《英国人的姓名》PPT课件.ppt

A Few Words on English Name,By 冯玉兰 200911010326,Brief Introduction of English Name In the ancient British, people only have a name or nickname. The surname is the name of clan. Everybodys name or nickname just own to himself or herself. That is to say, their names couldnt be caught on by their children and grandchildren. However, English used the surname after the invading of Germanic people. The Germanic people brought their surname culture into the England, when conquered their land.,Just as our Chinese ancient surname, British surname was tightly linked with feudal system and patriarch system. Only did the noble have right to own surnames, while the common did not. But as time went by, the surname was went down to the common so that everybody has their surname nowadays. It is worth pointing that British name was largely effected by the Germanic people.,Contents,1.The form of English name 2.The origin of English name 3.The presentation of relationship and occupation by surname.,1.The form of English name,English name consists of two parts or three parts, name in front of surname. The first part is Christian name or first name, given name, forename. Generally speaking, every British has Christian name because of their religion. When the kid is born, the parents will take him or her to the church for baptism, which shows the kid becomes a Christian. And then he or she will be given a Christian name.,The second part is middle name second name. This is given by kids parent , god-father or god-mother. Not all people have their second name, some people havent. Before the Germanic people invading England，English people did not have the second name, and they started to use it in the 19th century .,The third part is surname or last name, family name. The family name is inherited from the clan. But when girls marries their husbands, they will changes their former family name into their husband family name. Like our Chinese ,some British also have compound surname. In addition to these three parts of name, British also have nickname, pet-name（昵称、爱称）, and by name(或称）.,2.The origin of English name,1). The surname is named after the name of places, residences or cities.For example, the surname Sheffeild comes from the Sheffeild Park in Sussex County, Kent comes from Kent County. Some of them use the name of mountain, river or spring water as their surname, such as, Bedwell, Cliff, and Greenhill. These surnames imply that their ancestors once lived by cliffs, rivers or mountains.,Some of them use the living positions in their villages of their ancestors as their surname. For instance , Western, Eastern ,and Northern. But if somebodys surname is West ,East ,North or South, that means he comes from the west ,or east in their country. The surname of Scott, Kentis or Frank is named after nationalities.,2）Using occupations and official position as surnames,Steward an officer in loyal household(皇家管家） Marshall（元帅） Butler（男管家） Chambers（贵族管家） Coward（放牛人） Smith（铁匠） stringer（制绳匠） Some people would like to use the name of figures or saints in Bible as surnames， such as, Adam, Eva, Clement or Solomen. The color and the name of animals and plants also are used as names.,The presentation of relationship and occupation by surname,Suffix “-son” It shows the relationship of father and son, such as, Johnson, Robinson and Stevenson. 2)Prefix “Mac-,O- or Fits-” “Mac-” often put in front of fathers name, which means the son of the father, for example, Mac Donald ,and this is more popular with Irish and Scottish. The “Mac-” can be abbreviated “Mc-” or “M-”. “O-” is used in front of Irish name, which also reveals “the son of ”. OBrien, OHenry ,ONell and so on.,“Fits-” comes from French, and also show “the son of somebody”. Fitzwilliam, Fitzalan, Fitzwater and so on. “Fits-” also can be wrote as “Fit-” and “Fitz-”. 4) Suffix “-smith”（铁匠） It shows what work the man