专题非谓语宾补.ppt

专题 非谓语动词,非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语动词。不受主语的人称和数的限制。但是它也拥有动词的一些特征非谓语动词特征： 1）无人称和数的变化，但是有时态和语态的变化 2）不失去原意，可以加上自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。 另外还有一些非动词的特征，相当于名词、形容词、副词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用作的句子成分。,非谓语动词作用,非谓语动词的形式,一般来说，非谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前时，多用完成式；同时发生时用一般式或进行式；例如： Having been used for many years, the computer needs to repair. (2)非谓语动词的否定式为在非谓语动词前加 not。例如：not to have, not being done, not having been done, his not having succeeded 等。,2不定式、动名词与分词做定语时的用法和区别,(1)非谓语动词做定语时的区别,不定式做定语的情况 不定式做定语通常表示一个未发生的动作。 The meeting to be held is of great importance.(未发生) 修饰被序数词、最高级或no/any/all等限定的中心词。 Madame Curie was the first person to discover the radium.(已完成) She was the best one to do the job. There is nothing to worry about. 修饰抽象名词，常见的有 ability ,idea, fact, chance等。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English? I have no chance to go sighting.,特别提醒：不定式做定语时如果与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系，动词须是及物的，不及物的要加介词。例如： He has no room to live in at the moment. 但不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time，place，way 这几个直接表示时间、地点、方式的词时，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。例如： We had no money and no place to live (in) those days. We found a way to solve the problem (in).,There is a lot of work to do. There is a lot of work to be done. 在there be 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某事，不定式用主动形式;若强调事情本事必须被完成，则用被动形式。 Have you anything to send? Have you anything to be send? I will go to the post office.,分词作定语 There are a lot of good English programs (broadcast ) on TV in China. Two days later I received a letter (offer） me a job. 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：doing 表示正在进行，done表示完成。 Falling leaves /fallen leaves Boling water/ boiled water Developing countries/ developed countries,动词不定式与分词作定语的区别： the meeting (hold) in 2 days the meeting (hold) 2 days ago the meeting (hold) now,The bridge to be built next year is just between the one built last year and the one being built now.,Translation,动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途；现在分词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词是正在进行的动作，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系.试比较： working clothes(工作服)clothes for working a washing machine a machine for washing a reading room a walking-stick a swimming pool a sleeping bag a sleeping child a child is sleeping a crying boy a boy is crying,不定式与分词做状语时的用法和区别 (1)不定式一般充当目的状语、结果状语和结果状语。 不定式做目的状语时的主要形式有：to do，so as to do，in order to do； 结果状语时的主要形式有：to do，enough to do，too.to do，so.as to do，only to do(表示出人意料的结果)。 不定式也可用在做表语用的形容词后做状语，说明产生这种情绪的原因。常见的形容词有：不定式作原因状语一般用在“连系动词adj.to do”的结构中，且形容词多为表示人的情感方面的词，如glad，pleased，surprised，disappointed，anxious 等。例如： He seemed surprised to see us.,分词一般充当时间、原因、条件、让步、方式(伴随)状语 Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out. Given a chance, I can surprise the world. They came in, talking and laughing. Not knowing her address, I cant write to her. Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 现在分词有时还可充当结果状语,表示一种自然而然的结果，前面常有 thus 等副词；而不定式做结果状语时一般表示出乎意料的结果，形式有to do，enough to do，too.to do，so.as to do，only to do 。例如： His parents died ,leaving him an orphan. I woke up only to find everyone gone. The cup dropped to the ground, （break） into pieces. Their car was caught in a traffic jam (堵塞)，thus (cause )the delay. I hurried to his house, only (find) him out.,(4)分词做状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。例： Seen from the hill，the village seems quite small. Seeing from the hill，you can find the village quite small. 如果其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，就需要在分词前加上自己的逻辑主语，使其变成一个独立主格结构。例如： The boy having finished his exercises，the teacher let him away. The exercises done，the students went home.,(7)有些结构作独立状语，与句子的主语没有关系。例如： To tell you the truth，I dont know him at all. Judging by his clothes，he is a common man. None of us knew about it，including the teacher. 类似的习惯用语还有： generally speaking , talking of, considering, taking sth into consideration,(2010长春调研)The firm was successfully run and _， he owed his success to the support of his friends. Alooking back Blooked back Cto look back Dwhen looked back 解析：考查非谓语动词。“当回顾过去时”在句中作时间状语，因为look back与主语he之间为主谓关系而不是动宾关系，因此不能使用过去分词形式，而应用现在分词形式。 答案：A,(2010山东潍坊质量监测)With trees and grass _ 39.6% of the urban area, the city of Weifang has taken on a new look. Acovered Bcovering Cto be covered Dbeing covered 解析：考查非谓语动词。语意为：随着城市绿化覆盖率达到39.6%，潍坊呈现出了新面貌。trees and grass和cover之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故选B项。 答案：B,(2010福建六校三联)_ by the beauty of its buildings on their previous visit, they decided to visit the small old town again. AStruck BTo be struck CHaving struck DBeing struck 解析：strike与其逻辑主语they之间为动宾关系，故应用动词的过去分词形式作状语。 答案：A,(2010北京东城期末)Subway Line 4, _ into use in September 2009, has made traveling in Beijing easier. Ahaving been put Bputting Cbeing put DPut 答案：D,(2010北京海淀期末)The silence of the library is sometimes broken