain 徒然，白费力气3.at random 随便地，随意地4.at all costs 不论多大代价，无论如何5.due to 由于6.come across 偶然遇见7.contribute to 促成；导致8.in silence 沉默地，默不作声地9.out_of breath 气喘吁吁地10.in use (机械、场所等)在使用中1.track and field田径运动2.achieve Olympic bests 达到奥运会的最高纪录3.predict a ceiling 预测上限4.in the wrong hands 错误的5.make it 成功6.beyond ones limits 超出某人的极限7.make excuses 找借口8.major sporting events 重大体育赛事9.more or less 或多或少，大约10.do physical exercise 进行体育锻炼三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.If American athlete Marion Jones hadnt taken drugs, would she have made it to the Olympics at all？如果美国运动员玛里昂琼斯没有服用兴奋剂的话，她能成功地进军奥运会吗？make it to“能参加，出席”，其中to为介词。Follow the advice above, you will make_it_to_an_ideal_college in the US.按照上面的建议，你将能进入一所理想的美国大学。2.Unfortunately, it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs.不幸的是，查出运动员服用违禁药物并不容易。catch sb. doing sth. “撞见某人正在做某事”。When I came into the classroom, I caught_him_reading my private letters.当我来到教室时，我发现他正在偷看我的私人信件。3.In the future, athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.将来，改变了基因的运动员有可能创下仅8秒的百米纪录或不到两个小时的马拉松长跑纪录。have sth. done“使某事被做，请/让/叫别人做某事；经历，遭受某事”。She had_her_purse_stolen yesterday when she was walking around the shopping mall.昨天逛商场时她的钱包被偷了。1(教材P33)It digests your food and sends vitamins and minerals into the blood.它消化你的食物，将维生素和矿物质送入血液中。digest vt.& vi.消化vt.理解，领悟n.摘要，文摘写出下列句中digest的词性及含义You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest.vt.消化I have digested most of the important points in the book.vt.理解The digest of the novel includes the most exciting scenes.n.摘要巧学助记2(教材P34)The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.由于它是欺骗的基本形式，体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。tolerate vt.容忍；忍受；容许(1)tolerate doing sth.容忍/容许做某事tolerate sb./sb.s doing sth. 容许/忍受某人做某事(2)tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的be tolerant of 对宽容(3)tolerance n. 宽容；忍耐力I must remind you that at no time will the school tolerate cheating in the exam.我必须提醒你，学校绝不会容忍考试作弊。I cant imagine that such a stubborn man as him can be tolerant of different ideas.我无法想象像他这样顽固的人会容忍不同的观点。Try to show some tolerance (tolerant) towards children.努力表现得对孩子宽容些。名师点津tolerate/stand“忍受”，后只接动词ing形式作宾语；bear/endure可接动词ing和动词不定式两种形式作宾语。She cant tolerate/stand/bear/endure being called a liar.She cant bear/endure to_be_called a liar.她无法忍受被称作撒谎者。3(教材P34)Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动中存在的问题，每个运动项目都存在这个问题，运动员想取得超常体育成绩而准备作弊。seek vt.(sought, sought)寻找seek to do sth.设法、企图做某事seek after/for 追求，探索seek out 搜寻出；挑选出；找到seek ones fortune 外出寻找发财机会，外出闯荡seek sth.from sb. 向某人请求/寻求某物We seek to find a way to make us get along well with the people around us.我们试图找一种方法使我们和周围的人相处融洽。You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.这件事情你应该寻求律师的建议。If you want to seek_for/after success, you must work hard.如果你想追求成功，就必须努力工作。They sought_out a handy spot where they might sit down and rest.他们找到了一个可以坐下休息而且方便的地方。语境串记He told us that he was going to Beijing to seek his fortune and I suggested that he should seek advice from his teacher and shouldnt seek after/for personal fame or gain.他告诉我们他要去北京碰碰运气，我建议他应该请教他的老师，不要一味地追名逐利。名师点津seek后可接不定式作宾语，但不可接动名词。4(教材P34)Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.弗洛伊德兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，推诿说药物是为了治疗伤痛而服用的，但这些都是徒劳的。in vain 徒然，白费力气(1)try in vain to do sth.枉费心机/徒劳无益做某事(2)be vain about 对感到自负make vain attempts/efforts 做徒劳的尝试/努力I tried to persuade him to stop smoking but my efforts were in vain.我曾试图说服他戒烟，但是我的努力是徒劳的。We tried in vain to_make (make) him change his mind.我们试图使他改变主意，结果是白费工夫。To be perfectly frank, I do not see what she has to be vain about.坦率地说，我看不出她有什么值得骄傲之处。5(教材P34)It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.获胜者被强制进行检查，而其他参赛选手则只是随机抽检。at random 随便地，随意地The librarian took a book at random from the shelf. 图书管理员从书架上随便拿了一本书。The people for the experiment were chosen completely at_random.参与实验的人完全是随机挑选的。(1)random adj.胡乱的；随便的，任意的(2)反义词组：on purpose 有意地，故意地Why do you care about his random remarks?他只是随便一说，何必介意？Jacks been really annoying me and I think hes doing it on_purpose.杰克一直让我很烦，我想他是故意那样干的。联想发散“at名词”构成的短语常见的还有：at dinner在吃饭at play在玩耍at sea在航海 at work在工作at war在打仗 at peace和平相处at hand在手边 at will任意6(教材P34)Genetherapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.基因疗法是很有争议的，许多人反对对此做进一步的研究。oppose vt.反对，抵制，阻挠(1)oppose doing sth.反对做某事oppose sb./sb.s doing sth. 反对某人做某事(2)opposed adj. 反对的be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对；不符合(3)opposite adj. 对立的，在对面的 prep. 在的对面 n. 相反的人或物，对立物Many residents oppose/are opposed to building the motorway.It is not a wise decision.许多居民反对修建那条高速公路，那可不是个明智的决定。Her wealthy parents opposed/were opposed to her marrying (marry) a boy from the poor family.她那富有的父母反对她同贫寒家庭的孩子结婚。She turned and walked off in the opposite (oppose) direction.她转身向反方向走去。名师点津opposeobject tobe againstbe opposed to 反对；oppose为及物动词，object为不及物动词，against为介词。Do you oppose the plan or support it?Do you object to the plan or support it?Are you against the plan or for it?你反对这一计划还是支持它？7(教材P34)The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.奥林匹克精神强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神已经被为获得成功而不惜任何代价的欲望所亵渎。at all costs ( at any cost) 不管多大代价，无论如何at the cost of以为代价at a cost of 以的价格at cost 按成本价She would like to finish her project at all costs/at any cost.她愿意不惜任何代价来完成自己的计划。She saved him from the fire, but at_the_cost_of her own life.她为了从大火中救他而付出了生命。He bought a computer at_a_cost_of 5,000 yuan.他买了一台电脑，花了5 000元。This is the lowest price.We are selling at cost already.这是最低价了。我们已经是按成本价销售了。1If American athlete Marion Jones hadnt taken drugs, would she have made it to the Olympics at all?如果美国运动员玛里昂琼斯没有服用兴奋剂的话，她能成功地进军奥运会吗？句中make it to在此意为“能参加，出席”，其中to为介词。 If you can make it here, you make it anywhere.如果你能在这儿做到了，你能在任何地方做到。The boy is brave enough to make it to the top of the tower.这个男孩很勇敢，能爬到塔的顶部。Lets make_it at 8：30. Is that all right for you?我们约定在8点半吧，这对你合适吗？2In the future, athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.将来，改变了基因的运动员有可能创下仅8秒的百米纪录或不到两个小时的马拉松长跑纪录。have their genes changed为“have sth. done”结构。have sth. done的三种常见用法：(1)遭遇(do与sth.为动宾关系)I heard that Mullins had his nose broken in a fight.我听说马林斯在一场斗殴中被打折了鼻子。(2)让别人做某事(do与sth.为动宾关系；do所表示的动作不是主语发出的)Where do you normally have_your_hair_done?你通常在哪里做头发？(3)使某事被做(do与sth.为动宾关系；do所表示动作可以是别人发出的，也可以是主语发出的)Last year, he had_his_house_rebuilt.去年，他把房子重建了。辨析比较have sth. done, have sb./sth. doing, have sb./sth. do 含义宾语与宾补的关系have sth. done使/让别人做某事；使遭受动宾have sb./sth. doing使/让某人(物)持续地做某事，该结构用于否定句时，have意为“容忍”主谓have sb./sth. do使/让某人(物)去做某事主谓运用上述结构填空Claire had her luggage checked (check) an hour before her plane left.I wont have you speaking (speak) to your dad like that.The teacher has his students read (read) English every morning.单句语法填空1I am a tolerant (tolerate) man, but your behaviour is more than I can bear.2Why do modern people seek after/for material possessions?3I am opposed to going (go) shopping on Sundays, for it is too crowded.4The engineer finished the project on time at the cost of his health.5They chose some people at random in the street to give the questionnaires.6Would you like to have your writing published (publish) in this magazine?.完成句子1I tried to make his peace with her, but_in_vain.我试图使他与她和好，但白费力气。2I wont_tolerate_your/you_speaking_to your parents in this way.我不能容忍你这样和你父母讲话。3It took me a long time to_digest_what_I_had_heard.我花了很长时间才把听到的东西弄明白。4If we take a bus, we should make_it_to_the_meeting before five.如果我们乘车的话，我们在五点之前应该能出席那个会议。5You should understand the traffic rule by now.Youve_had_it_explained often enough.到现在你应该理解这条交通规则了，已经给你解释得够多了。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1The policeman held his bike because he had violated (违反) traffic regulations.2At first he was opposed (反对) to the scheme, but we managed to persuade him to accept it.3The officials were accused of abusing (滥用) their power to control the market price.4She warned students that the behaviour would not be tolerated (容忍) in her school.5I dont know whether I should swap (交换) seats with the stranger.6The farmers are pumping (抽水) water from the deep well to water their plants.7He went from city to city, seeking (寻找) for work.8Do not give the baby meat to eat, because he can not digest (消化) it.9Children need to complete nine years of compulsory (义务的) education in China.10Good health is fundamental (基础的) if you want to have a long life.单句语法填空1She turned around and caught the stranger_looking (look) at her.2Im going to Beijing next week.I have a lot of things to_take (take) with me.3Smoking leaves Sam in poor health. His wife has tried in vain to persuade him to quit smoking, though.4After the professor, opposed (oppose) to carrying (carry) out the project, made a comment on the report, the media focused on it.5Did you attend the meeting?I would_know (know) the news now if I had_attended (attend) it.6He wondered whether he chose to make further study abroad or found a stable job, so he sought (seek) advice from his parents.7Its cold.We should have the fire burning (burn) all the time.8Hurry up.Theres only 20 minutes left for the train.Take your time.I think we can make it.选词填空seek after/for， in vain， at random， at all costs， due to， come across， contribute to， in use 1.We hope your suggestion will contribute_to sloving the problem.2The restaurants success was largely due_to its new manager.3All my family went to the woods to seek_for/after the missing sheep.4When I turned over the book I came_across an old bookmark.5I searched the whole room for the lost key, but in_vain.6We are determined to win the game at_all_costs.7When the teacher came in, she opened her book at_random and started reading.8If it is not in_use,_Id like to borrow it.课文语法填空Due to better equipment, training and diet, the records have been broken, but recently, improvements 1.have_begun (begin) to slow down.Some experts predict a ceiling for many events.In order to enhance performance, some athletes take the drugs which can get people more excited and 2.energetic (energy) than normality and which are 3.originally (original) developed to help people with illnesses. 4.Taking (take) these drugs is known as “doping” and although they improve performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those 5.who abuse them.The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning has been violated by the desire 6.to_succeed (succeed) at all 7.costs (cost). So the sports world does not tolerate 8.doping (dope) as it is a fundamental form of cheating. However, it appears as if all efforts are 9.in vain.Anyway, the fight will and must fiercely go on and we all hope the word “hero” wont lose 10.its meaning.串点成篇微表达起初，李华的父母反对(be opposed to)她的婚姻，因为他们不能容忍(tolerate)她嫁给一个外国人。因此，他们试图说服她放弃，但是却徒劳一场(in vain)。李华无论如何(at all costs)都要坚持自己的选择，但她不想为此违背(violate)父母。她寻找到了(seek for)一个办法，让她的父母相信她不是胡乱(at random)决定的，最后她成功了(make it)。现在他们都生活得很幸福。At_first_Li_Huas_parents_were_opposed_to_her_marriage,_because_they_couldnt_tolerate_her_marrying_a_foreigner._Therefore,_they_tried_to_persuade_her_to_give_up_but_in_vain._Li_Hua_determined_to_insist_on_her_own_choice_at_all_costs,_but_she_wouldnt_violate_her_parents_will._She_sought_for_a_way_to_make_her_parents_believe_that_she_didnt_decide_her_marriage_at_random,_and_she_made_it_in_the_end._Now_they_all_lead_a_happy_life.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.完形填空In the past, people used to make clothes and do repairs on things in the house more than nowadays.I think the difference between then and now has been _1_ by a number of _2_ such as the quantity of other _3_， the differences in jobs and in lifestyles, etc.In the past, after people finished their workdays, it was still _4_ and they didnt have too many other activities to do, _5_ they spent their free time doing some repairs and many women used to make _6_ (most of them didnt even have a job)Nowadays, _7_， a large number of women work and both men and women have to _8_ the pressures of work and they usually work _9_ hours, so they have little time to do repairs or make clothes themselves.Another reason that has led to this _10_ is that people have less and less time for a _11_ that requires a lot of time.And when their hobby needs some knowledge, they have little time to learn it.Because everything that you want to _12_ is more technical and complicated (复杂的) than before, doing repairs takes up too much _13_ and people nearly always have to turn to a qualified technician.Besides, traditions are being _14_ because people learn traditions from their _15_ when they are young, but nowadays, _16_ people have too many hobbies like sports, video games, computers, cinemas, amusement parks, chat rooms and _17_ spend any of their free time _18_ their parents._19_， globalization and the great technical advances in the home are also contributing factors (因素), so this situation is _20_ around the world.语篇解读：本文是议论文。文章主要探讨了现代的人们不再像以前的人那样经常在家做衣服和修理物品的原因。1A.plannedBallowedCcaused Dnoted解析：选C在下文中，作者列举了“导致(caused)”现代人不像过去的人那样经常自己做衣服和修理物品的几个“原因(reasons)”。2A.reasons BchoicesCopportunities Ddecisions解析：选A参见上题解析。3A.habits BthoughtsCactivities Djudgments解析：选C由第二段中的“they didnt have too many other activities to do”可知，此处介绍的影响因素是“活动(activities)”的数量。4A.special BhotCnormal Dearly解析：选D由下文中的“they spent their free time doing some repairs and many women .”可知，过去，人们下班之后天色还“早(early)”，因为没有其他事情可做，“因此(so)”他们可以从事修理等活动。5A.but BsoCif Dbecause解析：选B参见上题解析。6A.toys BclothesCdinners Dtools解析：选B第一段中的“people used to make clothes”和下文中的“make clothes themselves”对此空有提示。7A.however BthereforeCotherwise Dbesides解析：选A上文中的“most of them didnt even have a job”和下文中的“a large number of women work”构成转折关系，因此应用however。8A.look into Bpoint outCrely on Ddeal with解析：选D现代人无论男女都需要“应对(deal with)”工作压力。9A.flexible BlongCdifficult Dhappy解析：选B由下文中的“so they have little time to do repairs or make clothes themselves”可知，他们需要工作很“长(long)”时间。10A.mistake BrelationshipCidea Dsituation解析：选D本空指现在的人们不再像以前的人们那样经常自己做衣服和修理物品这种“情况(situation)”。11A.job BdreamChobby Dmeeting解析：选C下文中的“their hobby”对此空有提示。12A.fix BbuyCcopy Dcheck解析：选A由下文中的“doi