2010中考专项复习语法解读.ppt

2010中考专项复习,解读中考指导用书 （词法和句法）,关注考试说明中的关键点：,一、考试性质 既注重考查英语基础知识和基本技能； 更注重考查综合运用英语的能力； 特别是运用英语解决实际问题的能力。 二、考试范围 课标“五级目标”的要求、牛津教材6册书,关注考试说明中的关键点：,三、考试目标 1、课标“五级目标”规定的知识和能力要求 2、双向细目表（课标、教材划定的具体的知识点和能级要求） 四、考试方式 听说人机对话+笔试 五、试卷结构 满分120分 （听说人机对话：24分；笔试分值：96分） 笔试时间120分钟,关注考试说明中的关键点：,六、考试要求 认真研究双向细目表中“知识点”和“能级要求” 能级要求：识记、理解、应用 识记：辨认学习过的知识 理解：领会所给语言要素和材料的含义 (过去完成时、补语、定语从句） 应用：运用已学的知识解决语言交际情景 中的问题,五级目标阅读的要求,1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的能力； 2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系 3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事情节的发展和可能的结局； 4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料； 5、能根据不同的的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息； 6、能利用字典等工具书进行学习； 7、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上,五级目标写的要求,1、能根据写作要求，收集、准备素材; 2、能独立起草短文、短信等； 3、能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系； 4、能简单描述人物或事件； 5、能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明,阅读理解采用的题型：,阅读短文，正误判断 阅读短文，选择最佳答案 阅读短文，根据要求完成任务 阅读短文，首字母填空,书面表达采用的题型：,根据提示的要点，写一篇80词左右的短文 根据所给的图画和提示用语 根据所给的图画和英文开头提示 根据对话或短文及范文，模仿写作 文章续写,一. 词法,名词 冠词 代词 数词,形容词 副词 介词 连词 动词,名词,1、可数名词及其单复数 2、不可数名词 3、专有名词 4、名词所有格,可数名词及其单复数,tomatoes/potatoes/heroes/mangoes (mangos) radios/photos/pianos/kilos/bamboos/studios beaches (stomachs) foot-feet tooth-teeth boot-boots bamboo shoot - bamboo shoots humans/ Walkmans/ Germans fish/goldfish /sheep/Chinese(单复数同形) one fish two fish,可数名词及其单复数,只用复数形式的名词(clothes/goods) 集体名词（people/police/autience) 既用作可数又用作不可数的名词(exercise/work/fur) 复合词中的名词(11-year-old/ a 20-minute ride) 用作定语的名词 ( shoe shops / appple trees)(sports meeting) (women doctors/ men teachers),不可数名词,常用的易混淆的不可数名词( news ) (music、weather、 fun、peace 、knowledge、 health、 energy、 traffic、advice) 不可数名词的表达 some /much/ little/ milk a bottle of milk an hour of homework two hours of TV a moment of fear,专有名词,人名、地名、国名、语言名、 物品名( Walkman/ Coke ) 大小写和冠词问题 （the Great Wall of China) Shanghai World Expo 2010=The 2010 Shanghai World Expo ),名词所有格,人名/称谓 + s + (名词) 多用于表示有生命的东西 表示时间距离等 New Years Day five minutes walk (a five-minute walk) in a few years time=in a few years 名词 + of +名词 多用于表示无生命的东西,名词所有格,表示两个共有的 表示各自拥有的 复数名词构成的所有格 以s结尾的复数名词 the Teenagers Magazine/ Teachers Day 不是以s结尾的复数名词 Childrens Day,双重所有格,a +名词+of + s所有格 a friend of my fathers a +名词+of +名词性物主代词 a friend of mine,中考指导用书( P.7-8),比较全面、注重基础。 增补：1、名词作主语与谓语动词的搭配 例如：1）a number of, the number of The number of teachers in this school _(be) 200 hundred. A large number of visitors _(come) here to visit our school tomorrow. 2）Tom with his parents _(watch) TV at home now. 3） A plant, like people and animals _(need) sunshine and water. 2、词性转换： 动词名词 形容词-名词 (winner/ operation /visitor/beauty,difficulty,importance),冠词,定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法 (特指；第二次提到；乐器；独一无二的名词） 使用定冠词的几种情况 the old/young/rich/poor/bind/deaf/ disabled/elderly/homeless 不用冠词的几种情况 New Year the Dragon-boat Festival in spring (in the spring of 1998) I like physics and maths.,难度和广度把握较好，着重基本用法 缺少 a second day; one of the most popular；the first to come等,可补充少量此类训练题 可考题型:单项选择、完型填空,代词,人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 指示代词 不定代词 疑问代词,人称代词 & 物主代词,记住形式、正确区分 人称代词 Simon sits between you and me. These books belong to us. He teaches us English.,反身代词,反身代词作动词和介词宾语 help oneself enjoy oneself hurt oneself dress oneself teach oneself learn by oneself say to oneself devote oneself to came to oneself lose oneself in,不定代词,each & every both & all (a) few & (a) little many & much other & the other & others & the others & another no & none none & nobody & nothing one & it some & any (some 用在请求的疑问句；any 用在肯定句） every one & everyone somebody something anybody anything (either 与 neither 教材没有出现，课标有）,指示代词,用于打电话：Whos that speaking ? This is Tom speaking. 在比较级中，that和those可以替代相同的比较事物，避免重复。 The weather in Nanjing is hotter than that in Beijing. The radios made in China are better than those in Japan.,疑问代词,英语中的疑问代词：who whom whose what which 中指( P9-10 ) 难度不大、覆盖面较广； 缺“疑问代词”的练习； 需补充“不定代词”的练习。 可考题型:除阅读理解外，都能考。,数词 (基数词 & 序数词),考查重在拼写 基数词中的 forty、ninety 序数词中的 ninth (9th) 基数词到序数词的转变 hundred 、thousand 、million 基数词和序数词(在生活中的)运用：时间(时刻/年代/世纪)、日期、编号、楼层等 分数不做重点要求,中指( P. 1 ),题目不多、覆盖面广； 难度适中、考点较全。 可补充：in the 1990s in the 18th century come first 11-year-old boy,形容词和副词,形容词的基本用法 作定语 作表语 作宾语补足语 比较级和最高级,形容词的基本用法,只能用作表语的形容词 (划线的词) alone/lonely alive/living afraid/frightened 易和副词混淆的形容词 lovely friendly lonely lively weekly daily 形容词后置 修饰不定代词(something important) else 修饰不定代词和疑问词,形容词的基本用法,相关的构词法 常见形容词的后缀 (- ful; less; -y ) sunny foggy stormy rainy windy snowy frosty cloudy lucky healthy sleepy noisy guilty 含有否定意义的前缀(in、 im、 un、dis、ir) incorrect(ly) incomplete,比较级和最高级,掌握基本句型 比较的程度副词：even 、 far much 、a little 、a bit 注意同类事物进行比较 asas (not soas) 补充特殊句型： more and more; the more, the more,副词的基本用法,频度副词的基本用法（sometimes hardly seldom once) 方式副词的基本用法( badly carefully along) 程度副词的基本用法 very quite so such really rather too enough He is a very good boy. (quite a good boy) such an interesting book (so interesting a book) enough 形容词和副词同一形式的词 early late fast high hard straight wide,副词的构成:,-ly : loudly; beautifully ; hopefully 去y加-ily : happy noisy (happily) (noisily) e true truly terrible/gentle/simple 去e加y nice nicely/politely/safely/widely,中指(P12-14),比较全面，有些超范围、老教材痕迹较严重的内容已删掉。 大部分题目与语境结合 要补充： 1）副词练习，特别是频度副词和程度副词 2）易混淆的形容词( alive, live, living 等） 3）形容词作宾补（find sb. dead/ openwide/ keepclosed),介词,表示方位的介词 表示时间的介词 ( in /on /at ) 移动介词 易混淆的几组介词 常用的一些介词 介词短语( 要积累，三、四大题要记忆）,易混淆的几组介词,across & through & past between & among betweenand & from to as & like near& by& beside& next to,易混淆的几组介词,after & later & in behind（位置） & after（时间） in front of & before on & over & above below & under except & including & beyond,常见多义的介词,for buy sth. for sb. /use for doing What for ? for a long time Overeating is bad for your health. Its + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. Its + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.,常见多义的介词,with We live in a house with many trees around. He is satisfied with her answers. He often goes shopping with his mother. Paul opened the back door with a knife.,常见多义的介词,in in the morning in the park You look nice in white. the men in police uniform Can you say it in English? He is weak in maths. I am in trouble.,常见多义的介词,by by bus by the fire by sb. by the year 2100 by doing sth. by hand /by machine Whats the time by your watch ?,介词短语,作状语(时间、地点、原因、方式等) He with his friends often plays together. I arrived at school, out of breath. 作表语 作定语（后置） The picture on the wall is very beautiful. This is a train for Nanjing.,中指( P.15-16),稍偏简单，重复题目和固定短语多 缺少重点易混淆的介词 新教材上出现的一些介词用法涉及不够 by the year 2100 ；by doing sth. including, beyond, except, through, throughout, without, within, past etc.,动词,动词的基本形式 系动词 及物动词和不及物动词 助动词 情态动词,动词,谓语动词 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 现在完成时 过去进行时 过去完成时（理解） 过去将来时（课标理解） 非谓语动词 情态动词,谓语动词,动词的五种形式 动词的时态 (6种) (关键词、谓语构成、在书面表达中的运用） 一般现在时表示将来 现在进行时表示将来 时间、条件状语从句中的时态 现在完成时中的短暂动词与延续性动词,谓语动词,动词的语态 (重点：结构和理解) 1）一般现在时被动语态 2）一般过去时被动语态 3）将来时被动语态 4）情态动词被动语态 5）现在完成时被动语态 补充：1）不能用被动语态的词 2）主动语态省to;被动语态加to 的词,非谓语动词,动词不定式: to do 否定形式：not to do 疑问词 +动词不定式做宾语:what to do ( 9A U3 ) 表达命令、请求或建议: tell sb. to do sth. ( 8A U6 ) 归纳不带to 的不定式（主动语态） let sb. do sth make sb. do sth see sb. do sth watch sb. do sth hear sb. do sth had better do sth why not do? would rather do Would you please do sth.?,只能接-ing形式:,be busy doing sth. have difficulty doing sth. have a great time doing sth. dislike doing sth. finish doing sth. mind doing sth. enjoy doing hate doing,只能接-ing形式:,practice doing sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth. keep doing sth spend doing sth. There is sb./sth. doing. be worth doing sth,后接to do/doing 意思相同,like to do/doing sth love to do/doing sth. start to do/doing sth. begin to do/doing sth. 后接to do/doing 意思不同 stop to do sth & stop doing sth remember /forget （教材没有，课标有）,固定搭配中的“to ”用做介词,look forward to ( doing ) pay attention to (doing) be/get used to (doing) devote to (doing) prefer (doing) to (doing) 注意： see /hear /watch sb. do/doing的区别,过去分词,The man called Jack lost his life in the traffic accident. They found the boy named Tom at last. We shouldnt buy the clothes made of animals fur. I like watching the films directed by Zhang Yimou.,情态动词,基本用法 表示“可能性”和“允许” 表示“建议”,基本用法,can: 能 may: 可以 must: 必须; 应当 need: 需要 should：应该 ought to：应当,can & be able to may be & maybe Must.? must & have to neednt do need to do,表示“可能性” (7B U5) 和 “允许” ( 9B U1),may must can could might,表示“建议” (7B U6/9A U5),语气委婉地提出建议 should , ought to , had better 语气强烈地提出建议 have to , must,中指: ( P.18- P.21),题目的数量和质量略好于09年，但情态动词题目