2018_2019学年高中英语单元质量检测（三）（含解析）.docx

单元质量检测(三)(时间：100分钟满分：120分).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ALIPITORABOUT LIPITORLipitor is a prescription medicine. Along with diet and exercise, it lowers “bad” cholesterol (胆固醇) in your blood. It can also raise “good” cholesterol.Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors, including family history of early heart disease, high blood pressure, age and smoking.WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?Who can take LIPITOR：People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise.Adults and children over 10.Who should NOT take LIPITOR：Women who are pregnant, may be pregnant, or may become pregnant. Lipitor may harm your unborn baby.Women who are breastfeeding. Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.People with liver problems.POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITORSerious side effects in a small number of people：Muscle problems that can lead to kidney problems, including kidney failure.Liver problems. Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start Lipitor and while you are taking it.Call your doctor right away if you have：Unexplained muscle pain or weakness, especially if you have a fever or feel very tired.Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing.Stomach pain.Some common side effects of LIPITOR are：Muscle pain.Upset stomach.Changes in some blood tests.HOW TO TAKE LIPITORDo：Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor.Try to eat hearthealthy foods while you take Lipitor.Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food.If you miss a dose (一剂), take it as soon as you remember. But if it has been more than 12 hours since you missed a dose, wait, take the next dose at your regular time.DontDo not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor.Do not start new medicine before talking to your doctor.语篇解读：本文介绍了立普妥这种药品的服用说明，包括适用人群、禁用人群、可能的副作用、如何处理副作用、怎样服用等相关信息。1What is the major function of Lipitor?ATo help quit smoking.BTo lower “bad” cholesterol.CTo improve unhealthy diet.DTo control blood pressure.解析：选B细节理解题。根据ABOUT LIPITOR中的“Along with diet and exercise, it lowers bad cholesterol (胆固醇) in your blood.”可知，本句中的it指代Lipitor，它可以降低血液中的有害胆固醇。故选B项。2If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should _.Achange the amount of your next doseBeat more when taking your next doseChave a dose as soon as you rememberDtake the next dose at your regular time解析：选D细节理解题。根据HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR部分中的“But if it has been more than 12 hours since you missed a dose, wait, take the next dose at your regular time.”可知，如果你错过服药12小时，应该等着在固定时间服用下一剂。故选D项。3What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo teach patients ways for quick recovery.BTo present a report on a scientific research.CTo show the importance of a good lifestyle.DTo give information about a kind of medicine.解析：选D写作意图题。本文介绍了立普妥这种药品的适用人群、禁用人群、可能的副作用、如何处理副作用、怎样服用等相关信息，因此，本文的意图就是介绍一种药品的相关信息。故选D项。BHe had more than 160 reports as a reporter on the Metro desk and more than 170 in 19 months as a national journalist based in Kansas City, Mo. But perhaps the most important piece of writing that A. G. Sulzberger did for The New York Times before Wednesday when he was named deputy publisher was not an article and was not published in The Times, but was all about The Times.That work came to be known as the “innovation (创新) report”， which zeroed in on the importance of a digital future for the newspaper his family has owned since 1896 and said The Times risked losing its leading place if it did not make sweeping changes.In a conversation in his office on Wednesday, Mr. Sulzberger said he saw the innovation report and the thinking that led to his conclusions as “a wakeup call to the newsroom that we were at risk of missing the moment”“It was always easy to see how changes will endanger the traditions of the place，” he said, “but what became really clear to me was not changing was the more dangerous course if we cared about the traditions of the place.”Unlike some of the former deputy publishers in his role, Mr. Sulzberger has been more experienced in the newsroom than in advertising or consumer marketing. Still, his colleagues described him as a quick study whose modesty masked deep inner confidence. Besides, in the newsroom or out on an assignment, Mr. Sulzberger did not show off his connection to The Times owners. “I recognized the name，” said Vincent Bova, a video editor who figured in a feature article that Mr. Sulzberger wrote in 2010. “I mean, I knew I was dealing with royalty. There was no reason for me to bring that up with him, and he didnt.” So Mr. Sulzberger, in some way, has qualified himself for the position since long time ago.语篇解读：本文介绍了著名出版人A.G. Sulzberger对纽约时报的重要贡献，还介绍了他提出的“创新报道”理论以及他人对他的评价。4A. G. Sulzberger wrote the “innovation report” mainly to _.Aurge revolutions in The TimesBgain the position of deputy publisherCpromote changes in New York CityDshow directions to his family future解析：选A推理判断题。根据第二段可知，“创新报道”关注报纸数字化未来的重要性，纽约时报如果不改革，则将面临危机。据此可以判断，A. G. Sulzberger提及“创新报道”的目的是敦促纽约时报进行变革，故A项正确。5What is the biggest threat to traditional media according to Mr. Sulzberger?AScientific developments. BRapid social changes.CTheir own stubbornness. DDecreasing readers.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“and said The Times risked losing its leading place if it did not make sweeping changes”和文章中提到的“innovation report”可知，A. G. Sulzberger认为纽约时报如果不做出变革，则将面临危机；据此可以判断，A. G. Sulzberger认为传统媒体面临的最大的问题是它们固执己见，不思变革，故C项正确。6How does the author show us what Mr. Sulzberger is like in the last paragraph?ABy comparing him with others.BBy interviewing him in person.CBy giving examples of his routines.DBy quoting comments from others.解析：选D写作手法题。通读最后一段可知，该段第二句介绍了同事对A. G. Sulzberger的评价，第四句和第五句介绍了视频编辑Vincent Bova对他的评价；据此可以判断，最后一段是通过别人的评价来描述A. G. Sulzberger的，故D项正确。7What does the author think of Mr. Sulzberger according to the passage?ACasual. BObjective.CAdmirable. DCritical.解析：选C观点态度题。通读全文可知，A. G. Sulzberger提出“创新报道”理论并前瞻性地认识到数字化时代对传统媒体的影响，意识到传统媒体变革的重要意义；据此可以判断，作者对A. G. Sulzberger的态度是钦佩的，故C项正确。CPatients in the early stages of Alzheimers disease often struggle to remember recently learned information, meaning they forget things like important appointments or where they left their keys. But it seems that these memories are not lost. They are still filed away in the brain somewhere; they just cant be easily accessed.Now, researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimers. The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons (转基因神经元). Currently it is too early to be used in human trials as it involves inserting light emitting (发光) equipment into the subjects brains, but the same principles still apply, the researchers said.“The important point is that this is evidence of concept. That is, even if a memory seems to be gone, it is still there. Its a matter of how to get it back，” said senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa.The team took two groups of mice, one genetically engineered to develop Alzheimers and one healthy. They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock. All of the mice showed fear when put back in an hour later. When placed in the room a third time several days later, the Alzheimers mice acted normally. They had forgotten the shock.The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating (激活) the cells in which the memories were stored. Even when the mice were put into an unfamiliar room, they showed fear when the cells associated with the shock were activated.“Shortterm memory seems to be normal, on the order of hours. But for longterm memory, these early Alzheimers mice seem to be damaged，” said lead researcher Dheeraj Roy. “Directly activating the cells that we believe are holding the memory helps them get it back. This suggests that it is indeed an access problem to the information, not that theyre unable to learn or store this memory.”语篇解读：通过对老鼠的实验研究，研究者发现在患有阿尔茨海默症的老鼠身上，能够通过激活储存记忆的细胞，使老鼠重得记忆。8What can we learn about the researchers at MIT?AThey are the pioneers of brain research.BThey have used the method in human trials.CThey can cure Alzheimers using the new method.DThey can get back memories in mice with Alzheimers.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Now, researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimers.”可知，麻省理工学院的研究者已研发出一种使患有阿尔茨海默症的老鼠恢复记忆的方法。故选D项。9Why did the Alzheimers mice behave normally a third time?AThey failed to remember the electric shock.BThey were accustomed to the situation.CThey managed to overcome the fear.DThey activated the association automatically.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，患有阿尔茨海默症的老鼠的行为正常，是因为它们已经忘了电击的痛苦。故选A项。10For longterm memory, the early Alzheimers mice _.Acan transform their brain cellsBcant learn new tricks wellCcan easily get back their memoryDcant access the information stored解析：选D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But for longterm memory .seem to be damaged”和“it is indeed an access problem to the information”可知，在长期记忆方面，处在阿尔茨海默症早期的老鼠不能获取储存的信息。故选D项。11The main purpose of the text is to _.Aintroduce a method of a researchBreport the latest discovery about a diseaseCgive advice on how to improve memoryDexplain how the brain stores information解析：选B写作目的题。本文主要介绍了麻省理工学院的研究者们对阿尔茨海默症的新发现，因此，本文的写作目的是介绍阿尔茨海默症的最新研究成果。故选B项。D“A wonderful emotion to get things moving when one is stuck is anger. It was anger more than anything else that had set me off, leading to productivity and creativity，” Mary Garden, a Scottish musician, said.Creative people may experience emotions very deeply and strongly, and feel at times they need to shut off or escape from some of them.Sharon M. Barnes is a psychotherapist, serving children, teens and adults with social & emotional needs. She said, “Many highly creative people have emotions and are in touch with their feelings, but they struggle to find their balance emotionally.”Sharon once thought about why social and emotional needs are so vital to and yet so difficult for so many highly creative people. She found the answer when talking with one of the painters consulting her. She helped the painter deal with strong emotions connected with the hard times he was going through. “As I was talking with him, a picture suddenly appeared in my head: emotions are much like ocean waves，” she said. “Ocean waves come in many shapes, sizes, speeds and intensities (强度). So do emotions. Ocean waves are influenced by many things including the gravitational pull (万有引力) of the moon, the shape and movement of the ocean floor and the weather. Our emotions are influenced by the gravitational pull of our relationships, the ups and downs of our health and energy, and the weather of the events in our lives.” “Sometimes life can seem like the experience of a surfer caught in the washing machine， where he gets caught in wave after wave and can have trouble even coming up for air，” she added.语篇解读：本文是议论文。有创造力的人总有着强烈的情感，精神治疗医师Sharon很好地诠释了有创造力的人的这种强烈的情感。12What do Mary Gardens words suggest?AAnger can be of great help to her.BShe never tries to control her anger.CShe often feels angry when working.DAnger is often the theme of her music.解析：选A细节理解题。Mary Garden认为愤怒会让她更有效率和创造力，也就是说愤怒对她有很多帮助。13What does Barnes think of highly creative people?AThey experience strong emotions more often.BIts difficult for them to deal with their emotions.CIts unnecessary for them to control their emotions.DThey dont have a good understanding of themselves.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Barnes认为有创造力的人在应对他们的情绪方面有困难。14Why does Barnes compare emotions to ocean waves?AThey can be influential.BThey can be dangerous.CThey are too changeable to deal with.DThey are too strong to control at times.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Barnes把情绪比作海浪，主要是因为情绪与海浪一样变化无常，难以掌控。15What may be the best title for the text?AWaves and creativityBLearning about emotionsCHow to control emotionsDCreative peoples emotions解析：选D标题归纳题。本文主要围绕有创造力的人有着强烈的情感展开，通过精神治疗医师Sharon的诠释使人们更好地了解了有创造力的人的这种强烈的情感。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Things to stop doing if you want to exerciseHow many times have you been told doing exercise is great? Yet, we regularly spend time not exercising. However, there are several things you can stop doing to help you make up your mind to exercise.Stop waiting to feel like exercising. After 20 years of exercise, its a rare morning that I really feel like getting out of bed at 5：30 for a workout (锻炼). _16_ So, why do I do it? It isnt the wish to exercise that gets me out of bed, but a combination of habit and discipline (纪律)Stop setting unrealistic (不切实际的) goals. Yes, it seems like working out for a week or two should produce a good result your pants should be falling off your body after all that pain and suffering. The reality is a little less than thrilling. _17_ Sometimes its even worse you may actually gain weight. This usually lasts for a limited time, but its still no fun to experience.Stop making excuses. We can all come up with tons of reasons to leave exercise out. Were too busy. Were tired. _18_ Strangely enough, people who exercise have the same problems, but they somehow manage to exercise every day._19_ If theres one thing thats certain in life, its that we will fail. You are likely to fail in taking exercise. Its not that you are weak. _20_ There will be times when youre sick, injured, on vacation or going through something that forces you to give up your exercise program. Its just what happens. The trick isnt to try to be perfect, but to allow for those times in your life when you just cant work out.AStop being afraid to fail.BI dont even want to get up at all.CWe really need to clean out the car.DStop waiting for the perfect time to exercise.EToo often, we wait for the reason to exercise.FIts simply that you cant expect to be able to exercise all the time.GSometimes, nothing much happens except sore muscles and disappointment.语篇解读：如果你想要下定决心坚持锻炼，就应该摒弃一些关于锻炼的错误认知。16选B上一句作者提到20年来他很少愿意早起，B项说自己甚至不想起床，两句之间是递进关系。17选G根据本空后的“Sometimes its even worse”可知，此处也是说一种锻炼达不到预期的糟糕情况，G项说有时候锻炼只会带来酸痛的肌肉和失望，故为正确答案。18选C本段主旨是停止找借口不去锻炼，C项就是上文提到的tons of reasons中的一个借口，与本空前的两句话构成并列。19选A此处需要一个主旨句。根据本段中的关键信息词fail 可知A项为正确答案。20选F上一句说不能坚持锻炼的原因并非是因为无能，F项说的是真正的原因，两句中的Its not that 和Its simply that形成对比。此外，下文举的例子正是对F项的补充说明。.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The neighborhood kids must use a spotter. As soon as Antons _21_ is detected, they pour out of their homes and run to him, _22_ he were a conquering hero.As I look out the front window at my son, I see him _23_ by his followers, all of whom are _24_ than he. I watch his exaggerated (夸张的) _25_ as he makes what appears to be a speech, and I _26_ whether he is a hero or only a clown. The other children laugh and laugh.When I finally call Anton in for supper, they _27_ him to the door. Ashley asks _28_， “Will he come out again？” I said gently, “If Anton eats his peas.”I once didnt understand where the _29_ lay. And then, the other day, as I was watching him playing outside with his younger followers I think I _30_ it. Anton will give anybody a(n) _31_ to form a friendship with him, and his interests are so general that hes genuinely _32_ of almost anything: a jump in the river, a game of badminton, frog collecting, skateboarding . This means that he _33_ common ground with all of these neighborhood children who, _34_， find him so wonderful because little kids _35_ big kids who pay attention to them. And he really does _36_ them. I recall one occasion at a town picnic where a person was selling _37_ for 50 cents. Anton saw one of his friends _38_ because his balloon had slipped away. Anton took him by the hand and _39_ him, “Dont worry, Nathan, my dad will buy you another one.” And on this occasion, how could I _40_？语篇解读：本文是记叙文。儿子很受周围孩子们的欢迎，作者一度很不解，后来发现是儿子的爱心和广泛的兴趣让他赢得了大家的友谊。21A.attitude BpresenceCperformance Daction解析：选B由上文的“must use a spotter”可知，此处指附近的小孩子们一旦发现Anton的“出现(presence)”，就会从家里涌出跑向他。22A.although BbecauseCas if Deven if解析：选C由语境可知，Anton就像一个凯旋而归的英雄一样受到孩子们的拥戴。as if表示“好像”。23A.surrounded BfoundCbeaten Dchased解析：选A由下文中的“what appears to be a speech”可知，作者从窗户上看到儿子被他的追随者们“围着(surrounded)”。24A.cleverer BhealthierCtaller Dyounger解析：选D由下文中的“his younger followers”可知，Anton的这些玩伴们都比他小。25A.exercises BlanguagesCgestures Dmovements解析：选C作者在窗户里观察到的应该是儿子比划着“手势(gestures)”好像在给同伴们作演讲似的。26A.wonder BimagineCpredict Dask解析：选A作者看到儿子在外面手舞足蹈，其他孩子大笑时，“不知道(wonder)”儿子到底扮演的是英雄的角色还是小丑的角色。27A.guide BaccompanyCtake Dpush解析：选B解析见下题。28A.calmly BstronglyCeagerly Dpitifully解析：选C孩子们舍不得离开Anton，因此他回家吃饭时小伙伴们“陪(accompany)”他走到了家门口。其中一个“急切地(eagerly)”问作者是否允许Anton再出去玩。29A.belief BbenefitCinterest Dattraction解析：选D解析见下题。30A.saw BwonCreached Ddoubted解析：选A由下文分析的儿子受欢迎的原因可知，此处指作者不明白为什么儿子有这么大的“吸引力(attraction)”。但是有一天看到儿子在外面与伙伴们玩时，作者“明白(saw)”了。31A.suggestion BopportunityCright Dnote解析：选B解析见下题。32A.proud BawareCafraid Dfond解析：选DAnton给任何一个小伙伴与他交朋友的“机会(opportunity)”，而且兴趣广泛，对很多活动都非常“喜欢(fond)”。33A.shares BbuildsCshows Denjoys解析：选AAnton爱好广泛，这就意味着他与别的孩子有共同的兴趣。share common ground with sb.表示“与有共同的兴趣”。34A.in fact Bin particularCin turn Din return解析：选C解析见下题。