2018_2019学年高中英语Unit19LanguageSectionⅢLesson2Lesson3—Pre_reading学案（含解析）.docx

Section Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 PrereadingBODY LANGUAGE SPEAKS FOR ITSELFIf you saw a father patting his son on the back while smiling happily, what would you think was going on？ You would probably think that the father was congratulating his son on doing something well, maybe passing an exam or winning a race. You would know what was going on because you understood the message conveyed by the fathers body language. Across the world, a pat on the back and a smile usually means，“Well done”Body language is used every single day by people of different nationalities all over the world. It is a language without words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to and sometimes even replace spoken language. Body language is used to communicate both attitudes and feelings from affection to anger just like any other language, but it differs from spoken language as it is not always explicit. Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss.pat/pt/vt. & n轻拍；拍see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事pat sb. on the back 拍某人的背if 引导条件状语从句，主句中would you think 是插入语。congratulate/knrtleIt/vt.祝贺congratulate sb. on (doing) sth. 祝贺某人(做)某事 conveyed by . 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 the message。that consists of . spoken language 是that 引导的定语从句，修饰language。在这个定语从句中又包含了一个that 引导的定语从句，修饰gestures, facial expressions and body movements。两个that 均在各自的定语从句中充当主语。be used to do 被用来做be used to doing 习惯于做communicate . to . 表达，传达communicate . with . 与交流/沟通differ from 与不同be different from 与不同explicit/IksplIsIt/adj.明确的；清楚的 as 引导原因状语从句。while是并列连词，连接两个并列分句，意为“而，却”，在语意上表示转折。eyebrow/aIbra/n.眉毛conveying doubt 为现在分词短语作后置定语。肢体语言亦可传情达意第12段译文如果你看到一位父亲愉快地微笑着拍他儿子的背部，你认为会发生什么事？你可能会认为父亲在祝贺他的儿子某事做得好，也许是通过考试或者是赢得比赛。你知道发生的事情是因为你明白父亲的肢体语言所表达的信息。在全世界，拍背部和微笑通常都意味着“做得好”。肢体语言每天都被全世界不同国家的人使用。这是一种没有词语，由手势、面部表情和肢体动作组成的语言，它极大地丰富了有时甚至取代了口头语言。肢体语言就像其他任何语言一样，被用来交流各种态度和喜怒等感情，但是与口头语言不同的是，它不总是明确清楚的。某人高兴地跳跃是容易看到的，而挑起眉毛表示怀疑却更容易被人忽略。People often use body language on purpose. Someone who does not know the answer to a question will move their shoulders upwards away from their upper body and then let them fall, meaning“I dont know”. However, body language can be unconscious as well. A person who is feeling uncomfortable or nervous will often hold their body in a very rigid manner and have a tight look about their mouths. They might also cross their arms and move in an abrupt way resembling a robot more than a human. They might not even realise how they are acting but their body language will tell anyone who cares to look closely enough how they are feeling. Body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words, it is not as easy to do so with our bodies.on purpose/pps/故意地本段中三个who引导的从句均是定语从句。to a question 是answer的定语。upwards/pwdz/adv.向上地upper/p/adj.上面的unconscious/nkns/adj.无意的；不知不觉的rigid/rIdId/adj.僵硬的in a(n) . manner in a(n) . way 以方式tight/taIt/adj.绷紧的resemble/rIzembl/vt.像；与相似transparent/trnsprnt/adj.清晰易辨的；透明的as 引导原因状语从句，该从句中又含有一个由although引导的让步状语从句。第3段译文人们经常有意识地使用肢体语言。不知道问题答案的人会将肩膀向上抬起，然后再放下，表示“我不知道”。然而，肢体语言也可以是无意识的。一个感到不舒服或紧张的人经常会使身体处于非常僵硬的状态，嘴巴绷紧。他们也可能交叉手臂，走起路来像机器人一样笨拙，而不是像人。他们也许甚至意识不到自己的行为方式，但是他们的肢体语言将会把他们的感觉告诉任何喜欢仔细观察的人。因此肢体语言可以让人们的感觉更加外露，尽管我们可以用语言来掩饰我们的感受，但是用身体并不那么容易。Learning to be aware of your body language can be a very useful tool. For example, in a job interview, you will probably be feeling nervous but you wont want to appear to be in a state of unrest. You will want to appear calm with as much dignity as possible. Merely by uncrossing your arms, you will look more confident.Body language can be very useful when people do not share a common spoken language. For example, in foreign countries, it is very easy to purchase something simply by smiling and pointing at what you want. On the other hand， you can also easily show what you dont like by shaking your head. You can negotiate the price by using your fingers and even ask questions by using your hands to outline the shapes of things you want although this can cause confusion and a few laughs too！,be/become aware of 知道，了解，意识到Learning to be aware of your body language 是动名词短语作主语。in a state of 处于状态unrest/nrest/n.不安with dignity 优雅地merely/mIli/adv.只；仅仅share vt.分享purchase/ptIs/vt.购买simply 修饰后面的by短语。it 为形式主语， 不定式短语to purchase . 为真正的主语；what you want 为what引导的宾语从句。on the other hand 另一方面negotiate/nIieIt/vt.协商；谈判negotiate with sb.与某人谈判outline/atlaIn/vt.勾出轮廓confusion n混淆第45段译文学会了解你的肢体语言可能是一个很有用的方法。例如，在面试的时候，你可能会觉得紧张，但是你不想表现出不安的样子。你想表现得平静，并且尽可能优雅。只要双臂不交叉，你看上去就会更自信。语言不通时，肢体语言就非常有用。例如，在外国，要想买东西的话，只要面带微笑并且指着你想买的东西就可以。另一方面，你也可以通过摇头便可容易地表示出你不喜欢。你可以用手指讨价还价，甚至可以用手比划出你想要的东西的形状来问问题尽管这会让人迷惑不解，还会引人发笑！However, body language can sometimes be ambiguous. Although every culture around the world uses the same gestures and expressions， they use them in different ways. For example, an American tourist at a German hotel might give an “OK” sign by making a circle with his fingers. Unlike in America where this sign means everything is fine， in Germany, this gesture can cause offence. Another example is that in most cultures to nod ones head means “Yes” and to shake ones head means“No” while in some cultures the opposite is true！Regardless of these differences, experts agree that across the globe there is one form of body language that receives universal approval the smile. Smiling has a high success rate so never be afraid to use it even when youre nervous and especially in foreign countries！ambiguous/mbIjus/adj.模棱两可的Although every culture around the world . 是although 引导的让步状语从句。in different ways 用不同的方法where this sign means .是关系副词where引导的定语从句，修饰America。offence/fens/n.冒犯；得罪nod ones head 点头shake ones head 摇头that in most cultures . is true 是that 引导的表语从句。表语从句中包含两个并列分句，由并列连词while 连接，while意为“而，却”，在此表示对比关系。regardless of 不管，不顾(in spite of)approval/pruvl/n.赞成；赞许；批准第一个that是宾语从句引导词，第二个that 是定语从句引导词。success 是抽象名词具体化，表示成功的人或事。第67段译文然而，肢体语言有时也会引发歧义。虽然世界上的每种文化都用同样的姿势和表情，但他们使用的方法不同。例如，一个美国游客在一家德国旅馆会用手指做出一个圆圈表示“OK”。在美国这个手势表示一切顺利，可是在德国，它却会冒犯他人。另一个例子是在大多数文化里，点头表示“是”，摇头表示“不”，可是在其他一些文化里却刚好相反！尽管有这些不同，世界各地的专家却一致认为有一种肢体语言是全世界都认可的，那就是微笑。微笑传递信息的成功率很高，所以可以大胆使用即使当你紧张的时候尤其在外国！PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1mate Athe feeling that sb./sth. is good or acceptable 2.relativeBtransmitting light; able to be seen through with clarity3approval Cto buy4transparent Da person who is in the same family as sb. else5purchase Eused as a friendly way of addressing sb., especially between men6explicit Ffrom a lower to a higher position7unconscious G(feelings, thoughts, etc.) existing or happening without your realizing or being aware; not deliberate or controlled8upwards Hprecisely and clearly expressed9congratulate Ito look like or be similar to another person or thing10resemble Jto tell sb. that you are pleased about their success or achievements15_610_答案：15EDABC610HGFJILeadinHow can we communicate our ideas to others? Please match the words with the pictures. music facial expressionstone of voice languageWhilereadingFastreadingScan the text and choose a heading for each paragraph. There is one extra heading.(1)Para.1AAn aid to travelers(2)Para.2BConscious and unconscious body language(3)Para.3 CThe disadvantages of smiling(4)Para.4DWhy body language can be confusing(5)Para.5 EIntroduction(6)Para.6 FWhat is body language(7)Para.7 GConcluding statement HBeing aware(1)(5)_(6)(7)_答案：(1)(5)EFBHA(6)(7)DGCarefulreading()Choose the best answers according to the text.1The father showed his satisfaction to his son by _.Asmiling and patting his son on the backBpatting his sons head and smilingCcrossing his hands before his bodyDwaving his hands and cheering2Spoken language is different from body language because the latter is _.Anot always clear in meaningBsometimes simple and shortCbrief to convey the feelingsDoften doubtful to others3The third paragraph mainly tells us _.Abody language varies in different culturesBbody language is unconsciousChow to make appropriate gesturesDwhat are the most common gestures4In the fifth paragraph, the word “negotiate” can be taken the place of by “_”Acut downBraiseCdecide Dbargain5From the sixth paragraph we can infer we must pay much attention to _ of body language.Athe offence Bthe importanceCthe differences Dthe developments答案：15AABDC() Fill in the blanks according to the text.Body Language Speaks for ItselfWhat is body languageBody language is a language that consists of 1.gestures,2.facial_expressions and body movements.It can be used 3.to_convey both attitudes and feelings.Sometimes it is not 4.explicit.People use bodylanguagePeople often use body language 5.on_purpose.But sometimes it is 6.unconscious.7.Being_aware_of body language can be useful in some circumstances.Body language does not always mean the same thingBody language can sometimes be 8.ambiguous.So be careful when using it.Across the world, a 9.pat on 10.the back and a smile usually means, “Well done”.StudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1If you saw a father patting his son on the back while smiling happily, what would you think was going on?句式分析尝试翻译如果你看到一位父亲愉快地微笑着拍他儿子的背部，你认为会发生什么事？2It is a language without words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to and sometimes even replace spoken language.句式分析本句不是强调句型，而是主从复合句。第一个that引导的定语从句修饰language，第二个that引导的定语从句修饰gestures, facial expressions and body movements。尝试翻译这是一种没有词语，由手势、面部表情和肢体动作组成的语言，它极大地丰富了有时甚至取代了口头语言。3Body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words, it is not as easy to do so with our bodies.句式分析本句为主从复合句。第一个as在此引导原因状语从句，在该从句中又含有although引导的让步状语从句。第二个as用作副词，表示程度。尝试翻译因此肢体语言可以让人们的感觉更加外露，尽管我们可以用语言来掩饰我们的感受，但是用身体并不那么容易。4Regardless of these differences, experts agree that across the globe there is one form of body language that receives universal approval the smile.句式分析尝试翻译尽管有这些不同，世界各地的专家却一致认为有一种肢体语言是全世界都认可的，那就是微笑。.阅读理解ASince animals think in pictures, one can “talk” to them without words.For example, there are hand signals that convey everything from “sit” to “Ill be back soon.”In dog language, being petted (抚摸) on top of the head by a stranger is an aggressive act.Try a more calm approach; crouch down (蹲下) or stand with your side turned to the dog, dont make eye contact for very long, keep words to a whisper and wait for the dog to approach you.Then pet the side closest to you.Never reach over a dog.If you decide to touch a dogs head, it is much nicer to go for the side of the face or under the chin.Calming signals are used in most dogtodog interactions to avoid or end conflict.If we understand these often gestures, we have a better chance of being sympathetic and living in harmony with dogs.Has your dog ever yawned (打哈欠), and you thought he was tired？Well, yawning is generally a calming signal.The dog is trying to tell another dog or his owner that the moment is too intense for example, when we play or train too hard with our dogs and everyone needs a break.Here are some other common calming signals：Turning the head to avoid eye contact when meeting.This is like saying，“Nothing to worry about here.”Nose licking, scratching or refusal to look in your direction.These are often used to let people know they are pets, playing or training too intensely.Take a break or change your approach.Hip or butt bumps.These say, “I like and trust you，” or “Would you mind scratching my back？”Cocking head from side to side.Dogs may do this when they hear a strange noise or when you try to tell them a story.It means something like, “Im not quite sure I understand.”语篇解读：本文是说明文。人与人之间通常用语言进行交流，但动物之间的交流主要是非语言的。文章主要介绍了狗的一些肢体语言。1Which of the following is NOT an aggressive act in dog language?AReaching over a dog.BMaking eye contact for very long.CA strangers petting on top of the head.DTouching the side of a dogs face or under the chin.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，抚摸狗的侧脸或者下巴下面的部位是恰当的，对狗来说不是侵犯性的举动。2Calming signals among dogs can _.Ahelp avoid or end conflictBmake dogs sympathetic to each otherChelp dogs understand different gesturesDhelp dogs make friends with other dogs解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，在狗与狗的交流中，calming signals主要用来避免或终止冲突。3When a dog yawns, it _.Afeels relaxedBwants to playCneeds a break Dwants to sleep解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，狗打哈欠时想传达的信息是：它需要休息一下。4What will your dog do if it doesnt know what you want to express?ABump its hip or butt.BCock its head from side to side.CRefuse to look in your direction.DTurn the head to avoid eye contact.解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，当狗没有明白别人的意思时，它会仰着头左右晃动。BIn the early 1970s, David McNeill, a psychology professor at the University of Chicago, was giving a talk in a Paris lecture hall when something queer caught his eye. There was a woman in the back of the room moving her arms in a way that seemed to convey exactly what he was saying. It took him a moment to realize that she was speaking, too, and another to realize that she was an interpreter, translating his words into French. For McNeill, that moment of confusion made him realize that gesture and speech are not as separate as they seem.Gesture researchers have spent the past 40 years uncovering how movements are tied to speech. Regardless of their spoken language or culture, humans gesture when they talk. They gesture even if they have never seen gestures before people who have been blind since birth do it and they gesture even if theyre talking to someone on the phone and know no one can see them. When speech is interrupted, so is gesture. In fact, gesture is so tightly bound to language that differences between languages show up as differences in gesture. In other words, the way you package your thoughts into speech is also how you package them into movement.Researchers are especially interested in the times when gestures dont match speech. The mismatch can be a valuable window to whats going on in the mind. For example, until about 7 years of age, children dont understand that if you pour a tall glass of water into a shorter, wider glass, the amount of water stays the same. They think the shorter glass contains less water. When asked to explain their reasoning, some children will say, “This one is shorter，” while gesturing that the glass is wider. That discrepancy (矛盾) shows they subconsciously grasp that both dimensions are important.When we speak, we put our thoughts into words, and when we gesture, we put our thoughts into our hands. But gestures dont just show what were thinking they actually help us think. Toddlers (初学走路的孩子) who are encouraged to gesture tend to start producing more words. Adults involved in various problemsolving tasks do better when they are encouraged to gesture. Putting ideas into motions brings us closer to grasping what we need to grasp.5Which can best replace the underlined word “queer” in Paragraph 1?AStrange. BTerrible.CBoring. DFunny.解析：选A词义猜测题。由下文那位女士做手势、讲话、翻译的情节及段末的“that moment of confusion”可推断，那位女士的表现很奇怪。6What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?ANewborn babies dont gesture.BGesture and language are closely related.CBabies learn to gesture from their parents.DPeople gesture when they talk face to face.解析：选B段落大意题。由第二段中的“how movements are tied to speech”及“gesture is so tightly bound to language that”以及所举例子可推断，本段主要是说手势和语言是紧密联系的。7Through kids gestures in the example of glasses, researchers know _.Akids often ignore glasses shapesBkids under 7 are not good at gesturingCkids prefer taller glasses to shorter onesDkids can realize the importance of glasses widths解析：选D细节理解题。由第三段末的“while gesturing that the glass is wider . both dimensions are important”可知，通过孩子们的手势可以知道他们能够意识到玻璃容器宽度的重要性。8Gesturing makes people _.Amore persuasiveBget distracted more easilyCfeel discouraged while talkingDthink and express more effectively解析：选D推理判断题。由最后一段可知，被鼓励做手势的孩子表达能力会比较强；成年人做手势可以帮助思考进而解决问题。据此可推断，做手势帮助人们更有效地思考和表达。CCamp FriendshipJoin our summer Camp Friendship 2018.Who: Children age 314 who need to work on social, communication, and friendship skills.What: A superfun summer program with tons of indoor & outdoor playtime, games, arts & crafts, water play, sports, and more！Kids will also work on school preparedness skills such as following the timetable, working with a group, waiting nicely, etc.Where: 210 East Broad Street in Falls Church, VA!When: Hours are 9 am3 pm; aftercare is provided (for an additional cost) from 35 pm.Session (期) 1: July 1014 & 1721Session 2: July 2428 & July 31Aug 4Why: Making friends isnt always easy！At our program, kids will have tons of fun working on friendship skills while doing all kinds of fun camplike activities.Children who apply should be both verbal and conversational.We always have at least a 14 adult to child ratio (比率)Children under age 6 as of July 10, 2018 may attend no more than 2 consecutive (连续的) weeks of camp. How to sign up：1)Complete the application form.2)We will contact you to set up a “get to know you” intake playdate (for younger kids) or meet and greet (for older kids) with other applicants.You ma