2016_2017学年高中英语Unit6HelpingPeoplePeriodThreeGrammar练习.docx

Period ThreeGrammar & Writing语法精析一、被动语态的特殊结构形式1带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebabysitter.2有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为：Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3当“动词宾语宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将动词变为“be过去分词”形式，其余不动。Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为：Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4在使役动词have，make，let以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为：Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.注意含有“动词名词介词”(如makeuseof，payattentionto，takecareof等)的主动句变为被动句时，有两种方法：一是把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语；二是把固定动词短语中的名词变为被动句的主语。Youshouldpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.可改为：Yourpronunciationshouldbepaidattentionto.或Attentionshouldbepaidtoyourpronunciation.6构成被动语态的助动词除了be之外，还可用get。Hewasknockeddownbyacarandgotkilled.二、主动形式表示被动意义1英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物，后面常跟着一个副词。Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：Thedoorwontlock.这扇门锁不上。(指门本身有毛病)Thedoorwontbelocked.门不会锁的。(指“门没有锁”是人的原因)2系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词如feel，sound，taste，look，appear，seem，prove等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.3在need，want，require，deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired)4形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式。Thepicturebookiswellworthreading.5动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.(todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：Illgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted？(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)6在某些“形容词不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout前省略了forme)7在too.to.结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。Thisbookistooexpensive (forme) tobuy.即时跟踪1将用被动语态改写下列句子(1)Theygavemealotofhelp.Iwasgivenalotofhelp(bythem)/Alotofhelpwasgiventome(bythem)(2)Myfatherboughtmeamobilephone.Iwasboughtamobilephonebymyfather./Amobilephonewasboughtformebymyfather.(3)Isawmanychildrenplayingontheplayground.Manychildrenwereseenplayingontheplayground.(4)Heorderedmetofinishtheworkinanhour.Iwasorderedtofinishtheworkinanhour.(5)Wecanturnoilintoenergybyburningit.Oilcanbeturnedintoenergybybeingburned.2单句改错(1)Mydeskmateoftenmakessomesillymistakesandislaughedbytherestoftheclass.laughed后加at(2)Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourhometown.去掉been(3)Themissinggirlwaslastseenplaynearthegarden.playplaying(4)Abookwasgivenhimasagift.him前加to(5)Thehouseisbelongedtomygrandfather.isbelongedbelongs3用所给词的适当形式完成短文LinGuangzhaoisastudentatShenzhenYucaiSchool.Thesedays，whenhearrivesatorleavesschool，hisparentsknowitatonce.(1)IsLinbeingwatched(watch) byhisparents?ThesecretisasmallcardLinuses.Thebluecard (2)looks(look) likenothingspecial，butitsactuallyasmartcard.Linsname，studentnumber，bloodtypeandhispicture (3)havebeen/areprinted(print) onit.“Whenkidspunchthecard(打卡) attheschoolgate，acellphonemessage (4)willbesent(send) totheirparents，”explainsaschoolsecurityguard(保安)“Themessageislike：DearMumandDad，I (5)havearrived(arrive)”Thesesmartcards (6)havebeenused(use) inabout10Shenzhenschoolssofar.Schools (7)hope(hope) thecard (8)willmake(make) studentssafer.Thecard (9)hasbeenwelcomed(welcome) byallparentsbutsomestudentssinceitwasused.SomestudentslikeMaiMin,16，areuncomfortableaboutthecards.“Iusedtoplaysportsafterschool.Butnowwiththecard，Ihavetocallmyparentstotellthemaboutiteverytime.IfeelthatI (10)havebeencontrolled(control) bythecard.”高考链接.用所给词的适当形式填空1Inmyhometown，thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheathasbeencut(cut)(2015重庆，3)2Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy，butwasheld(hold) backthankfullybytheshopwindow.(2015湖南，32)3Therearestillmanyproblemstobesolved (solve) beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(2014北京，28)4Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted (promote)，Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.(2014安徽，32)5Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway，thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstayingconnected(connect)(2014福建，30)6Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore，hecangoshoppingwithoutbeingrecognized (recognize)(2014北京，35)7Wevehadagoodstart，butnext，moreworkneedstobedone/doing (do) toachievethefinalsuccess.(2012湖南，21)8Foodsuppliesinthefloodstrickenareaarerunningout (runout)Wemustactimmediatelybeforetheresleft.(2012重庆，27)9Thismachineisveryeasytooperate (operate)Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.(2012辽宁，29)10Mum，IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilIgetpaid (pay) onFriday.(2012辽宁，35).单句改错(每小题仅有一处错误)1TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.(2013新课标全国，短文改错)drankdrunk2NowmyfriendAnn，togetherwithme，isgoingtodofieldstudyandthefindingswillbeuseasmaterialsforourresearch. (2012重庆，短文改错)useused常用句式1Thankyouverymuch.2Thanksalot.3Manythanks.4Thankyouforyourhelp.5Iappreciateyourhelp.6Thanksforlistening.7Itsverykindofyou (tohelpme)8Itsmostthoughtfulofyou.9IdontknowhowIcanthankyouenough.10Manythanksforyourcominghere.典例展示假设你是李华，作为选派的交流生在美国某中学学习了一年，其间寄住在Mr.Brown家里，现在刚回到国内。回国后你发现自己的一本英语词典遗忘在他家，因此需要给他写一封信，请他帮助寄回词典。信的主要内容如下：1感谢在美国期间他所提供的帮助；2一本英语词典忘记带回；3词典是美国老师送的，非常珍贵；4词典很可能丢在卧室的书架上；5邮资自己付。注意：1.词数100左右；2信的格式已给出，不计入总词数。DearMr.Brown，Yours，LiHua参考词汇：邮资postage联想词汇1帮某人一个忙dosb.afavor2把遗漏leave.behind佳作背诵DearMr.Brown，Imnowsafelybackhome.ThankyouverymuchforallthekindnessIgotfromyouduringmystay.Hopeeverythingisfinewithyouthere.NowIwonderwhetheryoucoulddomeafavor.WhenIcameback，IsuddenlyrealizedthatIhadleftmyEnglishdictionarybehindinyourhome.ItisaratherpreciousgiftthatmyAmericanteachergavetome.Wouldyoupleasebesokindtosenditbacktome? Illpayforthepostage.ThedictionarymustbeonthebookshelfinthebedroomIlivedin.Itistheonewitharedcover.Thankyouagainandgivemybestregardstoyourfamily.Yours，LiHua.用被动语态合并下列句子1Theteammembershavetoworktogether.Thatswhatthebosstoldthem.Theteammembersweretoldtoworktogether.2Theoldmanwaswanderingaroundthestreets.Thepolicefoundhim.Theoldmanwasfoundwanderingaroundthestreets.3Theworkershaveacceptedlowerwages.Thecompanyhaspersuadedthem.Theworkershavebeenpersuadedtoacceptlowerwages.4Twoyoungmenwerefighting.Wesawthem.Twoyoungmenwereseenfighting.5Thevictimsmaytakelegalaction.Thatswhattheirlawyershaveadvisedthem.Thevictimshavebeenadvisedtotakelegalaction.6Thechildrenhadtopickupallthelitter.Theteachermadethemdoit.Thechildrenweremadetopickupallthelitter.7Thewomanwassmugglingcigarettesintothecountry.Customsofficerscaughther.Thewomanwascaughtsmugglingcigarettesintothecountry.8Therefugeescantgetajob.Thegovernmentwontletthem.Therefugeesarentallowedtogetajob.阅读理解A“Toanotherlittlegirl.”Thatswhat3yearoldArianaofWinterport，MainesaidwhenherfatherJoshSmithaskedwhereherdonated(捐赠的) hairwasgoingtogo.Itwasthenthatthedadoftworealizedhisyoungdaughterhadaheartthatwastoobigforwords.“Irunacharity(慈善机构) calledExtraLifewhereIplayvideogamestohelpraisemoneyforkids，”hesaid.“Arianahappenedtobesittingnexttomewhenavideowasplaying，showingalittlegirlwhowasbald，lyinginahospitalbedwithtubesinher.”Whentheirdaughtergotcurious，SmithandhiswifeCrystalexplainedhowmedicinemadethechildinthevideoloseherhair.“Withoutasecondthought，Arianasaid，Oh，well，shecanhavesomeofmyhair，”Smithsaid，“Thatswhenmywifetoldmethattherearemanyorganizationsthatwecoulddonateitto.”TheSmithschose“LocksofLove”tosendArianasgenerousgifttoachildwithmedicalhairloss.Aweeklater，Arianawastakentothefamilyhairdresserwhere10incheswascutfromherhair.“Itwasherfirsthaircut，”SmithtoldABCNews.“Shecouldbesoselflesslikethat.Herfirstreaction(反应) isHowaboutmegivingupsomethingthatIhave，soalittlegirlcanfeelpretty？”Smithpostedhisdaughtersmovinggestureonhispersonalwebpage，whereithasreceivedalmost645,000viewsinjusttwodays.“Shelltakeanadultlikeapproach(方式) anditsreallyamazing，”Smithsaid.“Sheisjustalittlekid，butifsheseessomebodyinneed，shecertainlycaresforthem.ThismadeArianafeelspecialandshedcertainlyliketodoitagain.”9WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJoshSmith?ABrave.BEasygoing.CWarmhearted.DDetermined.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Irunacharity(慈善机构) calledExtraLifewhereIplayvideogamestohelpraisemoneyforkids，hesaid.”可知JoshSmith管理着一个慈善机构，因此他应该是一个热心的人。故选C。10Arianadecidedtodonateherhairwhen.AherfatheradvisedhertodosoBshesawasickgirlinavideoCshehadherfirsthaircutDshevisitedahospital答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Arianahappenedtobesittingnexttomewhenavideowasplaying，showingalittlegirlwhowasbald.”以及第三段首句“Withoutasecondthought，Arianasaid，Oh，well，shecanhavesomeofmyhair，”可知，当Ariana在一个视频当中看到一个生病的女孩时，她立即就想捐献自己的头发。故选B。11WhatdoweknowaboutAriana?AShesufferedmedicalhairloss.BHerstorydrewwideattentiononline.CShegotlittlesupportfromherparents.DShehascalledonpeopletodonatehairlikeher.答案B解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Smithpostedhisdaughtersmovinggestureonhispersonalwebpage，whereithasreceivedalmost645,000viewsinjusttwodays.”可知，Ariana的故事在网上引起了广泛的关注。故选B。BWongFukwing，aHongKongvolunteer(志愿者) atanorphanage(孤儿院) inYushu，waskilledintheearthquakewhenhewastryingtosaveothersonApril14,2010.Wongmanagedtorunsafelyoutofthebuildingwithsomechildrenwhenthefirstquakehappenedat7：50amonApril14，buthewentbackinsidetorescuethreeotherchildrenandthreeteachersinside，althoughheknewthedangerofaftershocks(余震)At10am，allthechildrenandoneoftheteachersweresaved.However，Wongwasburiedunderthefallenbuildinganddied.Theothertwoteacherswerestillwaitingtoberescued.46yearoldWongwasatruckdriver，whooftensaidhecouldonlygivehiseffortstocharity(慈善) insteadofmoney，ashedidnotearnalot.Histragic(悲剧的) endtouchedtheheartsofmanypeoplebothinHongKongandonthemainland.Wongbeganvolunteeringin2002.In2003，Wongwastoldbythedoctorhegotseriousillness，whichgavehimagreatblow.However，theillnessdidnotdeterthewarmheartedman.WhentheearthquakestruckWenchuaninSichuanProvincein2008，WongrushedtothedisasterareaofShifangtoofferhishelpthoughhisfamilydidnotwanthimtogo.Infact，QinghaiisaplaceWonghadoftenvisitedsince2006.Asavolunteer，hegaveoutmedicineandclothingtotheorphanagethere.NoonecouldexpectthatWongwoulddiehelpingothers.HongKongChiefSecretaryHenryTangYingyensaidhehad“thehighestrespect”fortheherowhogavehislifeforothers.“WhathedidhasshowntheHongKongspirit.”ThecitizensofHongKongcalledhim“theprideofHongKongspeople”andpeopleonthemainlandhavealsopraisedhimas“atruehero”12Wongdiedintheearthquake.AafterhesentmedicineandclothingtotheorphanageBwhenhereturnedtosavetheteachersandstudentsCbecausehesufferedfromhisseriousillnessagainDasthefirstearthquakehappened答案B解析细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“.buthewentbackinsidetorescuethreeotherchildrenandthreeteachersinside.”和第三段中的“.Wongwasburiedunderthefallenbuildinganddied.”可知选B项。13Theunderlinedword“deter”inPara.5refersto“”ApreventBrefuseCbeatDencourage答案A解析词义猜测题。由第五段中的“WhentheearthquakestruckWenchuaninSichuanProvincein2008，WongrushedtothedisasterareaofShifangtoofferhishelp.”可以看出严重的疾病也未能阻止他去汶川地震灾区当一名志愿者。14WhyaresomanypeopledeeplymovedbythestoryofWong?AHealwaysofferedmoneytotheorphanage.BHefoughtagainsthisillnessbravely.CHehelpedtheorphanagethoughbeingpoor.DHeputotherpeopleslivesabovehisown.答案D解析推理判断题。通读全文可知香港义工黄福荣在玉树地震中为救被困群众而献出了自己宝贵的生命，由此可看出他把别人的生命看得高于自己，故选D项。15WhichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribeWongaccordingtothepassage?AHonestandselfsatisfactory.BWarmheartedandselfless.CProudandselfcentered.DCapableandhardworking.答案B解析推理判断题。阿福从2002年开始做义工，不顾自身疾病参与汶川地震和玉树地震的援救工作，并在玉树地震中献出了生命。从他的事迹不难看出，阿福是一个热心而无私的人。.语法填空Bruce：Hello，ZhouLan.ThisisBruce.Excusemeforringingyousolate，butIveonlyjustgothome.ZhouLan：ThatsOK.Bruce：Iwouldliketoaskyouaboutsomestamps.Doyoustillhavethecockyearstamp？Youhadit16.whenIsawyoulasttime.ZhouLan：ImafraidIdonthaveit17.anymore.I18.sold(sell) itlastweek.Bruce：Oh！Whatapity!ZhouLan：Imsorry.Ididntknowyouwantedit.What19.ashame!Bruce：Itdoesnt20.matter.Ionlydecidedtogetonetoday.21.ItisapitythatIdidntthinkofitearlier.ZhouLan：Doyouwantme22.tofind(find) oneforyou?Bruce：Yes，please.Thatwouldbekind23.ofyou.Ihavebeenworkingsohardrecently24.thatIhaventhadanytimeforcollectingnewstamps.ZhouLan：OK.IwillringyouifI25.have(have) anynews.Bruce：Thanksverymuch.Bye.ZhouLan：Goodbye.短文改错Iamsorryyouarehavingtroublemakefriends.However，thesituationwillbeeasytochangeifyoutakemyadvice.Hereissometipstohelpyou.First，whynotgoingandtalktopeople？Iagreethatthisisdifficultatfirst，butifyoudothis，Iamsureyouwillsoonhaveanewfriend.Second，youcanbeginatalkbyaskabouttheirlikesanddislikes，becauseo