2018_2019学年高中英语Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse课下能力提升二十外研版.docx

课下能力提升(二十).阅读理解Bored with your life? Dreaming of something different? I always wonder what life would be like 400 km above my head. Thats where the International Space Station orbits the earth, with six astronauts living and working on board, for months at a time.How do they sleep? They spend the night floating in a sleeping bag inside a small cubicle (小隔间) on the ceiling. American astronaut Sunita Williams explains, “Its like a little phone booth, but its pretty comfortable and it doesnt matter if I turn over and sleep upside down. I dont have any sensation (感觉) in my head that tells me Im upside down.”Brushing your teeth in a place where you cant have a tap or a sink can be a challenge. Can you imagine the mess that running water would make in zero gravity? Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield uses a straw to put a big blob (一滴) of water from a sealed bag onto an ordinary toothbrush and adds a little toothpaste which he has to swallow when hes done.Daily exercise is essential. The lack of gravity makes bones more fragile and muscles lose strength so astronauts are encouraged to work out for at least two hours a day.The role of astronauts in the International Space Station is to act as lab technicians for scientists back on earth. So they spend their time maintaining their environment and performing and monitoring experiments in a confined space about the size of a Boeing 747. Almost every task is carefully planned by mission control although most astronauts spend their first days losing things until they get used to sticking everything they use to the walls with Velcro, duct tape (强力胶带) or clips (夹子)One of their most valued perks (额外待遇) is the view from “the office”， dominated by that gigantic blue ball down there, sitting in the darkness of space. Wow! Absolutely breathtaking!1When they sleep upside down, the astronauts will not get dizzy because _.Athey dont feel itBthey sleep in the daytimeCthey sleep in special sleeping bagsDthey are trained to adapt to the conditions of weightlessness解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段的“American astronaut Sunita Williams explains, Its like a little phone booth, but its pretty comfortable and it doesnt matter if I turn over and sleep upside down. I dont have any sensation (感觉) in my head that tells me Im upside down.”可知，宇航员倒着睡不会晕是因为大脑并没有感知到这种颠倒的行为，故选A。2Why may astronauts lose things?ABecause they always forget where they put their things.BBecause in zero gravity, everything that is not stuck down floats.CBecause they are so busy that they dont have enough time to put their things away.DBecause in a space station, there arent enough places for astronauts to store their things.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段的第二句“They spend the night floating in a sleeping bag inside a small cubicle (小隔间) on the ceiling”和第三段的第二句“Can you imagine the mess that running water would make in zero gravity”以及第五段的最后一句“Almost every task is carefully planned by mission control although most astronauts spend their first days losing things until they get used to sticking everything they use to the walls with Velcro, duct tape (强力胶带) or clips (夹子)”可知，在失重状态下没有被固定的东西会飘浮起来以至于会丢失，故选B。3What parts become weak if astronauts dont exercise?ATheir teeth and bones.BTheir brains and bones.CTheir teeth and muscles.DTheir bones and muscles.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的“The lack of gravity makes bones more fragile and muscles lose strength”可知，宇航员不锻炼的话，他们的肌肉和骨头会变得虚弱。4What is the best title for the text?AThe Problems We Met in SpaceBHow to Become an AstronautCLiving and Working in SpaceDThe International Space Station解析：选C标题归纳题。根据第一段和全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是太空中宇航员的生活和工作情况，故选C。.阅读七选五6 Tips for Healthy, White TeethGo on a whiteteeth diet. If youre quaffing (畅饮) red wine and black tea, or smoking cigarettes, expect the results to show up as notsopearly whites.Throw away your toothbrush or electric toothbrush head every two to three months._1_ According to dentist Harold Katz, the best way to brush is by placing your toothbrush at a 45degree angle against your gums (牙龈) and gently moving it in a circular motion. Grip the toothbrush like a pencil so you wont scrub (刷洗) too hard.Use a tongue scraper (刮刀) every morning to remove tongue plaque (舌斑) and freshen breath. One cause of bad breath is the buildup of bacteria on the tongue, which a daily tongue scraping will help banish (消除). _2_Eat “detergent (清洁剂)” foods that are firm or crisp to help clean teeth as you munch (咀嚼)_3_ For best results, make “detergent” foods the final food you eat in your meal if you know you wont be able to brush your teeth after eating.Stay fresh. Check by licking (舔) your palm and smelling it while its wet. If you smell something, its time for a sugarfree breath mint (薄荷). Shopping for mouthwash? _4_ Mouthwashes with too much alcohol can dry out mouth tissue, making it more prone (易于) to bacteria.Brushing your teeth first and last are the two most crucial times of the day, as saliva (唾液) which keeps plaque off teeth, dries up at night, so its best to have all plaque cleaned off the teeth before sleep._5_AMake sure its alcohol free.BApples are good, as are raw carrots, celery and popcorn.COtherwise, youre just transferring bacteria to your mouth.DHowever, the bacteria wont be staying on the top of your tongue.EIts more effective than brushing your tongue with a toothbrush too.FWhen you sleep without bacteria in your mouth, you will feel much better.GIts also important to brush first in the morning to remove plaque and bacteria built up as you slept.1解析：选C根据此空前的“Throw away your toothbrush . every two to three months.”可知，每隔两到三个月要换一次牙刷，本空应说明这样做的原因。C项(否则你就是在把细菌转移到嘴巴里。符合语境。)2解析：选E根据空前的“One cause of bad breath ., which a daily tongue scraping will help banish(清除)”可知，刮舌板有助于有效清除舌头上堆积的细菌，故此处描述的是刮舌板的益处。E项意为“这比用牙刷刷你的舌面更加有效”，符合上下文逻辑。其中it 指代Use a tongue scraper every morning .这件事。3解析：选B根据空前建议吃有清洁作用的硬的或脆的食物，边咀嚼边清洗牙齿可知，此段应涉及所吃的食物。只有B项中出现了食物。故选B项。4解析：选A根据本空后的“Mouthwashes with too much alcohol can dry out mouth tissue .”可知，此处应是建议使用不含酒精的漱口水。故选A项。5解析：选G根据最后一段，建议起床后第一件事和睡觉前最后一件事是刷牙，以及本空前描述要在睡觉前刷牙可知，此处应该是早晨起来也要刷牙。G项意为“同样重要的是早晨起来先刷牙，以此来清除夜间睡觉堆积起来的牙菌斑和细菌”，符合逻辑。故选G项。.完形填空Years ago, feeling tired and frustrated，I began to doubt whether teaching was worth it anymore._1_， a ridiculous moment in class lit my way out of the darkness.I was teaching a chemistry lesson, and the students were_2_ about working with alcohol lamps.But a girl couldnt get her wick (灯芯) to burn. She was one of the kids who always seem to be the _3_ one picked for the team, who appeared to have_4_ that she could never be special.Normally I do not interfere with science projects, because_5_ can be part of the learning process.Yet this was simply a matter of faulty equipment；the wick was not as _6_ as it should have been.I needed to _7_.The girl had tears in her eyes, and I felt_8_ of myself for ever having felt like giving up. For that one moment, the only thing that_9_ to me was that this girl should have a successful experiment.She was going to go home that day with a _10_ on her face.I bent over her alcohol lamp, and with a long kitchen match tried to reach the wick.I was so _11_ to the match that I could feel the flame.Finally the wick caught fire, and I looked up triumphantly (得意扬扬地), _12_the smile on the girls face._13_， she took one look at me and began screaming in fear.I did not understand why the kids were all pointing at me_14_ I realized that the flame had lit my hair.Several kids ran to me and _15_at my head.Talk about a dream come true they got to hit their teacher on the head and say they were_16_ her.A few minutes later, all was well and I watched the kids_17_ the experiment. I felt like an idiot, and yet for the first time in weeks, I felt how much I _18_ about teaching. I had tried hard to help someone; though not particularly well, but the _19_ was there. From that moment, I determined to always teach like my hair was_20_.语篇解读：作者是一名化学老师，在过去的某段时间里，她开始厌倦教学。但一次化学实验课上发生的小事故让她重新燃起了对教学的热情。1A.InstantlyBFortunatelyCHopefully DAbsolutely解析：选B上文提到作者开始感到疲惫和沮丧，并质疑教学的价值，下文提到班级里的荒唐时刻引导她走出了阴暗，这种转变对作者而言是幸运的。所以B项符合语境。2A.excited BembarrassedCskeptical Dparticular解析：选A从下文“But a girl couldnt get her wick to burn”以及“the girl had tears in her eyes”可知，学生对于使用酒精灯是非常兴奋的(excited)，和后文小女孩无法点燃酒精灯急出眼泪形成对比。skeptical意为“怀疑的”。3A.first BbestClast Dvery解析：选C根据下文“she could never be special”可知女孩是那种总是最后一个(last)被选入队伍、文静内向的女生。4A.accepted BdeniedCdeclared Dhoped解析：选A句意：她似乎也接受了(accepted)她很普通的事实。5A.practice BaccidentsCinaccuracy Dfailure解析：选D作者通常不干预学生的科学课程，因为失败(failure)也是学习过程的一部分。6A.dry BbigCthick Dlong解析：选D根据第四段的“with a long kitchen match tried to reach the wick”得知，小女孩的酒精灯的灯芯没有本来该有的长度(long)。7A.step in Bstep asideCstep up Dstep down解析：选A根据上文“Normally I do not interfere with science projects”可知，作者一般不干预学生实验，但是小女孩实验失败是设备问题，所以作者感到应该干涉(step in)。step in 对应前文的interfere with。step aside意为“走到一边，从权威地位退下”；step up意为“增加，提高”；step down意为“辞职，下台”。8A.proud BawareCtired Dashamed解析：选D小女孩急出了眼泪说明小女孩不想放弃，因此相比之下，作者对自己曾经想要放弃感到羞愧(ashamed)。9A.happened BattendedCmattered Drelated解析：选C句意：在那一刻，于我而言唯一重要(matter)的事就是让小女孩成功做成实验。10A.fear BsmileCshame Dsurprise解析：选B让小女孩成功做成实验，然后面带微笑(smile)回家。11A.accessible BcloseClow Dshort解析：选B句意：我离火柴很近(close)，甚至能感受到火焰。12A.expecting BfindingCmissing Dimagining解析：选A根据上文“the only thing that mattered to me was that this girl should have a successful experiment. She was going to go home that day with a smile”可知，当作者最终点燃酒精灯的时候，她得意扬扬地抬起头，期望(expecting)小女孩脸上露出微笑。 13A.Rather BBesidesCStill DInstead解析：选D上文提到作者期望小女孩露出微笑，下文提到小女孩看着她，开始害怕地尖叫，可知与自己的预期相反(instead)。14A.as BwhenCuntil Dsince解析：选C句意：直到(not .until)我意识到火焰点着了我的头发我才明白为什么所有的学生都指着我。15A.looked BshoutedChit Dwaved解析：选C根据下文“they got to hit their teacher on the head”可知，几个孩子跑过来朝作者头部打过去(hit)。16A.helping BcursingCkidding Damusing解析：选A句意：他们的梦想实现了他们可以打老师的头还可以说是帮助老师(helping)。17A.beginning BpausingCcontinuing Dpreparing解析：选C句意：几分钟过后，一切都正常了。我看着孩子们继续做(continuing)实验。18A.argued BcaredCcomplained Dworried解析：选B根据转折副词yet可推断出整件事也给作者带来积极的影响，她发现自己很在意(care about)教学，和文章首段呼应。19A.strategy BreasonCscheme Deffort解析：选D句意：我尽力去帮助别人，尽管不是特别理想，但是至少我努力(effort)了。strategy意为“战略”；scheme意为“方案，轨迹”。20A.on fire Bon endCin sight Din chaos解析：选A句意：从那刻起，我决定一直如头发着火般(on fire)热情地投入教学。一语双关，on fire既可以表示“着火”，又可以表示“充满热情”。on end意为“连续地”；in sight意为“被看到，在视力范围之内”；in chaos意为“混乱”。.语法填空When you smile, not only do you feel happy, _1_ you also bring a ray of light into the lives of others.Someone once_2_ (say), “A smile is a curve that sets everything straight, by increasing your face value.” Know that a smile is a little thing that can produce great results._3_ it takes is a smile to make short work of many _4_ (difficulty), for just being happy can help others.Ive often thought of a smile_5_ the touch of God given to his people.A day without a smile is a day wasted. Some people grin (咧嘴笑) and bear it, while_6_ smile and change the world.Dont you love the feelings of a _7_ (return) smile? It can move into the soul and release good into the world. It can make friends with_8_ (strange)It can bring friends closer together. It can bridge the generation gap. It can fill the heart with love.A smile is a light in the window of the soul, _9_ (indicate) that the heart is at home.God puts a smile on our faces so that we would see that the world needs that breath to_10_ (light) the darkness in ou