我对我使用的不同英语变体突然特别敏感.ppt

Extensive ReadingUnits 7&8,Book II,Unit 7, Reading Course 2 College English Reading Course Book IINov. 2002, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,19. Difficult language points in the text (Mother Tongue),1.Recently, I was made keenly aware of the different Englishes I do use. (L.10) 最近，我对我使用的不同英语变体突然特别敏感。 2. it has become our language of intimacy, a different sort of English that relates to family talk, the language I grew up with. (L.35) 它已经成了我们之间私下常用的语言，一种与家人之间交谈有关的不同的英语，也是伴随我成长的语言。,3. Du Yusong having business like fruit stand. Like off the street kind. (L.48) 杜月笙摆一个水果摊，好像街边的那种。 4. But I do think that the language spoken in the family, especially in immigrant families which are more insular, plays a large role in shaping the language of the child.(L.83) 但是我的确认为，在家庭里所说的语言在孩子语言的形成过程中起了很大的作用，尤其是在那些比较与世隔绝的移民家庭中。,5. you should know that my mothers expressive command of English belies how much she actually understands.(L.90) 你要知道我母亲对英语的生动使用使人以为她懂得不多。,20. Difficult Sentences (A View of the “Sex Bias” Pronoun in Writing),1.Gradually role alternative to housewife and mother became acceptable; increasing numbers of women chose careers over families.(L15) 逐渐地，家庭主妇和母亲之外的角色开始变得可以接受；越来越多的妇女选择事业而不是家庭。 2.As awareness of women as equal members of society increased, this combined pronoun became fashionable and in some cases was considered mandatory.(L22) 随着越来越多的人认识到妇女是同等的社会成员，这种联合代词成了一种时髦，而且在某种情况下还是必须用的。,3.While it is true that the prevalence of the combined pronoun usage is indicative of the strength of the womens movement, the usage itself does lip service to the movement without contributing anything of substance.(L44) 虽然这种联合代词的普遍使用表明了妇女运动的力量，但这种用法本身只是口头上支持妇女运动， 而没有做出任何实质性的贡献。,4.Ideas are a more accurate communication of a writers prejudices and positions than are his choices of pronouns.(L82) 作者的思想比他所选用的代词更能够准确表达他的偏见和立场。,21. Difficult language points (Language: A Reflection of Life in the US),dumb cluck hamburger sleigh stoop bush portage,redeo lariat sombrero Jukebox jazz cache,2. Difficult language points: Borrowed words,Extensive ReadingUnits 7&8, Book II,Geographical terms: creek, gulch, gully, dry run, bluff, foothill, continental divide Animals and plants: squash, hickory, land office business, stamping ground, prairie schooner Terms in travel: milk train, jerkwater Political activities: lame duck, dark horse, carpetbagger From sports: carry the ball, the first base, strike out,2. Difficult language points: Coined words,Reading Quiz for Unit 7,Decide whether the following statements are true or false.,1.By “all the Englishes” the author means the different dialects of English in the U.S.(Mother Tongue). 2.The authors mother used the kind of English which can best be described as broken. (Mother Tongue),3.According to the author, the language used in immigrant families belies how much the child actually understands. (Mother Tongue) 4.When the author was growing up, she believed that her mothers English reflected her thought. (Mother Tongue),5.It can be inferred that more and more women are turning against getting married and having children.(Sex Bias) 6.It is popular and in some cases required to use the combined pronoun. (Sex Bias),7.The author usually addresses the content of the writing and judges whether a writer has a sex bias. (Sex Bias) 8.English is the language of the U.S. because the majority of the inhabitants are of British origin. (Language),9.Borrowings from other languages took place primarily as a result of contacts with American Indians. (Language) 10.Terms used in politics in America sometimes have a picturesque or metaphoric quality.(Language),Key to the quiz 15 F T F T F 610 F T F F T,Key to exercises- Passage 19,I. 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.B II.1.我花很多时间思考语言的力量它如何激起某种情绪，引发某种视觉形象，某种复杂的思想或简单的真理。 2.就在上个星期，当我和母亲一起沿着街道走时，我再次发现自己在关注我所使用的英语，我和她在一起时所使用的英语。 3.我一直感到烦恼的是，除了用“破碎的”一词之外，我实在想不出别的什么词来描述妈妈所说的英语，好像它是受到损坏需要修理的，好像它缺少某种整体性和完美性。 4.尽管我的英语技能从未被认为有欠缺，但与数学相比，英语可不能算我的强项。,Key to the Reading-skill Exercises,1. The experience of enjoying watermelon. 2. The watermelon sunning; telling if it is ripe; the melon cooling in a tub of water; the children standing around; the cutting; the sight of meat and seeds; the eating 3. We go through all the steps from the cooling through the serving to the eating,Key to exercises- Passage 20,I. 1. T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.T II. 1.When her mother taught her the role of wife and mother, the writer didnt like it, but she didnt reject it, either. She just thought that she was different. Later, when she learned about the womens movement, she was pleased that there were other women like her, so she began to accept the other roles and to support the movement.,2. As the womens movement came to its high tide, it became fashionable to use the combined pronoun. Some people consider such a usage as a way to recognize women as equal members of society, and if a writer doesnt use it, he feels obliged to explain it to the reader. 3. Proponents of the use “he/she” believe that this combined pronoun represents a neutral pronoun. They assert that it assists the reader by making clear something that was obviously fuzzy and believe that the usage represents a fair attitude toward women and hence will not be labeled “sexism”. 4. No. They are moving away from the usage for some of the reasons listed in the text. 5. Actually, whether or not a writer is biased would be determined by addressing the content of his writing.,III. 1. role alternatives to-choices of role models 可选择的角色 2. identified with-to side with, support支持 3. the prevalent usage-the common usage普遍的用法 4. indicative of-as the sign of表明 5. hinders rather than helps妨碍而不是帮助 6. can even be insultinghumiliating甚至可能带有侮辱性 7. floundering in a swamp-struggling在沼泽地里挣扎 8. irrespective of不管,Key to exercises- Passage 21,I. 1.A 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.A II. 1.据说人们思考是以说话开始的，而说话则是以思考为结束的，因为语言和文化很有趣的交织在一起。 2. 然而，尽管英国英语与美国英语共享一个语法体系，两者只有一些细微的差别，而且主要表现在口语层次上，美国英语的词汇还是在诸多方面赋予它鲜明的特色。 3.最初定居者到达北美大陆后，看到种种不同于家乡的地理特征，不断发现未见过的动植物，而人们也从事各种新的活动，发展新的兴趣。 4. 这种形象的或隐喻的特性可以从与美国生活有关的其他一些不断发上看出来。,Extensive ReadingUnits 7&8,Book II,Unit 8, Reading Course 2 College English Reading Course Book IINov. 2002, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,Passage 22. Difficult Language Points (The Disintegrating Web),1. Had the temperature cooled another two or three degrees, ice sheets advancing from each pole would have met and joined, wiping virtually all life off the planet.(L8) 假如平均气温再降低二至三度，从两极延伸过来的冰层可能已经连接起来，把地球上几乎所有的生命都消灭掉。 2. At various times, glaciers, volcanoes, and perhaps even meteors and comets have razed the planet, contributing to the obliteration of countless species.(17) 在不同的时期，冰川火山，甚至流星和彗星都曾经破坏过地球，导致了无数物种的消灭。,Passage 22. The Disintegrating Web-The Causes and Consequences of Extinction,3. We are at this moment facing an ecological catastrophe unequaled in the history of the Earth.(L25) 目前，我们正面临地球历史上一次从来没有过的生态灾难。 4. We lose more species each day, and with each species ,a universe of hidden posssibilities.(L65) 每一天我们都失去更多的物种，而随着每一种物种的消失，我们也失去了所有未知的可能性。,Passage 22. The Disintegrating Web-The Causes and Consequences of Extinction,5. One of our most important defenses against such misfortune is to reinvigorate domestic strains by hybridizing them with their wild cousins.(L73) 我们防范张直部下的嘴主要方法之一就是把已经驯化了的品种和野兽的同类进行杂交，使它们恢复生命力。,Passage 23: Difficult Language Points (A Scientific Fable),1. Time on the screen will thus seem to move at the rate of 24 years per second; 1440 years per minute; 86400 years per hour; approximately two million years per day; and sixty-two million years per month（L20） 这样，屏幕上的时间就好像以每秒24年的速度过去，一分钟就是86400年，一天大约就是两百万年，每个月就是6200万年。 2. As the picture runs on into December it will show the mammals in command of the animal life. (L50) 随着影片播放到12月，它将播放出哺乳动物世界的场面。,Passage 23: Difficult Language Points (A Scientific Fable),3. A human swarm will sweep across the face of the continent and take it away from thered men. (L84) 一大群人将从大陆（北美大陆）的表面横扫而过，把它从红种人那儿夺过来。 4. Man-creatures will be shown counting their wealth in terms of bits of printed paper representing other bits of a scarce but comparatively useless yellow metal that is kept buried in strong vaults. (L104) 将会看到人这种动物以一张张印 的纸片来计算他们的财富，这些纸片代表了保存在坚固的地下室了的另一些稀少但是相对没有用的黄金金属块。,Passage 24: Difficult Language Points (In New York, Taking a Breath of Fear),1. Tabbs insurance company wont pay to clean his apartment of dust and asbestos until his landlord cleans up the buildings ventilation system. (L23) 塔布的保险公司在他的房东清洁大楼的通风系统之前不愿意支付清除他房间的灰尘和石棉的费用。 2. Last week four Port Authority police officers were reassigned from the site after they tested positive for elevated mercury levels in their blood. （L51） 上个星期，四名港口区的警官在被检测出血液中的水银含量升高以后被调离现场。,3. And special floor mats have been installed at the entryways to prevent students from tracking dust. (L96) 在入口处安放了专门的地板地毡，以防止学生把灰尘带进来。 4. Doctors note that some symptoms could be caused or enhanced by stress-and many will undoubtedly dissipate as the last smoldering fires go out and the air grows clearer.(L104) 医生们说某些症状可能由紧张引起或增强-随着最后的还在闷烧的火熄灭和空气变清洁，许多症状毫无疑问会减轻。,Key to Exercises-Unit 8,Passage 22. The Disintegrating Web-The Causes and Consequences of Extinction Passage 23: “But a Watch in the Night”: A Scientific Fable Passage 24: In New York, Taking a Breath of Fear,Key to Exercises Passage 22. The Disintegrating Web,I. 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.D 6.B II. 1. 在一层冰凉的积雪覆盖下，冰层积累到几千英尺厚，然后在自身重量的作用下开始移动，严寒夏天的边缘一点一点地向赤道推进。 2 除非可能发生核战争-这样大量的物种灭绝可能是人类有史以来面临的最严峻的威胁。,3 有些分子太复杂不便人工制作，有些分子制作起来花费太高，因此如果我们想直接受益于各种物种，物种本身就必须得到保护。 4 动物园园圃种子库以及其它各种为保护单个物种建立的场所可以起到至关重要的帮助作用，但因为人力物力限制，我们不可能面面俱到。 Key to the Reading Skills 1.D 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A,Key to Exercises of Passage 23. A Scientific Fable,I. 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.A II. 1. The Copernicans were imagined human-like creatures inhabiting the imaginary planet called Copernicus, which is actually the name of a Polish astronomer. 2. The picture will be desolate and dreary in the first months, without much to be seen. Because the universe was at its beginning stage, and the Earth was just forming. 3.The spectators will become alarmed in the fear that man has somehow been left out. They have been watching the film for months but still they dont see any signs of man.,4. The civilization of human beings only occupies the last five or six minutes of the film, as compared to the long history of the earth, which runs the duration of a whole year. 5. They have caused great damage to the Earth by cutting down and burning the trees, depriving the soil of its protective cover. They have impoverished the land and created pollution. They have plundered its wealth.,Key to Exercises of Passage 24. Taking a Breath of Fear,I. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.T II. 1 几次独立的测试结果发现，从他公寓门庭的一根头发口进入的灰尘里含有的石棉市有关部门建议的可建设标准的555倍，但市政当局对这些检测结果仍有异议。 2 但是人们对于曼哈顿下区空气中漂浮的有毒物质仍十分担心。不仅如此，人们对于美国环保局和其他政府机构也心存疑虑，因为他们没有就存在的危险给居民提出充分或及时的警告。,3 这主要是对于危害最烈的中心所存在物质的前所未见和不明确的性质的担心。 4 但是莱文和其他人担心，释放到市中心空气中