7B英语知识点(自整理).doc

7B 英语知识点（U1U8）初一（5）班 张沐7B 英语知识点（自整理） U1 初一（5）班 张沐7BUnit 1 Dream homes知识点【词形转换】wood n. wooden adj.child n. children pron.quiet adj.quietly adv.quite adv. 相当地 quiet adj. 安静的print v. printer n.worry v. 担心worried adj.担心的littlelessleast many/much moremostown(adj./v.) owner (n.)Britainn. 不列颠British adj. 不列颠的France n. 法国French n. 法语 adj.法国的Japan n.日本Japanese n. adj.日本的Russia n. 俄罗斯Russian n. 俄语、俄罗斯人 adj.俄罗斯的【词汇】1. 国家、人民、语言CountryPeople(pl.)LanguageChinaChineseChineseThe UKthe English/ EnglishmenEnglishThe USAAmericansEnglishRussiaRussiansRussianFrancethe French/ FrenchmenFrenchAustraliaAustraliansEnglishCanadaCanadiansEnglish / FrenchJapanJapaneseJapanese2. capitalThe capital of the USA is Washington D.C.the capital of e.g. Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu Province.The capital of China is Beijing.3. own(adj.自己的/v.拥有) owner (n.)主人I have my own bedroom. = I have a bedroom of my own.e.g. I see with my own eyes. Whos the owner of this pen?= Who owns this pen?4. fun n. 乐趣，不可数名词I always have fun with my dog there.Its great fun.5. most(1) most名词; adj. “大多数的”： most homes Most girl students like wearing skirts.(2)most of + the / (形)物主代词(his/ their) / 指示代词（these/ those) + pl./umost of + us/you/themMost of the students would like to stay.I spend most of my free time playing football.Most of them think English is very important.(3) adv.“最”：like sth mostI like playing basketball most.6. beside = next toId like to live next to a restaurant.There is a football field behind my house and a swimming pool beside it.【词组】1.Id like to live next to a restaurant. would like sth.= want sthwould like to do sth = want to do sthWould you like some water?= Do you want some water? Yes，please./ No, thanks.Would you like to go with us? Yes, Id love/ like to. Good idea. All right. / Id like to, but next to =besidee.g. Toms house is next to mine. Jack wants to sit next to me.2. Learn about homes in different countries. learn about 学习有关的知识 I want to learn more about the world. learn from 向学习 We should help each other and learn from each other. different same；be different frombe the same asin different classes in the same classIts really different from the flats in Beijing.be different frome.g. Your pen is different from mine.City life is very different from Country life. different(adj.) difference(n.)the difference betweenande.g. There are many differences between English and Chinese Names.3.We sit on the big floor cushions and look out at the beach and the sea.look out (of)at =see from Look out ! =Be careful! = Take care!当心/小心e.g. Dont look out of the window in class.look at / look around / look for / look like / look forward to / look after / look up4. I share a bedroom with my sister.share sth with sbe.g. The boy shared his toy with other childrenshare in sthe.g. We should share in our sorrows as well as joys.5.Simon wrote down the meaning of some of the words.write + n. +down=write down +n. write it /them downe.g. Can you write down the words on your book ?= Can you write the words on your book?OK, Ill write them down.meaning (n.) mean(v.)e.g. Whats the meaning of “quick?= What does “quick” mean?6. ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事Can you ask him to call me back?否定结构有：ask sb not to do sth类似的结构有：tell sb to do sth7. be full of 充满Your garden is full of flowers.The room is full of smoke.My grandmother visited my home with a basket full of vegetables.8. have an area of = in area(size)Red Square in Moscow is about 91,000 square metres in size.France has an area of over 260,000 square miles. = France is 260,000 square miles in area.【语法】（一） Cardinal numbers 基数A.基数词的写法：“几十几”十位和个位之间用“”。e.g. 32 thirty-two101999 百位和十位间加“and”.e.g. 928 nine hundred and twenty-eight1000以上的数，从后往前每三位一段，倒数第一个数读thousand，倒数第二个数读million，依次类推。e.g. 8,542,601 eight million, five hundred and forty-three thousand, six hundred and oneB .基数词的运用：1. hundred, thousand, million, billion等前有数字修饰表示“精确数”一般用单数，但表示不定数目用复数：hundreds of; thousands of; millions of注意区别：three hundred students;hundreds of students;three hundred of the students2. 表示“几十”的数词，其复数形式可以表示年龄或年代。e.g. in his twenties in the thirties the 1990s3. 表示房间号、公共汽车号、电话号码、页数、年龄等用基数词，如：Room 801; No. 1 Bus; Page 44; two oclock; a twelve-year-old girl4.一些计算或分数、百分数等，如：Two plus two is four.Five times six is thirty.a half; a third; a quarter; three quarters; one-eighth; seven-eighths;thirty percent5. 年月日中，年用基数词；日用序数词January 18, 2014; 18th January 20146. 基数词表0zero9nine18eighteen90ninety1one10ten19ninteen100one hundred2two11eleven20twenty1,000one thousand3three12twelve30thirty10,000ten thousand4four13thirteen40forty100,000one hundred thousand5five14fourteen50fifty1,000,000one million6six15fifteen60sixty7seven16sixteen70seventy8eight17seventeen80eighty（二） Ordinal numbers 序数序数词的运用：1. 表示日期：e.g. 6月1日on the first of June/ on June (the) first2. 表示编号：e.g. Lesson 5=the fifth lesson3. 表示名次，起副词作用，前无“the” e.g. Simon came first in the English exam.4. 序数词前有限定词修饰时，不加“the”. e.g. This is my first lesson.5. 表示次序或楼层，如： He is always the first to come to school in our class. Wilson lives on the twelfth floor.6. a/an+序数词，表示“又一、再一”； Id like a second try.7.序数词表48Ordinal numbersOrdinal numbers1st=first10th=tenth2nd=second11th=eleventh3rd=third12th=twelfth4th=fourth13th=thirteenth5th=fifth20th=twentieth6th=sixth21st=twenty-first7th=seventh22nd=twenty-second8th=eighth23rd=twenty-third9th=ninth30th=thirtieth五、拓展提升1. Ill arrive in Beijing on Sunday. 我将在星期天到达北京。arrive (vi.) arrive in(大地点)/at (小地点)= get to = reach(及物动词)e.g. The train arrived an hour ago. He arrives at school on time every day. =He gets to school on time every day. = He reaches school on time every day. arrive there/ here/home =get there/ here/ home 误：reach there/ here/ home2. Whos calling/speaking/that? （打电话用语）请问你是谁？“我是”用This ise.g. This is Jack speaking. 我是Jack.May I speak to? 可以找接电话吗？Yes, speaking. 是的，请讲。Just a minute/ moment.请稍等。Whats your telephone number? 你的电话号码是多少？ Sorry, wrong number. 不好意思，电话打错了。 Hold on, please. 请别挂断。 call sb back给某人回电话；answer the call 接电话3. It rains a lot.表示下雨、下雪、冷热等自然状况等用It作为主语It often rains a lot in summer in Haimen.It doesnt rain here in winter.It never snows here in summer.Does it often rain here in spring in Shanghai?4. The CN Tower is 1,815 feet tall.表示物体的长宽高厚深等的句型为：某物 is 数量 long/ wide/ tall / high/ thick/ deep.The Yangtze is 6,300 kilometres long.Im 1.72 metres tall.5. 表示方位的in, on, toShanghai is in the east of China.Russia is on the north of China.Japan is to the east of China.7B 英语知识点（自整理） U2 初一（5）班 张沐7BUnit2 Neighbours单元知识点归纳【单词】1neighbour邻居2visitor访问者，参观者31ike像，相似4waiter服务员5helpful愿意帮忙的；有用的 6community社区7volunteer志愿者，义务工作者 8skill技能，技巧9something某事，某物 10engineer工程师；技师11check检查12broken损坏了的；破碎的13someone某人14fix修理15anyone任何人16college学院171ucky幸运的18fire火19manager经理20policeman警察21postman邮递员22company公司23elder年纪较长的24j ob工作25future将来26artist艺术家，(尤指)画家27sound听起来28sick生病的；恶心的29notice布告，通知30information信息31below下面32better较好，更好33anything任何事34group组，群【词组】1some volunteers 一些义务工作者2help sbwith sth帮助某人解决某种困难3something wrong一些有毛病的东西4do some shopping买东西5visitors like you 像你一样的访问者6most of them他们中大多数7all kinds of problems各种各样的问题8college students大学生9need help with某方面需要帮助10wait for sb等待某人11plan a day out 计划外出一天12the day after tomorrow后天13make a fire 生火14office worker上班族15police station 警察局16post office 邮局17by trainbusshipbike 乘火车公交车轮船自行车18in the future 在未来19sound 1ike 听起来像20be good at drawing 擅长绘画21the information below 下面的信息22worry about 为担心23make you feel better 使你感到更好24feel well 感觉好了【句型】1Im going to visit our new neighbours我打算去拜访我们的新邻居。2Im afraid they wont welcome visitors like you恐怕他们不会欢迎像你一样的拜访者。 (1)welcome作及物动词，意为“欢迎，可与介词to连用；也可作形容词，意为“受欢迎的。如： Welcome you to our school!欢迎到我们学校来! Youre welcome不用谢。 (2)句中like是介词，意为“像，相似，其反义词是unlike；作动词时，意为“喜欢，后可接动名词或不定式作宾语。如： What is Jim like?吉姆这个人怎么样? They like playing football on Sunday他们喜欢在星期天踢足球。 (3)wont是will与not的缩略形式。“will+动词原形也是一般将来时的构成之一。如： We will take a bus to work我们将乘公共汽车上班。3Theres something wrong with my computer我的电脑出故障了。 (1)此句包含句型：There is something wrong with(某物出毛病了坏了。)此句型的同义结构有：Something is wrong with；is broken；doesnt work等。 (2)something是不定代词，用于肯定句或希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中。在疑问句 或否定句中多用anything。当形容词修饰这类不定代词时，必须后置。如： I have something important to tell you 我有一些重要的事情告诉你。4They help us with all kinds of problems他们帮助我们解决各种难题。 help sbwith sth意为“帮助某人解决难题，其中with可用动词原形来代替。如： He often helps me learn English他经常帮助我学习英语。5Some of them often visit the old people and do some shopping for them他们中的一些人经常会去探望老人并为他们采购些物品。do some shopping意为“买东西，购物，相当于go shopping。在疑问句中，也用some而不用 any。类似结构还有：do some reading(阅读)， do some cooking(烧饭)，do some washing(洗衣服)等。6Youre lucky to live in a neighbourhood like that，Simon住在像那样的居民区，你真幸运，西蒙。lucky是luck的形容词形式，后接不定式，其反义词是unlucky(不幸运的)。此句也可表达为：Its lucky for you to live in a neighbourhood like that，Simon7People go there when they need help with their当人们在需要帮助时，人们就去 那儿(寻求帮助)。 (1)when意为“当时，是连词，引导时间状语从句，从句中常用一般现在时表示将来时，而主句可用一般将来时，即所谓的“主将从现原则。如： Ill go to the park when Im free tomorrow当我明天有空时，我将去公园。 (2)句中的help是不可数名词，后面接介词 with。如： I need help with my English我英语需要帮助。8Will you wait for US to call back?你会等我们回电话吗?(1)wait是不及物动词，后接介词for。如：Someone is waiting for you under the tree树下有人在等你。(2)句中to call back是动词不定式作目的状语。call back意为“回电话。9My parents and I are planning a day out with my uncles family the day after tomorrow我和我父母正计划后天与叔叔全家外出一天。(1)a day out意为“外出一天，out是副词，修饰名词day，作后置定语。如：the weather today今天的天气the people there那儿的人民(2)the day after tomorrow意为“后天，是与一般将来时连用的时间状语。10So she goes to work by train因此她乘火车去上班 go to work by train意为“乘火车去上班。 “by+交通工具表示交通方式，“go toby+交通工具意为“乘去某地。如： We go to the park by bus=We take a bus to the park我们乘公共汽车去公园。11Im good at drawing我擅长绘画。 be good at-do well in意为“擅长，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。12That sounds like a good idea那听起来是个好主意。 sound是连系动词，意为“听起来，后接形容词作表语；sound like后接名词作宾语；sound还可作名词，意为“动听、悦耳的声音。如： Your idea sounds great你的主意听起来棒极了。 I can hear the sound of running water我能听到流水的声音。13Please look at the information below请看下面的信息。 information是不可数名词，below是副词，故修饰名词时需后置。below还可作介词，意为“在下面，但不是指在某物垂直的下方，而under是指在某物垂直的下方。14They will make you feel better!他们将使你(们)感觉更好! make意为“使，让，是使役性动词，后接动词原形或形容词作宾语补足语。如：His words make me happy他的话让我开心。I will make Jim fix the bicycle我将让吉姆修理自行车。15Are you worrying about what to wear to a party or how to design your home?你在为参加聚会该穿什么或者怎样设计你的家而烦恼吗? (1)worry about意为“担心。如：Dont worry about me别为我担心。 (2)what to wear与how to design是“疑问词+动词不定式结构，此结构在句中作宾语。如：I dont know when to leave我不知道何时出发。16People will get help if there is something wrong with their washing machine or fridge 假如人们的洗衣机或冰箱坏了，他们将得到帮助。 if意为“假如，如果，引导条件状语从句，从句中用一般现在时表示将来时。如： If it rains tomorrow，Ill stay at home假如明天下雨，我将待在家里。【语法】一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。一般将来时的构成：shallwillbe going to+v。肯定句：主语+shallwill+动词+其他否定句：主语+shallwill+not+动词+其他疑问句：ShallWill+主语+动词+其他? 1shall与第一人称连用，主要用于疑问句中。 2在疑问句中，will与第二、三人称连用；在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first?我将先读哪一段? Will you be at home at seven this evening?今晚7点你在家吗? 3当有迹象表明在近期或短时间内有可能发生的动作或打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事用be going to+v。(1)主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你(们)打算做什么? (2)计划、安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month这场剧目下个月将被拍摄。 (3)有迹象要发生的事。 Look at the dark clouds，there is going to be a storm看那些乌云，将会有一场暴风雨。4用一般现在时表将来，经常出现在时间或条件状语从句中。如： When Bill comes，ask him to Wait for me当比尔来时，叫他等等我。 If It doesnt rain tomorrow，I will go shopping with mother假如明天不下雨，我将和妈妈去购物。7B 英语知识点（自整理） U3 初一（5）班 张沐7BUnit3 Welcome to Sunshine Town知识点Comic strip1.An old friend of mine is coming to see me, Hobo.我的一个老朋友正要来见我，Hobo。be coming是现在进行时结构，相当于is going to come，表示近期安排的确定将要发生的动作。在英语中，像come，go，leave等这一类表示位置移动的动词可用进行时表示将来。e.g: We are leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow. 明天我们将前往香港。 They are going to Paris for the coming summer holiday. 在即将来临的暑假里他们打算去巴黎。拓展come常构成的短语有：come back 回来come down 下来，下降come from 出生（于），来自come true 变为现实，实现come on 赶快，来吧，加油Welcome to the unit1.Shall we take them to the cinema? 我们要把他们带去电影院吗？take sb. to . 把某人带到，其中to为介词，后面可直接跟地点，即：take sb. to sp.带某人去某地。但若接地点为地点副词（here, there, home等）时，要省略介词to。e.g: I want to take my little sister to the zoo on Saturday. 星期六我想带我的小妹妹去动物园。 Can you take me there? 你能把我带到那儿吗？拓展take sth. to . 表示“把某物带给”，后面可直接跟人，即：take sth. to sb.将某物带给某人。e.g: Lets take the food to my grandparents. 让我们把这些食物带给我的祖父母吧。2.They can try some Chinese food.他们可以品尝一些中国食物。try some Chinese food动词短语，意为“品尝一些中国食物”，其中try是动词，意为“尝试”。e.g: Lets try some different kinds of food from all over the world. 让我们来品尝一些来自世界各地的不同种类的食物吧。Dont give up. Try again. 别放弃。再试试。拓展try还可作名词，表示“尝试”。e.g: I want to have a try. 我想试试。提醒try to do sth. 努力做某事 try/do ones best to do sth.尽某人最大的努力做某事，否定式为do/try ones best not to do sth.e.g: Try to get here earlier tomorrow.明天争取早点来这儿。Reading1.There are lots of things to do in Sunshine Town.在阳光镇有很多事情要做。固定短语lots of things to do中的to do为动词不定式，修饰前面的名词things，作后置定语，且两者之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示要做的事。e.g: I have too much homework to do every day. How about you? 每天我都有太多的家庭作业要做。你呢？ There are many nice places to go in China, such as the Great Wall. 中国有许多好的地方可去，比如长城。2. stay in a quiet town?quiet形容词，意为“安静的；寂静的”，作定语或表语。反义词为noisy嘈杂的，副词为quietly。e.g: She is a quiet girl. She likes sitting quietly. 她是个文静的女孩，她喜欢静静地坐着。拓展quiet既可用来形容人，又可用来形容街道安静或海洋风平浪静等。固定短语有：keep/be quiet保持安静 a quiet place 一个安静的地方e.g: Be quiet, please! 请安静！提醒quiet与副词quite（相当，十分）要区分清楚。3.The air is fresh here. 这里的空气很新鲜。(1)air名词，意为“空气，大气”，为不可数名词，单独使用时要与定冠词the连用。e.g: The air here is very clean. 这儿的空气非常干净。拓展类似air表示世界上独一无二的东西的单词有：the Earth 地球 the Sun 太用 the Moon 月亮(2)fresh形容词，意为“新鲜的”，作定语或表语。e.g: I need some fresh air to breathe. 我需要呼吸一些新鲜空气。4.Sunshine Town is not far from the centre of Beijing. 阳光镇离北京市中心不远。be far from意为“距离远”，相当于be far away from；反义短语为be close to，意为“距离近”。e.g: My home is far from the school, so I need get up early every day. 我家距离学校很远，所以我每天需要早起。 Our school is close to the park. 我们学校离那个公园很近。拓展若要表示确切的距离，要用固定结构“be+基数词+路程单位+away from”。e.g: The new supermarket is one kilometre away from my home. 新超市离我家有一千米远。5.Beijing duck is very famous. 北京烤鸭很有名。famous形容词，意为“出名的，著名的”，作定语或表语。e.g: The West Lake in Hangzhou is very famous.杭州的西湖很出名。拓展famous的固定短语有：be famous for因而出名/闻名，for后接原因；be famous as以（身份）而出名，as后常接表示职业的名词。e.g: Beijing is famous for the Great Wall. 北京因长城而著名。 Lu Xun is famous as a writer in China. 在中国鲁迅作为作家而闻名。6.If you do not like Chinese food, there are some Western restaurants too.如果你不喜欢中国食物，这里也有一些西方餐馆。western形容词，意为“西方的”，是由方位名词west加后缀-ern构成的。e.g: In Western countries, Christmas is very important. 在西方国家，圣诞节非常重要。拓展表示“方位”的词形变化：east 东；东方 eastern 东方的；东部的west 西；西方 western 西方的；西部的south 南；南方 southern 南方的；南部的north 北；北方 northern 北方的；北部的7.Why not visit our local theatre and enjoy Beijing opera?为什么不参观我们的当地剧院，并且欣赏京剧呢？固定句型“Why not do .?”表示“为什么不呢？”，表示提议的交际用语，相当于“Why dont you do .？”。e.g: Why not go and see a film? = Why dont you go and see a film? 为什么不去看场电影呢？拓展表示建议、邀请的句型归类：Lets do sth., shall we?让我们做某事，好吗？Shall we do sth.? 我们做某事，好吗？What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？Youd better do sth. 你最好做某事。8.If you want to learn more about Chinese art, dont miss the opera shows there.如果你想要学习更多关于中国艺术，不要错过那儿的京剧表演。miss动词，意为“错过，失去”。e.g: He often gets up late and misses the early bus.他经常晚起，错过早班车。拓展miss作动词，还可以表示“想念，思念”。e.g: The students go home twice a month. They miss their parents very much. 学生们每月回家两次。他们很想念父母。提醒若miss的首字母大写，即Miss，表示“小姐”，指未婚女子，常用于姓氏的前面。e.g: Miss Smith is our teacher. 史密斯小姐是我们的老师。9.We are looking forward to meeting you soon.我们期待不久后见到你。look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事拓展类似的短语有：pay attention to 注意pay attention to sth./doing sth. 注意某事/做某事Grammar1. 名词所有格(1)概念：名词所有格用来表示人或物的所属关系。(2)构成：在表示有生命的名词及某些表示时间、距离、世界、国家等无生命的名词后加s。表示有生命的名词末尾加seg: Miss Wangs computer王小姐的电脑 the policemens cars警察们的汽车以-s结尾的复数名词末尾加Teachers Day教师节 the students books 学生们的书不以-s结尾的不规则变化的复数名词末尾加seg: Childrens Day儿童节 Womens Day妇女节有些表示时间、距离、衡量度、价值、自然现象、城市、国家等无生命的名词后也可以加s/构成所有格eg: todays newspaper今天的报纸 five minutes walk