2018_2019学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiologySectionⅠWarm_upLesson1—Pre_reading学案.docx

Unit 21 Human BiologyPaddle boarding (划桨冲浪) is now becoming more and more popular in the outdoor recreation (娱乐) industry. People are increasingly drawn to the sport that can be done for exercise and racing or for paddling or yoga with friends and even dogs aboard.Taking part in standup paddle boarding in the United States has increased nearly three times from 2013 to 2016, according to a study from the Outdoor Foundation. That makes it one of the fastestgrowing outdoor sports, the foundation says.The sport is easy to learn and can be practiced all around the world, said Jimmy Blakeney, marketing manager at BIC SUP, one of the leading companies making boards.And theres what Blakeney calls the “cool factor (要素)” that also draws people.“Youre standing up, youre in your bikini, youre being seen，” Blakeney said. “Boards are cool. A lot of young people really like being on a board more than a boat.”The modern paddle boarding originated in Hawaii, where surfers used paddles to get out further or do exercise when there were no waves. The sport slowly spread from Hawaii and has been around in the United States for about 10 years, Blakeney said. Growth really accelerated (加速) about five years ago, he added.The Stand Up Paddle Industry Association was formed in 2012 to bring support for producers, sellers and people who teach, train and organize races.Kristin Thomas, the industry associations director, said the versatility (多功能性) of the boards is a huge draw. “Its very easy to use and yet can be as extreme as you want it to be. People are surfing huge waves. They are doing whitewater，” Thomas said.Most of the people are recreational users who use the boards about 10 times a year, he said. A smaller number of people, often the types who are drawn to running, use the boards for exercise and compete, Blakeney said.Section_Warmup & Lesson 1 Prereading原文呈现100 metres in 8 seconds?Many contemporary amateur athletes would have broken world records if they had taken part in the first Olympic Games. Since then, records have fallen in track and field year after year as athletic performances have continually improved.If records fall, it is usually due to better equipment, training and diet, but recently, improvements have begun to slow down. At the 2000 Olympics, only three runners achieved Olympic bests with no worldrecords. Some experts predict a ceiling for many events, such as 9.5 seconds for the 100 metres Maurice Greenes current record is 9.79 seconds.However, past predictions have nearly always been proved wrong.When we talk about breaking records， we come across the issue of performanceenhancing drugs. These drugs are originally developed to help people with illnesses， but in the wrong hands， they create supreme athletes making them faster and stronger than is normal for human beings. Taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.读文清障contemporary adj.当代的，同时代的这是一句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。主句谓语用would have done形式，if引导的虚拟条件句的谓语用had done形式。track and field田径运动year after year年复一年slow down(使)慢下来best n最佳状态或作品，最好的东西ceiling在本句中的意思是“上限”。break records打破纪录performanceenhancing/pfmnsInhnsI/adj.增强表现的help sb. with sth.帮某人某事in the wrong hands错误地supreme/suprim/adj.(程度)最大的，极度的taking these drugs为动名词短语作主语doping/dpI/n.服兴奋剂cause serious health problems引起严重的健康问题abuse/bjus/vt.滥用abuse ones power滥用权力百米纪录8秒？第13段译文假如许多当代业余选手参加了第一届奥运会的话，他们就会打破世界纪录。从那时起，由于运动成绩不断提高，田径项目的纪录每年都被刷新。假设新纪录出现，通常是由于设施、训练及饮食得以改善了。但是近来，提高的速度开始慢下来。在2000年奥运会上，只有三名百米短跑运动员获奥运会最佳称号，然而他们却都没能破世界纪录。一些专家为许多项目成绩的上限做出了预测，如百米纪录9.5秒莫里斯格林当前纪录则是9.79秒。然而，过去的预测往往总被证实是错误的。谈到破纪录，我们就会碰到服用提高成绩的药物问题。研制这些药物原本是帮助人们解除病痛的，但误用到运动员身上，就会使他们在竞技比赛中超常发挥，变得更快、更强。众所周知，服用这些药就是服用“兴奋剂”。尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩，但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员在以后的生活中带来严重的健康问题。The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating. Ben Johnson would still be the 100 metres world record holder if he had not been caught taking drugs in the 1988 Olympics. Other records remain doubtful， like Florence Griffiths 100 metres record back in 1988. Did she take drugs？ If American athlete Marion Jones hadnt taken drugs, would she have made it to the Olympics at all?Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so. In 2006 cycling fans worldwide were shocked when the winner of the annual cycling race, the Tour de France, was caught doping. Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.He failed two drug tests.tolerate/tlreIt/vt.容忍tolerate doing sth.容忍做某事fundamental/fndmentl/adj.根本的；基础的be caught doing sth.做某事当场被抓句中用了混合虚拟语气，主句与现在事实相反(would do)，从句与过去事实相反(had done)。doubtful/datfl/adj.怀疑的，不肯定的take drugs吸毒；服兴奋剂make it成功seek/sik/vt.寻找beyond ones limits超出极限关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰every sport, where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于in which。annual/njul/adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的lame/leIm/adj.站不住脚的，不易令人相信的make excuses找借口blaming medicine he . an injury是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰excuses，该结构中又含有一个定语从句(that/which) he had been taking for an injury，修饰medicine。in vain/vein/徒然，白费力气第45段译文由于它是欺骗的基本形式，体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。本约翰逊如果在1988年奥运会上没有被查出服用兴奋剂的话，今天他还可能是百米世界纪录的保持者。其他一些短跑纪录至今依然让人感到怀疑。比如，弗罗伦斯格丽菲斯1988年的百米纪录。她服兴奋剂了吗？如果美国运动员玛里昂琼斯没有服用兴奋剂的话，她能成功地进军奥运会吗？服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动中存在的问题，每个运动项目都存在这个问题，运动员想取得超常体育成绩而准备作弊。当2006年环法自行车赛的冠军弗洛伊德兰蒂斯被查出服用了兴奋剂时，举世的支持者为之哗然。弗洛伊德兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，推诿说药物是为了治疗伤痛而服用的，但这些都是徒劳的。他的两次兴奋剂检测结果都呈阳性。Unfortunately, it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs. It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random. New drugs are developed all the time and drug tests for sporting events are often one step behind.However, doping is not the only thing we need to worry about. Unless we are careful, “genetherapy” will be the next big threat. For medical purposes, scientists have already found ways to build muscle and increase strength by changing peoples genes. Genetherapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it. If genetherapy were used now, it would be almost impossible to find out. In the future, athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours. However, if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created, it would contradict the whole spirit of sport.The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. In todays world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and genetherapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word “hero” will have lost all meaning.,catch sb. doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事compulsory/kmplsri/adj.强制性的，义务的at random/rndm/随便地，随意地we need to worry about是定语从句，修饰the only thing。genetherapy/dinerpi/基因疗法threat/ret/n.威胁controversial/kntrvl/adj.有争议的oppose/pz/vt.反对本句为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气have sth. done表示“让某事被做”。dash/d/n.短跑marathon/mrn/n.马拉松赛跑with enhanced genes为sports stars的定语。contradict/kntrdIkt/vt.与(其他事物)相矛盾violate/vaIlIt/vt.违反，违背at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何第68段译文不幸的是，查出运动员服用违禁药物并不容易。获胜者被强制进行检测。而其他参赛选手只是随机抽检。而且，新药一直在研制中，而对运动项目的药物检测则常常滞后一步。但是，服用兴奋剂并不是我们需要担心的唯一问题。如果我们不多加谨慎，基因疗法将会成为下一个重大威胁。为了医学的目的，科学家们已经发现了通过改变基因来增强肌肉、增加力量的办法。基因疗法是很有争议的。许多人反对对此做进一步研究。因为一旦使用了基因疗法，它几乎不可能被发现。将来，改变了基因的运动员有可能创下仅8秒的百米纪录或不到两个小时的马拉松长跑纪录。然而，如果一代有强化基因的运动明星被造出，这将有悖于整个运动精神。奥林匹克精神强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神已经被为获得成功而不惜任何代价的欲望所亵渎。在当今世界，人们祝贺获胜者，并把他们看作英雄。但如果服用兴奋剂和基因疗法继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话，“英雄”这个单词就失去了它的全部意义。PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1abuseAto move around or through something2oppose Bto exchange3circulate Cto change food in your stomach into substances that your body can use4digest Dset in action against; put forward as contrast or opposite5swap Ewrong use; the use of sth. in a way that is wrong or harmful6annual Fthe ability to hear7hearing Ghappening once every year8seek Hmake a search for; look for9tolerate Ito go against or refuse to obey a law, an agreement, etc.10violate Jput up with15_610_答案：15EDACB610GFHJILeadinLook at the pictures of the four athletes and write out their names. Then match their names with the events.APingPongBBadmintonCShooting DSwimming答案：Lin Dan BYe Shiwen DYi Siling CZhang Jike AWhilereadingFastreading1First look at the title and the picture of the text, and then skim the beginning and the end of the whole text and finish the following question.What is the general idea of the text?The_present_and_future_of_the_sporting_world_is_being_seriously_and_negatively_affected_by_doping_and_genetherapy.2Match the main idea with each paragraph.(1)Paras.12ADoping (2)Paras.36 BRecords have fallen (3)Para.7 CThe Olympic spirit(4)Para.8 DGenetherapy(1)(4)_答案：(1)(4)BADCCarefulreading()Choose the best answers according to the text.1Some sports predictions were always _.ArightBwrongCsimple Dmature2Whats the drugs legal effect?ATo make the athletes run faster.BTo make the audience cheer more excitedly.CTo cure the patients.DTo make money for the chemists.3Ben Johnson _.Aused to be the 100meter world record holder Bwas taken as a drugtakerCwill be the 100meter world record holderDwill be taken as a drugtaker4Which is RIGHT according to the text?ASome athletes want to achieve the championship with the help of doping.BIt is easy to clarify whether an athlete has taken drugs.CDoping is the only problem in track and field.DGenetherapy will benefit the athletes.5In the future, _.Aathletes must have their genes changedBathletes will finish 100 meters in only 8 secondsCathletes will finish the marathon in less than two hoursDthe Olympic spirit will go on答案：15BCBAD()Fill in the blanks according to the text.100 metres in 8 seconds？Records have been 1.dropping/falling in track and field usually because of better equipment, training and diet. Doping and genetherapy are two worrying issues at sports contests.DopingPerformanceenhancing drugs are originally developed to help people with 2.illnesses. Athletes taking these drugs are faster and stronger than is 3.normal for human beings. They also cause serious health problems in later life for those who 4.abuse them.Doping is a form of cheating. Some athletes were caught 5.doping and some records remain 6.doubtful.Doping is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their 7.natural_limits.New drugs are developed all the time and drug tests are often one step behind.GenetherapyMany people 8.oppose further research into genetherapy.If athletes had their genes changed, it would be almost impossible to 9.find_out.Doping and genetherapy 10.violate the Olympic spirit, which emphasises taking part rather than winning.StudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1These drugs are originally developed to help people with illnesses, but in the wrong hands, they create supreme athletes making them faster and stronger than is normal for human beings.句式分析句中but连接两个并列分句，句子结构分析如下：尝试翻译研制这些药物原本是帮助人们解除病痛的，但误用到运动员身上，就会使他们在竞技比赛中超常发挥，变得更快、更强。2Taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.句式分析尝试翻译众所周知，服用这些药就是服用“兴奋剂”。尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩，但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员在以后的生活中带来严重的健康问题。3Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.句式分析本句为并列复合句。尝试翻译弗洛伊德兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，推诿说药物是为了治疗伤痛而服用的，但这些都是徒劳的。4The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.句式分析句子的主干是：The Olympic spirit has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. “the spirit of competition . winning”是The Olympic spirit的同位语，which emphasises taking part rather than winning是定语从句，修饰the spirit of competition。rather than在此为连词，意为“而不是”，在句中连接两个并列的成分taking part和winning。不定式短语to succeed at all costs为desire的后置定语。尝试翻译奥林匹克精神强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神已经被为获得成功而不惜任何代价的欲望所亵渎。.阅读理解AAre you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However，the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time, about eight hours after you wake up, your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.In many parts of the world, people take naps (小睡) in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health. In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer less from problems such as heart disease.Many working people have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.1Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text?AThey eat too much for lunch.BThey sleep too little at night.CTheir body temperature becomes lower.DThe weather becomes a lot warmer解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段的“However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time, about eight hours after you wake up, your body temperature goes down.”可知选C。2If you get up at 6：30 am, what is the best time for you to take a nap?AAbout 2：30 pm.BAbout 1：30 pm.CAbout 12：30 pm. DAbout 3：30 pm.解析：选A细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up.”故选A。3What would be the best title for the text?AJust for a RestBAll for a NapCA Special Sleep PatternDTaking Naps in Warmer Climates解析：选B标题归纳题。根据全文内容以及“If you do not have enough time, try a short nap even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.”可知答案为B。B“Hey, how are you doing？Im Courtney.What grade are you in？Whats your favorite book？Elephant and Piggy？Yeah, I got it.”If you thought youd walked into a library with a greeting like that, you wouldnt be too far off.In fact, youve entered the workplace of Courtney Holmes, the Storybook Barber.Two years ago, Dubuque, Iowa, held its first yearly Back to School Bash, offering needy families an opportunity to learn about free resources (资源) in the community (社区)Holmes agreed to participate.Saturday was his busiest haircutting day, but he chose to donate his time and give free haircuts to underprivileged kids so theyd look sharp on that first day of classes.But then he had a lightbulb moment (突然醒悟的一瞬)：“The kids should earn their free haircut by having to read a book to me，” Holmes said.The idea was so popular that he continued it for the next two years.Five to tenyearold boys would grab a favorite book, settle into the barber chair, and read aloud while Holmes cut their hair.If they stuttered (结结巴巴地说) over a word, Holmes was there to help.After the haircut, theyd review the book, from the characters and vocabulary to the themes just like in school, only more fun.Holmes admits he, too, benefits from the free snipandreads.“There was this sevenyearold Bob, who struggled through his book, stuttering over words even though he didnt have a stutter，” said Holmes.He had the boy take the book home and practice.When the child came back a few days later，“He read it with no problems.That inspires me.”Holmes and his family have recently moved from Dubuque to a Chicago suburb.When they get settled, he plans to continue his role as the Storybook Barber.“The way the world is today with guns and violence，” he says，“its a safe haven (避风港) for the kids, to come to the barbershop and read books.”语篇解读：本文是记叙文。美国爱荷华州迪比克市的一名理发师为那些给他阅读故事的孩子们提供免费理发服务。4What does the underlined word “underprivileged” in Paragraph 3 mean?AUnruly. BPoor.CIntelligent. DUnusual.解析：选B词义猜测题。由画线词前的“.offering needy families an opportunity to learn about free resources”和“donate his time and give free haircuts”可知，Holmes选择给贫困的儿童免费理发。由此可推断，underprivileged意为“穷困的，贫穷的”。5What did Holmes say about Bob?AHe fired his enthusiasm.BHe gifted him a new book.CHe preferred to read alone.DHe had a language disability.解析：选A推理判断题。由倒数第二段的描述以及“That inspires me.”可知，这个七岁男孩的变化极大鼓舞了Holmes。6What can we infer about Holmes from the last paragraph?AHe showed great concern for kids.BHe faced serious money problems.CHe had an excellent sense of humor.DHe built a shelter for homeless kids.解析：选A推理判断题。由最后一段中的“The way the world is today with guns and violence”和“its a safe haven for the kids, to come to the ba