2018_2019学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiology课下能力提升（十）（含解析）.docx

Unit 21 Human Biology课下能力提升（十）.根据首字母或汉语意思写出单词1He treated his subordinates (部下) with respect during his term of office.2The trade in weapons is prohibited in many countries.3At the news of his death, the whole nation mourned for him, who was a great national hero.4Holding the prescription given by the doctor, he came to the chemists for the medicine.5Bad weather forced us to postpone(推迟) Saturdays game.6If the danger had been foreseen (预见), probably it could have been avoided.7Simon has long been working in the field and is familiar with the details of office routine (常规)8Having lived in the countryside so long, Joe now has trouble fitting in with the urban (城市的) life.选词填空send out， straight away， make up， relate to， up to， have faith in， die from， a lack of1Kindness and generosity are the main qualities that make_up her character.2Without the weak signals sent_out from the mobile phone, the rescue members couldnt have found the dying person.3The relatives of the patient demanded that the hospital give them a response straight_away.4A survey by some psychologists shows that wealth is seldom related_to happiness.5Up_to two hundred people were on board the ship.6Her decision seems to show a_lack_of political judgement.7More than 5,000 square kilometres of forests have died_from the polluted air so far.8Keep your eyes open and be willing to change, but have_faith_in yourself.课文缩写语法填空Epidemics throughout historyWith recent press reports drawing parallels between Bird Flu and a killer epidemic in the past, Jim Smith looks 1.through the history of epidemics for clues about what the future might hold.Since Bird Flu first appeared in 1997, it has taken more than a hundred lives.Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies of people who died 2.of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern 3.adaptation (adapt) of the same virus.One of the 4.earliest (early) epidemics on record happened about 500550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire.This epidemic swept through North Africa, the Middle East and Europe.In urban areas all over Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East, up to one half of the population was lost to the Black Death.Another epidemic that spread in similar conditions was the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918, also called the Spanish Flu.It 5.struck (strike) near the end of the First World War and left families 6.mourning (mourn) worldwide.The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a lung disease in Guangdong Province and spread quickly after Dr Liu Jianjun, the carrier, came to Hong Kong and passed the virus to people who carried it to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore.No one really knew much about SARS as it was completely new.This meant that there were no prescription drugs or tablets 7.to_treat (treat) it and doctors were not sure how to prevent it either.Meanwhile, governments worldwide have also underlined the fact that 8.thorough and systematic medical research on Bird Flu needs to lead to a cure as soon as possible. Countries will need to work together to do this as the SARS epidemic proved how teamwork 9.among nations can save lives.With all the international effort being made, we have to have 10.faith (faithful) that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.阅读理解The most complex object known to humanity is the human brain and not only is it complex, but it is one of the few natural phenomena that science has no consciousness of. To try to replicate (复制) something that is so poorly understood may therefore seem like pride. But you have to start somewhere, and International Business Machines (IBM) and the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), in Switzerland, propose to start by replicating “in silico”， one of the brains building blocks.In a partnership announced, the two organizations said they would be working together to build a simulation (模拟) of a structure known as a neocortical (新大脑皮质的) column on a type of IBM supercomputer that is currently used to study the molecular functioning of genes. If that works, they plan to use more powerful computers to link such simulated columns together into something that mimics (模仿) a brain.In a real brain, a neocortical column is a cylindrical (圆柱形的) element about a third of a millimeter in diameter and three millimeters long. It is these columns, arranged side by side like the cells of a honeycomb, which make up the famous “grey matter” that has become shorthand for human intelligence. The Blue Gene/L supercomputer that will be used for the simulation consists of enough independent processors for each to be programmed to mimic an individual nerve cell in a column.The EPFLs contribution to the Blue Brain Project will be to create a digital description of how the columns behave. The database from its Brain Mind Institute will provide the raw material for the simulation. Biologists and computer scientists will then connect the artificial nerve cells up in a way that mimics nature. They will do so by assigning electrical properties (电能) to them, and telling them how to communicate with each other and how they should modify their connections with one another depending on their activity.That_will_be_no_mean_feat. Even a single nerve cell is complicated, not least because each one has about 10,000 connections with others. And nerve cells come in great variety relying, for example, on different chemical transmitters to carry messages across those connections. Eventually, however, a digital representation of an entire column should occur.Assuming that the growth of computing power continues to follow Moores Law, the leader of IBMs side thinks it should be practical to mimic an entire human brain in silico this way in ten to fifteen years. Such an artificial brain would, of course, be a powerful research tool. It would allow neurological experiments that currently take days in a “web lab” to be conducted in seconds. The researchers hope that their simulated brain will reveal the secrets of how certain psychiatric and neurological, disorders develop. But that is probably not the real reason for doing it. The most interesting question, surely, is whether such an artificial brain will be intelligent, or conscious, or both.语篇解读：对于人类来说，人脑是已知的最复杂的物体，也是科学无法解释的自然现象之一。国际商业机器公司和瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院尝试使用超级计算机模拟新皮质柱从而来模仿人脑。研究人员希望借此来探索人造大脑将会有什么功能，这样的人造大脑是否是智能的或者有意识的，还是二者兼而有之。1In a real brain, a neocortical column _.Alooks like the cells of a honeycombBis a simulation of a structureCis the famous “grey matter”Dcontains a large number of nerve cells解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，超级计算机中的每一个独立处理器被编程来模仿新皮质柱中的单个神经细胞，所以足够多的处理器被用来模仿新皮质柱中的许多的神经细胞。由此可见，在真的大脑中，一个新皮质柱包含大量的神经细胞。故选项D正确。2What does the underlined sentence “That_will_be_no_mean_feat” in Paragraph 5 indicate?AIt is rather difficult to connect the artificial nerve cells up.BThe function of chemical transmitters is hard to understand.CA digital representation of an entire column is timeconsuming.DA single nerve cell is complicated to identify across connections.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段第三句和第五段第二句可知，单一的神经细胞是复杂的，而每一个神经细胞与其他神经细胞之间的联系还有约10 000次，所以生物学家和电脑科学家将人造的神经细胞连接到一起是一件相当复杂的事情。故选项A符合题意。no mean feat为固定短语，意为“非常了不起；绝非易事”。3The fundamental purpose of doing the research is probably _.Ato simulate an entire human brain in silicoBto tell us how some certain disorders emergeCto discover how the artificial brain would workDto examine whether Moores Law is still functioning解析：选C细节理解题。根据第六段最后两句可知，最有意义的问题是这样的人造大脑是否是智能的或者有意识的，还是二者兼而有之。显然这个研究的根本目的是为了探索人造大脑将会有什么功能。故选项C正确。.阅读七选五Experiencing bad dreams every night can be frightening for anybody. Bad dreams can disturb sleep. _1_ Thats why one should take steps to stop them as soon as they happen every day.Studies have shown that when a person is under some sort of physical or mental stress, hes more likely to get bad dreams and disturbed sleep. _2_ For example, if youre overworked, learn to take things slow.Besides, an unpleasant experience that a person is unable to get over can make the person suffer from bad dreams. _3_ In such a case, receiving treatment and dealing with the unpleasant experience is the only way to stop bad dreams.Eating fatty and highprotein (高蛋白质的) foods is also known to cause bad dreams in some people. _4_ Taking a light dinner of soups and salads is the best, both for health and for stopping disturbed sleep in some cases._5_ For example, your bedroom should be the most comfortable place in the world. So remove all electronic equipment including televisions. In addition, if you have negative thoughts, it can have